Dynamics of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Under Different Water Regimes and Fertilization Systems in Soybeans in the Cerrado

Resumo

Abstract

There is a growing need to obtain new sources of nutrients, and the use of waste and less expensive and more sustainable sources of nutrients has emerged as an excellent alternative to conventional inputs. However, little is known about the impacts of the application of these products on cultivated agroecosystems, and soil microbiological activity can be used as a tool to measure this influence. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, as they are extremely sensitive to nutritional and water variations in the soil, stand out as one of the most efficient bioindicators of soil quality. This work aimed to evaluate mycorrhizal activity as a bioindicator of environmental quality in soybean cultivation areas under the application of Fine Mica Schist in variable water regimes. The experimental design used was randomized blocks, with four replications, with treatments arranged in a 3x4 factorial scheme, where factor one was the fertilization system with the application of NPK, FMS and the control treatment and factor two was the water regime with 28%, 44%, 65% and 100% of the crop's water needs, respectively. Due to the absence of differences in mycorrhizal activity, the application of different nutrient sources did not promote stress in cultivated environments. However, the deficient water regime resulted in greater mycorrhizal activity in the soil and roots, indicating that these factors may have affected plant development. The genera Acaulospora, Claroideoglomus, Diversispora, Scutellospora, Sclerocystis, Glomus, Gigaspora, Ambispora and Scrobiculata were found in all the areas studied