SELF-REPORTED SLEEP DURATION, ANTHROPOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS, RESPIRATORY FUNCTION AND FUNCTIONAL CAPACITY: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY IN THE ELDERLY
Palavras-chave:
sleep quality, elderly health, respiratory function testsResumo
AGING INFLUENCES THE NUMBER OF HOURS AND THE QUALITY OF SLEEP, WHICH ARE ASSOCIATED WITH CHANGES IN RESPIRATORY FUNCTION AND AN INCREASE IN OBESITY. OBJECTIVE: TO ASSOCIATE ANTHROPOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS, RESPIRATORY FUNCTION AND SLEEP SCALES WITH THE NUMBER OF HOURS SLEPT. METHODS: EIGHTY-NINE ELDERLY PEOPLE WERE EVALUATED IN A SPECIALIZED CARE HOSPITAL FOR THE ELDERLY. BODY MASS INDEX AND WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE WERE USED TO VERIFY THE PRESENCE OF OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY. SPIROMETRY EVALUATED LUNG FUNCTION WITH THE FOLLOWING PARAMETERS: PEAK EXPIRATORY FLOW (PEF), FORCED VITAL CAPACITY (FVC) AND FORCED EXPIRATORY VOLUME IN ONE SECOND (FEV1). RESPIRATORY MUSCLE STRENGTH WAS ASSESSED BY MEANS OF MAXIMAL INSPIRATORY PRESSURE (MIP) AND MAXIMAL EXPIRATORY PRESSURE (MEP). THE INSTRUMENTS USED TO ASSESS SLEEP QUALITY WERE THE EPWORTH SLEEPINESS SCALE (ESS) QUESTIONNAIRE AND THE PITTSBURGH SLEEP QUALITY INDEX (PSQI). TO COMPARE THE GROUPS ACCORDING TO THE HOURS OF SLEEP (�‰¤6H, BETWEEN 7-9H AND �‰¥10H) THE ONE-WAY ANOVA TEST WITH TUKEY'S POST HOC OR KRUSKAL-WALLIS TEST WITH DUNN'S POST HOC WAS USED. CATEGORICAL VARIABLES WERE ASSOCIATED WITH THE CHI-SQUARE TEST. THE VALUE CONSIDERED FOR P <0.05 AND STATISTICAL PACKAGE FOR SOCIAL SCIENCE SOFTWARE. RESULTS THE MEAN AGE WAS 73.4 YEARS, WITH 57 (64%) WOMEN AND 32 (36%) MEN, THERE WAS NO CORRELATION BETWEEN BMI AND WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE WITH HOURS OF SLEEP. SIGNIFICANCE DIFFERENCE WERE FOUND TO PEF [�‰¤6H: 2.1 (0.9) L/S; 7-9H: 3.1 (1.4) L/S; �‰¥10H: 2.4 (1.2) L/S; P*=0.015], FVC [�‰¤6H: 1.8 (0.5) L; 7-9H: 2.3 (0.5) L; �‰¥10H: 2.0 (0.7) L; P*=0.003], FEV1 [�‰¤6H: 1.4 (0.4) L; 7-9H: 1.8 (0.5) L; �‰¥10H: 1.4 (0.5) L; P*=0.002], MIP [�‰¤6H: 39.7 (16.6) CMH2O; 7-9H: 61.6 (31.3) CMH2O; �‰¥10H: 46.5 (23.3) CMH2O; P*=0.020] AND MEP [�‰¤6H: 37.6 ( 23.6) CMH2O; 7-9H: 67.7 (34.9) CMH2O; �‰¥10H: � 45.2 (20.6) CMH2O; P*=0.001). TH HIGHER VALUES WERE IN THE ELDERLY WHO SLEEP BETWEEN 7-9H WHEN COMPARED TO THOSE WHO SLEEP �‰¤6H. THIS SLEEP DEPRIVATION LEADS TO A PROGRESSIVE REDUCTION IN RESPIRATORY FUNCTION, AND AS CONSEQUENCE, AN INCREASE IN RESTING RESPIRATORY RATE, A DECREASE IN TIDAL VOLUME AND DIAPHRAGMATIC ACTIVITY. THE FEV1/FVC RATIO WAS NOT SIGNIFICANT. THERE WAS A SIGNIFICANT ASSOCIATION BETWEEN BMI, MIP AND MEP WITH HOURS OF SLEEP. CONCLUSION: ELDERLY PEOPLE WHO SLEEP 7-9 HOURS HAVE BETTER RESULTS IN LUNG FUNCTION AND RESPIRATORY MUSCLE STRENGTH.
Referências
Bertolazi NA, Fagondes SC, Hoff LS, Pedro VD, Barreto SSM, Johns MW. Validação da escala de sonolência de Epworth em português para uso no Brasil. Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia. 2009; 35(9):887-83.
Bordoni B, Morabito B, Simonelli M. Ageing of the Diaphragm Muscle. Cureus Journal of Medical Science. 2020; 12(1):66-45.
Bradley AE, Denise MO, Asad A, Amy SJ, John T, Atul M. Aging and sleep: physiology and pathophysiology. Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine. 2010; 31(5):618-33.
Buchman AS, Boyle PA, Wilson RS, Leurgans S, Shah RC, Bennett DA. Respiratory muscle strength predicts decline in mobility in older persons. Neuroepidemiology Journal. 2008; 31(3):177-80.
Crispim CA, Zalcman I, Dáttilo M, Padilha HG, Tufik S, Mello MT. Relação entre sono e obesidade: uma revisão da literatura. Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia & Metabologia. 2007; 51(7):1041-9.
Graham BL, Steenbruggen I, Miller MR, Barjaktarevic IZ, Cooper BG, Hall GL, et al. Standardization of Spirometry 2019 Update. An Official American Thoracic Society and European Respiratory Society Technical Statement. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 2019; 200(8):70-88.
Hayes AL, Xu F, Babineau D, Patel SR. Sleep Duration and Circulating Adipokine Levels. SLEEP. 2011; 34(2): 147-152.
Hirshkowitz M, Whiton K, Albert SM, Alessi C, Bruni O, DonCarlos L, et al. National Sleep Foundation’s sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary. Sleep Health. 2015; 1(1):40-3.
Li J, Vitiello MV, Gooneratne NS. Sleep in Normal Aging. Sleep Medicine Clinics. 2018;13(1):1-11.
Lipschitz DA. Screening for nutritional status in the elderly. Prim Care. 1994; 21 (1):55-67.
Murray WJ. Sensitivity and specificity of the multiple sleep latency test (MSLT), the maintenance of wakefulness test and the Epworth sleepiness scale: Failure of the MSLT as a gold standard. Journal of Sleep Research. European Sleep Research Society. 2000; 9(1):5-11.
Neder JA, Andreoni S, Lerario MC, Nery LE. Reference values for lung function tests: II. Maximal respiratory pressures and voluntary ventilation. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research. 1999; 32(6):719-27.
Pereira CAC, Sato T, Rodrigues SC. Novos valores de referência para espirometria forçada em brasileiros adultos de raça branca. Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia. 2007; 33(4):397-406.
Rault C, Sangaré A, Diaz V, Ragot S, Frat Raux M, et al. Impact of Sleep Deprivation on Respiratory Motor Output and Endurance. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 2020; 201(8): 976–983.
