ISSN: 2596-1578 O Congresso Internacional de Pesquisa, Ensino e Extensão - CIPEEX, é promovido pela Universidade Evangélica de Goiás – UniEVANGÉLICA. Trata-se de um evento científico, cultural e de extensão inicialmente realizado a cada dois anos e a partir do ano 2022 se tornou anual com programação realizada durante a Semana Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia. O evento visa agregar as atividades de pesquisa, ensino e extensão geradas no seio da Instituição, nos cursos de graduação e pós-graduação. O CIPEEX é um evento destinado a docentes, discentes, técnico-administrativos da Universidade Evangélica de Goiás – UniEVANGÉLICA e de outras instituições, além da comunidade em geral. Objetivos: Promover um Congresso de Pesquisa, Ensino e Extensão congregando todos os cursos da Instituição, na promoção de debates multidisciplinares; Consolidar e divulgar os trabalhos acadêmico-científicos resultantes de atividades de ensino, pesquisa e extensão da Universidade Evangélica de Goiás – UniEVANGÉLICA; Promover conferências, palestras, mesas-redondas, minicursos, oficinas, exposições e apresentação de trabalhos nos diversos campos do saber; Integrar os cursos de graduação e pós-graduação da Universidade Evangélica de Goiás – UniEVANGÉLICA.
ASSISTANCE TO SUICIDE ATTEMPTS IN ADOLESCENCE IN EMERGENCY SERVICES: THE PERFORMANCE OF HEALTH PROFESSIONALS, CHALLENGES AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS
Suicide is considered a public health priority by PAHO/WHO and is among the leading causes of death among adolescents aged 15 to 19. This phenomenon stems from social, cultural, biological, and emotional factors, such as family conflicts, depression, and academic difficulties, which increase vulnerability, especially given the biopsychosocial changes inherent to adolescence. Social and family support is an important protective factor, while a lack of support can increase the risk of suicidal behavior. This study aimed to analyze the actions of health professionals in emergency and urgent care services when faced with adolescent suicide attempts. This is an integrative literature review, conducted based on searches in national and international databases, such as BVS, SciELO, CINAHL, PubMed, and EBSCO, as well as official websites, including articles published between 2012 and 2024 in Portuguese, English, Spanish, and Turkish. It was evident that adolescence is a phase marked by transformations that can intensify vulnerability to suicide, reinforcing the importance of ethical, empathetic, and humane care by health professionals. These professionals face challenges in overcoming taboos, requiring specific protocols and integrated multidisciplinary work that considers clinical, psychological, family, social, and cultural aspects. The role of emergency services in early identification and immediate intervention stands out, preventing deaths and ensuring referral for continued care in UBS, CAPS, UPA, SAMU, and support from services such as CVV. It is concluded that suicide attempts in adolescence constitute a serious public health problem, requiring intersectoral strategies, strengthening of support networks, prevention campaigns such as Yellow September, and new studies that contribute to standardizing and improving care.
Introduction: The main part of human development occurs in childhood, therefore, increasing childhood obesity is a concern due to its high incidence. Objective: To identify the main current causes of the increase in childhood obesity. Methods: This research is a bibliographic study in which scientific articles were reviewed, articles that emphasized childhood obesity. Result: After the review, the data reveal that childhood obesity stems from several factors, such as poor diet, parental influence, and other factors. Conclusion: Childhood obesity is becoming an increasingly recurrent problem, from several sources, which is a concern for general health in the future. Therefore, creating ways to reverse this problem is urgent and necessary.
EVALUATION OF THE ANTIDEPRESSANT-LIKE ACTIVITY OF CYMBOPOGON MARTINII ESSENTIAL OIL IN THE FORCED SWIMMING TEST
INTRODUCTION: Cymbopogon martini may represent a promising species in the treatment of depression. In studies on depression therapy, natural-origin treatments have aroused increasing interest due to the adverse effects associated with conventional drugs and the long-standing traditional use of medicinal plants, although such therapies are not completely devoid of side effects. Geraniol is the main active constituent of Cymbopogon martini, popularly known as palmarosa, a grass from the Poaceae family, widely used in folk medicine and aromatherapy for its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and relaxing properties. The essential oil extracted from this plant is rich in geraniol and monoterpenes, compounds that have been associated with antidepressant and central nervous system–modulating effects in studies conducted with Cymbopogon citratus and Cymbopogon winterianus. Reported adverse effects include sedative effects in mice and lethal effects in bees. However, no studies were found regarding the antidepressant potential of Cymbopogon martini. METHODOLOGY: This study will evaluate the antidepressant-like activity of extracts and/or essential oil of Cymbopogon martini in the forced swimming test in mice. The oil will be administered orally. The animals will undergo the forced swimming test for 6 minutes, with behavioral analysis performed during the last 4 minutes. Variables such as water temperature, sex, age, diet, dosage, overall health status, lighting, and environmental noise will be controlled. EXPECTED RESULTS: A reduction in immobility time following essential oil administration is anticipated, indicating an antidepressant-like effect. Additionally, no significant structural alterations in the liver and kidneys are expected, nor any clinical signs or symptoms suggesting organ impairment. CONCLUSION: This study proposes the scientific and experimental assessment of the antidepressant potential of Cymbopogon martini, a topic on which no previous research has been identified. The findings aim to contribute to the development of new therapeutic strategies with fewer side effects. The investigation seeks to explore antidepressant effects, possible adverse events, and elucidate the mechanisms of action.
PHARMACIST'S ROLE IN REDUCING SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF ANXIETY: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Introduction: Anxiety is among the most common mental disorders, but it is often overlooked and inadequately treated, a factor contributing to its chronic nature. Pharmacists play a key role in screening, guiding treatment, and ensuring patient adherence to treatment, whether pharmacological or non-pharmacological. Objective: To conduct a comprehensive review of the existing literature on the role of pharmacists in the treatment of anxiety symptoms. Methodology: This literature review uses the PICO framework. The inclusion criteria for this study were as follows: the studies in question must have been published in the last decade, in English, and must have been cross-sectional studies or controlled clinical trials. A search was conducted in August 2025 in the BVS and SciELO databases. The descriptors used in the search were combined with Boolean operators as follows: pharmaceutical care OR pharmacist AND anxiety disorders. Results: The results indicate that pharmacists play an effective role in promoting medication adherence, enabling closer multidisciplinary monitoring and, in community pharmacies, promoting the rational use of psychotropic medications and preventing the progression of anxiety symptoms. Conclusion: The review highlights the crucial role of pharmacists in managing anxiety, promoting treatment adherence, rational medication use, and facilitating access to mental health care. Their integration into multidisciplinary teams and community pharmacies has been shown to contribute to reducing anxiety symptoms and improving patients' quality of life.
ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF MATERNAL AGE ON PREGNANCY
INTRODUCTION: Pregnancy at an advanced age, older 35 years old, has become an increasingly common reality today. Factors such as professional career, search for financial stability, advancement of assisted reproduction techniques and oocyte cryopreservation, contribute to the postponement of pregnancy. However, postponing this event can lead to negative biological and psychological consequences, which increases the chance of complications for the mother and baby. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the consequences of advanced maternal age in pregnancy. METHODOLOGY: An integrative review was carried out using the PICo strategy for data collection. The articles were found through descriptors present in the DECS, being applied in the following databases: Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), PubMed and Scielo. In addition, the studies were selected based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria and analyzed for their contribution to the response of the work objective. RESULTS: Initially, a study conducted with more than 27,000 pregnant women, classified into 3 groups according to age (< 35 years, 35-40 years and > 40 years), indicated an increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GMD) and hypertensive disorders from 35 years. In addition, this research points out that pregnant women over 40 years old have greater chances of intensive care unity (ICU) hospitalization and postpartum hemorrhage. Regarding the impacts on the baby, research points to the higher risk of fetal death, neonatal hospitalization, premature birth, low birth weight, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and genetic anomalies, mainly Down Syndrome. CONCLUSION: The analysis of the results allows us to conclude that there is a great impact of advanced maternal age on maternal-fetal health, with losses extending from the predisposition to the emergence of chronic diseases to fetal death.
MICRORNAS IN EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES: PERSPECTIVES AS NON-INVASIVE BIOMARKERS FOR BREAST CANCER
Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality among women worldwide, representing a major public health concern. Despite technological advances in screening and diagnosis, such as mammography and biopsy, challenges remain in early detection and prognosis, particularly during the initial stages of the disease. In this context, new approaches that provide greater sensitivity, specificity, and minimal invasiveness are essential to improve clinical management and increase patient survival. In recent years, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have gained prominence in biomedical research due to their role as carriers of bioactive molecules, including microRNAs (miRNAs). These small non-coding RNAs are key regulators of gene expression, and alterations in their profiles have been associated with critical processes in tumor development and progression, such as cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and therapy resistance. Thus, the analysis of miRNAs contained in circulating EVs emerges as a promising alternative for early diagnosis and clinical monitoring of breast cancer. This study aims to investigate, through a systematic literature review, the potential of EV-derived miRNAs as non-invasive biomarkers for early detection, therapeutic response, and prognosis in breast cancer patients. It is expected that a panel of clinically relevant circulating miRNAs will be identified, contributing to improved diagnostic accuracy, personalized therapy, and better clinical outcomes, while complementing or even surpassing traditional methods and advancing precision medicine in breast cancer care.
RACISM AND MENTAL HEALTH AMONG BLACK WOMEN WORKERS IN BRAZIL’S UNIFIED HEALTH SYSTEM (SUS): AN INTEGRATIVE REVIEW (2019–2025)
Introdução: Desigualdades de gênero e raça atravessam os processos de trabalho no SUS e agravam o sofrimento psíquico entre trabalhadoras negras, que relatam assédio, menor suporte institucional e barreiras no cotidiano laboral¹, ⁶. Objetivo: Analisar se mulheres negras trabalhadoras do SUS sofrem racismo e se isso acarreta maior adoecimento em saúde mental. Metodologia:Revisão integrativa (2019–2025) nas bases PubMed e SciELO, com os descritores racismo AND trabalhadores do SUS AND processos de trabalho AND saúde mental. Incluíram-se estudos brasileiros com trabalhadoras(es) do SUS (ou contexto público) que analisassem raça/cor e desfechos em saúde mental — transtornos mentais comuns (TMC), estresse e burnout — ou experiências de racismo no trabalho; excluíram-se editoriais, cartas e duplicatas. Resultados: A busca identificou 39 registros; após remoções e triagem, 16 textos foram elegíveis e 7 atenderam integralmente aos critérios. A síntese indica associação entre racismo percebido e sofrimento psíquico em contextos de trabalho em saúde³, com efeitos interseccionais de gênero–raça–classe na distribuição de TMC² e maior impacto em saúde mental, assédio e menor acesso a recursos entre mulheres negras durante a pandemia⁴, ⁵, ⁶. Estudos qualitativos com médicas negras descrevem desgaste emocional, racismo institucional e prejuízos de carreira¹, ⁶, enquanto inquéritos com trabalhadoras de serviços apontam que discriminação/assédio elevam a prevalência de TMC⁷. Conclusão: O racismo sofrido por mulheres negras do SUS associa-se a piores desfechos de saúde mental. Recomenda-se incorporar enfrentamento do racismo à educação permanente, gestão do trabalho e vigilância em saúde do trabalhador, com suporte psicossocial e monitoramento rotineiro por raça/cor¹, ⁷.
IMPACTS OF WORK OVERLOAD ON THE MENTAL HEALTH OF NURSING TECHNICIANS IN PRIMARY CARE: AN INTEGRATIVE REVIEW
Introduction: Primary Health Care (PHC) in Brazil is responsible for the initial care of the population, based on health promotion and education. However, the high patient demand that is associated with limited resources contributes to the workload of nursing technicians, which has a detrimental effect on their physical and mental well-being. Objective: of this study is to undertake a comprehensive review of the extant literature concerning factors related to workload and its impact on the mental health of PHC nursing technicians. Methodology: This integrative review was conducted in the Virtual Health Library (VHL), the Publisher Medline (PubMed), and the Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo). The search employed a combination of Boolean operators, employing the following descriptors: health professionals, mental health, primary health care, and nurses or nursing technicians. The corpus of articles was limited to those published in Portuguese or English, and to articles published in the last five years. Initially, 392 articles were identified; However, following a screening process that involved title and abstract, only five articles remained for final analysis. Results: Of the five selected studies, four indicated a high prevalence of emotional distress among PHC nursing technicians, particularly women over 60, married, and with children. The impact of the pandemic was further exacerbated by an increased utilization of psychotropic medications. Conclusion: It is imperative that PHC units acknowledge the significance of psychological support within the workplace. To this end, organizational strategies aimed at redistributing tasks, strengthening multidisciplinary support, improving infrastructure, and implementing more equitable management processes must be adopted.
MOBILITY GAMES: PLAYING AND LEARNING FOR THE CHILD’S HOLISTIC DEVELOPMENT
Introduction: Childhood is a time marked by motor, cognitive, social, and emotional development. Mobility games, which are playful activities centered around body movement, play a key role in this process because they help develop motor skills and encourage social interaction. Objective: To explore how mobility games can support the overall development of children. Method: This is a literature-based study, based on a review of scientific articles that connect play, learning, and the promotion of child development. Results: The findings show that mobility games help improve coordination, balance, creativity, social skills, and independence. They also stimulate cognitive and emotional growth, bringing together physical and emotional aspects in the learning process. Conclusion: Mobility games should be encouraged both in educational and health settings, as they support holistic development and help prepare children for social interactions and school life in a fun and healthy way.
THE ROLE OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENTISTS IN EXTRACORPOREAL PERFUSION
Introduction: The role of biomedical scientists in extracorporeal perfusion was formally recognized by Biomedicine in April 2007, through Resolution No. 153. This area, which involves extracorporeal circulation, is fundamental in cardiac and vascular surgeries that temporarily take over the function of the heart using equipment. Anatomical knowledge and professional qualifications are extremely important for working in this area. Objective: To conduct a bibliographic study on the role of biomedical scientists in extracorporeal perfusion, highlighting their responsibilities and importance during surgical procedures. Methodology: A narrative bibliographic search was conducted between January and March 2025, using the following keywords: Perfusion (AND); (AND) blood (OR) Extracorporeal Circulation. The searches were conducted in the PubMed database, including complete scientific articles published in Portuguese and English that addressed the professional role in extracorporeal perfusion. Results: The research showed that biomedical perfusionists play a crucial role in preserving the patient's vital functions during cardiovascular surgical procedures. They are responsible for operating, monitoring, and maintaining the extracorporeal circulation machine, controlling variables such as blood flow, oxygenation, and body temperature. Their work contributes directly to patient safety and the success of the surgical procedure, requiring technical knowledge and teamwork with a multidisciplinary team. Conclusion: The biomedical perfusionist is essential in highly complex procedures, being responsible for ensuring ideal physiological conditions for the patient during temporary interruption of cardiac function. Their skilled work contributes significantly to good clinical outcomes.
THE IMPORTANCE OF HOSPITAL COMMITTEES IN QUALITY MANAGEMENT, PATIENT SAFETY, AND STANDARDIZATION OF HEALTHCARE PRACTICES
INTRODUCTION: Hospital committees are multidisciplinary groups that enhance quality and safety in healthcare, standardizing practices, preventing risks, and promoting effective patient care. OBJECTIVE: To review the literature in order to assess the importance of hospital committees in improving healthcare, their role in patient safety, in the efficient use of resources, and in the standardization of practices. METHODS: The study was conducted through a descriptive and exploratory literature review, with a qualitative approach. The search for materials was conducted in scientific databases, using the term "hospital committees" as the exclusive descriptor. Recent articles and documents, in Portuguese and English, that addressed the structure, functions, and relevance of these committees in the hospital context were selected. Understanding their role is essential to improving hospital organization and ensuring better care outcomes. RESULTS: The included studies showed that the combination of systematized actions and evaluation indicators improves hospital management in several public institutions. Some studies reported improvements in the processes and services offered, a reduced need for corrective interventions, a lower prevalence of patient safety failures, and a significant contribution to organizational effectiveness. CONCLUSION: According to the research participants, hospital committees are essential for institutional management, contributing to policy formulation, coordination, and service monitoring. They operate in an organized manner, with a sufficient number of members, adequate physical structure, and a defined legal basis. These committees produce key indicators for hospital quality, which are used to monitor goals and limits. By making this information available to management and society, they promote transparency and strengthen the management of healthcare services.
CEREBELLAR TDCS AND GAIT TRAINING IN CHILDREN WITH DOWN SYNDROME: A RANDOMIZED, DOUBLE-BLIND, PLACEBO-CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL
Introduction: Down syndrome (DS) is associated with gait and balance impairments. Task-oriented rehabilitation strategies, such as treadmill training, have demonstrated benefits. Cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has emerged as a promising adjuvant to gait training, although it remains unexplored in DS. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of anodal cerebellar tDCS combined with treadmill training on mobility, gait, and balance in children with DS. Methods: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted with 11 children with DS. Participants underwent 10 sessions of treadmill training combined with either active tDCS (1 mA, 20 min, anode over the cerebellum) or sham stimulation. Outcomes were assessed at three time points (baseline, post-intervention, and 4-week follow-up) and included functional mobility (Timed Up and Go – TUG), gait parameters (10-Meter Walk Test with inertial sensor), and functional balance (Pediatric Balance Scale – PBS). Results: All participants completed the protocol without relevant adverse events. In the TUG, a small effect size was observed post-intervention (d = 0.24) and a large effect size at follow-up (d = 1.80) favoring active tDCS. The experimental group showed increased gait velocity at follow-up (d = 1.3; p = 0.036) and improved balance performance, with a moderate effect post-intervention (d = 0.60) and at follow-up (d = 0.71; p = 0.008). Conclusion: Cerebellar tDCS combined with treadmill training was safe, feasible, and potentially effective in enhancing mobility and balance in children with DS, with preliminary evidence of short-term retention of gains.
ACELLULAR SCAFFOLDS AND NATURAL BIOACTIVES IN REGENERATIVE WOUND MEDICINE
Regenerative medicine has emerged as an innovative and promising field for tissue repair, particularly in addressing the challenges posed by complex wounds, which often exhibit impaired healing capacity, high susceptibility to infection, and a significant impact on patients’ quality of life. In this context, the use of biomaterials combined with natural bioactive compounds represents a strategy capable of enhancing tissue regeneration by integrating the structural properties of the extracellular matrix (ECM) with the biological activity of natural substances. This study aimed to develop and evaluate decellularized porcine skin scaffolds functionalized with phenolic extracts and honey, exploring their applicability as a therapeutic alternative for the treatment of complex wounds. The decellularization process was performed through sequential washes with PBS, SDS, and Triton X-100. This protocol proved effective in removing cellular components while preserving ECM organization, a critical feature for maintaining the tridimensional architecture that supports cellular growth. Preservation of these structural characteristics was confirmed by histological analyses and scanning electron microscopy, which revealed well-organized collagen fibers and absence of cellular residues. Scaffold biocompatibility was assessed through in vitro assays, which demonstrated their ability to provide a favorable microenvironment for cell adhesion, proliferation, and viability, highlighting their potential for clinical applications. Subsequently, in vivo experiments were performed using a Wistar rat model, with animals allocated into three experimental groups: conventional suture (control), non-functionalized scaffold, and bioactive-functionalized scaffold. The results showed that animals treated with bioactive scaffolds exhibited approximately 30% faster wound closure compared to controls, along with a ~50% reduction in inflammatory markers. Moreover, improved organization of type I and III collagen fibers, absence of infection, and more efficient epidermal regeneration were observed, resulting in a ~40% reduction in fibrosis formation compared with the other groups. These findings underscore the relevance of combining preserved ECM architecture with the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory effects of natural compounds. In conclusion, the integration of acellular porcine-derived scaffolds with natural bioactive compounds represents an innovative, safe, and effective therapeutic strategy to accelerate wound healing and promote high-quality tissue regeneration. The results demonstrate not only the feasibility of this approach but also its translational potential, paving the way for the development of personalized therapies in the management of complex wounds. Thus, this study contributes to the advancement of regenerative medicine by supporting the design of novel biomaterials that combine sustainability, low cost, and high clinical efficacy. Keywords: Biomaterials; Regenerative medicine; Scaffold.
Bárbara de Oliveira Horvath de Oliveira Horvath Pereira
TRENDS IN MEDICAL EDUCATION IN THE AGE OF ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: AN INTEGRATIVE REVIEW
Medical education is undergoing changes resulting from the digitization of healthcare systems, advances in artificial intelligence, and the need to integrate technological and humanistic aspects into patient care. In this scenario, it is essential to rethink curricula and methodologies in medical education.The objective of this study was to review the main trends in medical education in the context of advanced technology and artificial intelligence.A narrative review of the literature was conducted using the following keywords: medical education, artificial intelligence, technology, innovation, and humanization. Articles published in national and international databases were analyzed. Four trends have stood out in contemporary medical education: (1) a humanistic approach to medical practice, with an emphasis on empathy, ethics, and interprofessional collaboration; (2) early experience and longitudinal integration, promoting early contact with patients and continuous learning; (3) the need to go beyond hospitals toward society, incorporating cultural diversity, social responsibility, and attention to community demands; and (4) student-centered learning with technological support, favoring active methodologies, personalization, collaborative interaction, and greater access to digital resources.It is concluded that medical education should integrate technological innovation and humanistic values, ensuring the training of physicians who are better prepared for complex global contexts and patient-centered care.
PHARMACEUTICAL HEMATOLOGY IN BLOOD BANKS: DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES
Hematology is the specialty that studies blood and its components, essential for the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases. Blood donation is a voluntary act that saves lives, but requires rigorous care to ensure the safety of both donor and recipient. This summary aims to highlight the importance of blood donation, the associated risks, the necessary care in handling, and the pharmacist's responsibility in this process. A bibliographic analysis of scientific articles and health guidelines on hematological practices, donation protocols, and pharmaceutical practice in blood centers and hospitals was conducted. Blood donation is essential in emergency situations, surgeries, and hematological treatments. However, diseases such as HIV, hepatitis B and C, syphilis, and Chagas disease can be transmitted without adequate screening. Safe handling includes serological testing, temperature control, proper storage, and bag traceability. Pharmacists, as qualified professionals, ensure the quality of supplies, validate processes, guide staff, and educate donors. Their ethical and technical responsibilities directly contribute to transfusion safety and risk prevention. Blood donation is one of the main pillars of public health, and its success depends on safe practices and trained professionals. Pharmacists play a strategic role in the blood supply chain, ensuring that each stage from collection to clinical use is carried out with excellence and responsibility. Raising awareness of the importance of blood banks and continuously improving professionals and services are essential to strengthening public confidence in the role of pharmacists in hematology, as well as ensuring the desired therapeutic efficacy.
Update on Venous Leg Ulcers: An Integrative Review
Introduction: Venous Leg Ulcer (VLU) is one of the main consequences of Chronic Venous Insufficiency (CVI) and Venous Hypertension. It develops due to retrograde blood flow and/or obstruction of vessels in the lower limbs, leading to infection or impaired wound healing. This occurs not only because of poor blood circulation, but also due to the presence of a pro-inflammatory environment, which makes the healing process difficult and prolonged¹. Consequently, the disease presents a high recurrence rate, reaching up to 70% within the first months of healing² and approximately 7% after five years or more³. Moreover, Latin America has the highest prevalence of patients with CVI who currently have or have previously had VLU, when compared to Asia, Western and Eastern Europe¹. The most affected population includes women and the elderly, as well as individuals with low income and limited education. Objective: To highlight the current knowledge regarding Venous Leg Ulcers. Methodology: This is an integrative review based on 4 scientific articles. The database used was PubMed. Inclusion criteria comprised publications no older than five years, freely accessible, and available in Portuguese or English. Articles that did not address the central research question — “What is the current understanding of venous leg ulcers?” — were excluded. Discussion: Initially, VLU manifests as microvaricosities, primarily affecting the medial region of the lower limbs. Common symptoms include pruritus with or without skin rash, acute pain, nocturnal cramps, and edema. During ulcer formation, lesions typically appear superficial, irregular, and well-defined. Compression therapy, using stockings or bandages, is recommended as the primary treatment. Additionally, topical dressings, limb elevation, mobility, hydration, and physical exercise are advised as complementary measures¹,²,³. Conclusion: VLU significantly impacts individuals’ quality of life, affecting emotional, physical, and social well-being. Physical limitations, pain, suffering, stigma, and the appearance of the lesion may lead to feelings of shame or the need to conceal the condition, resulting in social withdrawal. Consequently, many individuals refrain from seeking professional assistance and appropriate treatment²,⁴.
RISK ASSOCIATED WITH THE HIGH CONSUMPTION OF ULTRA-PROCESSED FOODS AND LOW INTAKE OF UNPROCESSED FOODS: A LONGITUDINAL ANALYSIS.
Dietary habits are frequently reported as determinants of health over time, including high consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF) and low intake of unprocessed foods, as potential risk factors for quality of life (QoL). Based on this, our objective was to evaluate the association between regular UPF consumption and irregular intake of fruits and/or fruit salads, vegetables, and legumes with self-reported QoL among staff of the Federal Network of Professional, Scientific, and Technological Education (RFEPCT) in Brazil. This is a longitudinal study using a database entitled Quality of Life in Education in Brazil (QoLe-BRA). The first data collection in 2022 included 1,563 staff members, with 600 responding again in 2023. The questionnaires administered were the National School Health Survey (PeNSE) (dietary questions) and the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-bref) (quality of life). Both questionnaires are validated instruments. Dietary questions were analyzed based on consumption over the past seven days, with irregular consumption defined as 0–4 days and regular consumption as 5–7 days. Statistical analysis was conducted by calculating relative risk using the Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) method, with a Poisson regression model and robust variance. Initially, the median scores of the WHOQOL-bref domains—physical, psychological, social relationships, environment, and total score—were calculated to define cut-off points for ‘high’ and ‘low’ QoL, with the latter used as the outcome in statistical analyses. Results showed that female participants had a higher risk of low QoL in the physical (RR = 1.19; p = 0.004) and psychological (RR = 1.17; p = 0.021) domains compared to males. Staff aged 60 years or older showed a lower risk of low QoL in the psychological domain (RR = 0.63; p = 0.021), indicating advanced age as a protective factor. Regular UPF consumption was associated with higher risk of low QoL in the physical (RR = 1.27; p < 0.001), psychological (RR = 1.19; p = 0.003), environment (RR = 1.13; p = 0.049) domains and total score (RR = 1.17; p = 0.020). Regular fast food consumption was also linked to higher risk of low QoL in the physical domain (RR = 1.29; p = 0.047). Regarding unprocessed foods, irregular consumption of vegetables and/or legumes increased the risk of low QoL across all domains: physical (RR = 1.20; p = 0.001), psychological (RR = 1.23; p < 0.001), social relationships (RR = 1.14; p = 0.005), and environment (RR = 1.23; p = 0.001). Similarly, irregular consumption of fresh fruits or fruit salads was associated with higher risk of low QoL in four domains: physical (RR = 1.18; p = 0.002), psychological (RR = 1.13; p = 0.009), environment (RR = 1.13; p = 0.014), and total score (RR = 1.13; p = 0.012). Regular consumption of UPF and low intake of fruits, fruit salads, vegetables, and/or legumes were associated with worse QoL, highlighting the importance of adopting healthy eating habits to promote staff well-being.
THE IMPACT OF ON INTESTINAL MICROBIOA AND ITS RELANTIONSHIP WITH IMMUNE HEALTH
Introduction: Unconventional Food Plants (PANCs), are a diverse food alternative, rich in nutrients and bioactive compounds that modulate the intestinal microbiota and promote the body's immune health. Given this, PANCs contain probiotic fibers that promote gastrointestinal balance through the presence of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory substances. However, there are still few studies addressing the active use of these foods, limiting people's understanding and knowledge of this topic. Objective: To expand knowledge about PANCs in the field of health, exploring their impact on the intestinal microbiota and, consequently, on the immune system. Methodology: A literature review was conducted with studies collected from PubMed, SciElo, and Google Scholar, using the health sciences descriptors (DeCS): “Gastrointestinal Microbiome,” “Immune Response” and “Medicinal Plants”. Seven studies conducted between 2016 and 2021 were included, excluding abstracts and mini-reviews. Results: PANCs are rich in fiber, vitamins, minerals, and bioactive compounds that allow them to play an antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, and anti-inflammatory role. Given this, they act positively in modulating the intestinal microbiota and increasing the bioavailability of nutrients, allowing for body weight control. In addition, PANCs play a crucial role in immune modulation, since a well-functioning digestive system maintains the integrity of the intestinal barrier, reducing toxin permeability and excessive activation of the innate immune system. This leads to lower production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, allowing anti-inflammatory action that improves the body's metabolic activity. However, despite the benefits of these foods, there are insufficient studies on their nutritional potential and their uses for health promotion, limiting further exploration of the topic. Conclusion: PANCs have high nutritional and therapeutic value, contributing to health promotion through their beneficial effects on the regulation of the intestinal microbiota and anti-inflammatory action in the gastrointestinal tract. However, further studies are needed to explore this topic more fully and use it as a beneficial resource in the health system.
Effects of Nutritional Status and Nutritional Intervention with Whey Protein on the Cardiovascular Hemodynamic Response in Patients with Severe COPD.
This comparative review synthesizes evidence from five studies examining the interplay between nutritional status, cardiovascular hemodynamics and whey protein supplementation in severe COPD. Observational data indicate that malnutrition correlates with reduced peak VO₂ and lower O₂ pulse during cardiopulmonary exercise testing, reflecting impaired cardiovascular efficiency (Shan et al., 2015). Biomarker studies demonstrate dysregulation of the endothelial nitric oxide pathway — including increased ADMA/SDMA and altered nitrite/nitrate ratios — which parallels airway inflammation and may underlie systemic vascular dysfunction (Csoma et al., 2019). Randomized interventions using whey-based supplements report consistent gains in fat-free mass, muscle strength and exercise capacity, along with significant reductions in pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF-α, with effects amplified when supplementation is paired with pulmonary rehabilitation (Ahmadi et al., 2020; Sugawara et al., 2012; Zong et al., 2023). Despite promising trends, most trials were short (8–12 weeks), included small samples and seldom assessed direct cardiac hemodynamic endpoints such as cardiac output, flow-mediated dilation or heart-rate variability. Collectively, current evidence supports a link between poor nutritional status and adverse exercise-related hemodynamic surrogates, and suggests whey protein can attenuate systemic inflammation and improve functional cardiovascular parameters. Larger, longer randomized studies incorporating direct hemodynamic measures and comprehensive inflammatory profiling are needed to confirm cardioprotective effects.
ECTODERMAL DYSPLASIA: CLINICAL AND THERAPEUTIC ASPECTS IN A LITERATURE REVIEW
Ectodermal dysplasia (ED) comprises a rare and heterogeneous group of genetic conditions, characterized by alterations in the development of at least two ectoderm-derived structures, namely: dentition, hair, nails, and sweat glands. The present study aims to conduct a literature review on the subject, highlighting its clinical aspects and the relevance of a multidisciplinary approach in patient management. Articles were searched in the PubMed, SciELO, and Google Scholar databases, which provided the basis to emphasize the need for dental practice to be integrated into multidisciplinary treatment. Ectodermal dysplasia represents a complex genetic disorder whose management requires an integrated approach from professionals such as dermatologists, endocrinologists, and psychologists, among others. Although there is no curative treatment for ED, dentists must be able to recognize the characteristic signs of the syndrome, facilitating early diagnosis. Once confirmed, it is essential that the patient be monitored by a multiprofessional team to ensure functional, emotional, and quality of life improvements. Therefore, dentistry plays a central role in developing individualized oral rehabilitation strategies for each stage of development, contributing to the restoration of self-esteem and the social inclusion of affected individuals.
Júlia Boaventura Teixeira Brzezinski Cunha
IMPACTS OF OXIDATIVE STRESS ON CELLULAR AGING
Oxidative stress accelerates cellular aging by damaging essential cell structures. This summary aims to describe the mechanisms and impacts of oxidative stress on cellular aging. This is a narrative literature review conducted through searches in the PubMed and SciELO databases. Articles published in the last five years that addressed the proposed topic were included, excluding those that did not meet the established criteria. There are several sources of free radicals, such as normal cellular metabolism, UV radiation, smoking, and poor diet. When free radicals are in excess and are not neutralized, they damage essential cell components such as lipids, proteins, and DNA. Lipid peroxidation generates toxic aldehydes, while proteins undergo modifications that compromise their functions. ROS can damage DNA, causing mutations and base modifications that disrupt genetic information and integrity. By attacking the DNA base guanine, oxidative stress directly damages telomeres and accelerates shortening, contributing to aging. An excess of these substances causes mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, and chronic inflammation (SASP). Excess ROS compromises mitochondrial function, damaging structures, which reduces energy production and promotes cellular senescence. At the same time, an imbalance in the gut microbiota intensifies oxidative stress and promotes low-grade chronic inflammation, in addition to increasing intestinal permeability and the translocation of endotoxins into the circulation. The body uses antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) to neutralize reactive oxygen species. Molecules such as glutathione, vitamins C and E, and polyphenols also act as barriers against oxidative damage. These mechanisms preserve lipids, proteins, and DNA, slowing cellular aging and pointing to the importance of therapeutic strategies involving antioxidant substances.
Stephanie Lorrane Fernandes Lorrane Fernandes Melo
ABDOMINAL AORTIC ANEURYSM: AN ANALYSIS AND COMPARISON OF OPEN SURGERY AND ENDOVASCULAR REPAIR
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a condition that is usually asymptomatic and potentially fatal, affecting 4.3% to 8% of men over 60 years old. It is defined as dilation of the aorta greater than or equal to 3.0 cm. There are two main surgical treatment modalities for AAA: open surgery (OS) and endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR). OS is the traditional approach, but it is more invasive and associated with greater morbidity and longer recovery. EVAR, in turn, is less invasive, with lower perioperative mortality and faster recovery, although it has been linked to higher long-term reintervention rates. Therefore, it is of great importance to compare these two approaches. The objective of this study was to compare the results of OS and EVAR in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms. This study is a literature review conducted using the National Library of Medicine (PubMed) and The New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) databases. The descriptors employed were: “Aortic Aneurysm,” “Endovascular Repair,” and “Open Surgery.” The results showed no statistically significant differences between the two techniques in terms of mortality. The 30-day mortality rate for OS was 5.0%, compared with 4.1% for EVAR. However, EVAR was associated with device-related complications such as endoleaks, endograft migration, occlusion of adjacent arterial branches and graft sealing failure, which require continuous surveillance and often additional interventions to maintain long-term effectiveness. This ongoing monitoring may affect the quality of life of patients treated with EVAR. In contrast, OS, although more invasive, generally does not require such intensive long-term follow-up once initial recovery is achieved. Patient profile also plays a crucial role in treatment choice: younger individuals with longer life expectancy and favorable anatomy may benefit more from OS due to its superior durability and lower reintervention rates, whereas EVAR is generally preferred in older patients or those with severe comorbidities who may not tolerate the stress of a more invasive surgery. In conclusion, both EVAR and OS are effective strategies for the management of AAA, each with distinct benefits and limitations. EVAR offers lower perioperative mortality and fewer short-term complications, making it an ideal option for high-risk surgical patients such as the elderly or those with significant comorbidities. However, it requires long-term surveillance due to a higher incidence of late complications and a greater need for reinterventions. In contrast, OS, although more invasive and associated with slower recovery, provides a more durable solution with lower rates of late complications and reoperations, and is often indicated for younger patients or those with complex aneurysm anatomy. The choice between EVAR and OS should be carefully based on patient profile, aneurysm characteristics, and available resources and expertise. As endovascular technology continues to advance, EVAR is expected to achieve improved long-term outcomes, making it an increasingly competitive alternative to open repair.
ACUTE ABDOMEN IN PREGNANCY: WHEN AND HOW TO OPERATE SAFELY
Introduction: Acute abdomen during pregnancy is a challenging emergency with potential maternal and fetal risks. The main surgical causes are appendicitis, biliary disease, and adnexal torsion, with laparoscopy increasingly considered safe across all trimesters when proper technical adjustments are applied. Objective: To systematically review the evidence on surgical approaches for acute abdomen in pregnant women, focusing on maternal and fetal outcomes. Methodology: A systematic review was conducted in PubMed, SciELO, and BVS databases (2000–2025). Search terms included “pregnancy,” “acute abdomen,” “laparoscopy,” “appendicitis,” “cholecystitis,” and “adnexal torsion.” We included guidelines, systematic reviews, cohorts, and relevant series. Outcomes analyzed were maternal complications, fetal loss, preterm delivery, and length of stay. Results: Evidence shows that appendectomy should not be delayed, with laparoscopy presenting outcomes comparable or superior to laparotomy. In biliary disease, laparoscopic cholecystectomy during pregnancy reduces adverse outcomes and readmissions compared to conservative management, regardless of trimester. Adnexal torsion is best treated with laparoscopic detorsion and ovarian preservation. Imaging should prioritize ultrasound and Magnetic Resonance Imaging with Computed Tomography reserved for critical cases. Guidelines (Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists) converge in recommending laparoscopy as safe in all trimesters, using 10–15 mmHg pneumoperitoneum, left lateral tilt after the first trimester, and fetal monitoring when viable. Conclusion: Surgical treatment of acute abdomen in pregnancy should not be postponed. Laparoscopy, when available and performed by experienced teams, is safe and often superior regarding recovery and recurrence prevention. Early diagnosis and appropriate imaging are essential to optimize maternal and fetal outcomes.
Paulo Henrique Ferreira Evangelista de Faria
Ysabelle de Oliveira Saraiva de Oliveira Saraiva
Olegário Indemburgo da Silva Rocha Vidal
Pharmacotherapeutic Actions of Essential Oils in Endocrine Disorders:
Introduction: Essential oils have attracted attention for their pharmacological properties, particularly regarding modulation of endocrine functions and hormonal balance. Their bioactive compounds act on metabolic and reproductive pathways, suggesting potential for complementary pharmacotherapy in endocrine disorders. Objective: This systematic review aimed to analyze the pharmacotherapeutic effects of essential oils on endocrine-related conditions, identifying biological mechanisms, clinical outcomes, and research gaps. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and SciELO databases for articles published between 2000 and 2025. Studies included preclinical and clinical research assessing the effects of essential oils on endocrine parameters. Screening followed PRISMA guidelines, and data were synthesized narratively due to heterogeneity of study designs. Results: Evidence indicated that essential oils such as lavender, clove, cinnamon, and fennel influence insulin secretion, glucose metabolism, thyroid activity, and reproductive hormones. Preclinical studies revealed antioxidant and anti-inflammatory pathways contributing to improved endocrine regulation. Clinical findings, though limited and methodologically diverse, suggested benefits in metabolic syndrome, polycystic ovary syndrome, and menopausal symptoms. Nevertheless, variations in dosage, formulations, and sample sizes restricted generalization of results. Conclusion: Essential oils represent promising adjuvant agents in endocrine pharmacotherapy, with potential applications in metabolic and reproductive disorders. However, current evidence is insufficient to establish standardized therapeutic protocols, and further well-designed clinical trials are necessary to confirm efficacy and ensure long-term safety.
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL PROFILE OF SCORPION STING ACCIDENTES IN ANÁPOLIS- GO, 2020-2025
BACKGROUND: Scorpion sting accidents remain a significant public health issue in Brazil, with over 60% of cases occurring in rural areas¹. In Anápolis, Goiás, a municipality with notable urban and rural populations, 463 cases were reported from 2020 to 2025². These incidents can progress to severe clinical conditions if not properly treated, underscoring the need to understand their epidemiological profile to enhance healthcare delivery³. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the epidemiological profile of scorpion sting accidents in Anápolis, focusing on time to medical care, victims’ educational level, and clinical outcomes. METHODS: An observational, descriptive, retrospective study based on secondary data from Brazil’s Ministry of Health DataSUS system, examining the relationship between educational level, time to seek medical care, and outcomes of cases reported from 2020 to 2025 in Anápolis, Goiás, Brazil. RESULTS: Of the 463 cases, 33.7% of victims had completed secondary education, 10% incomplete secondary, 31.5% incomplete primary, 5.6% complete primary, 6.2% completed higher education, 1% incomplete higher education, and less than 1% were illiterate. The highest proportions were among those with completed secondary and incomplete primary education. Regarding time to medical care, 27% sought care within the first hour, 35% within 3 hours, and the remainder after 3 hours, often exceeding the ideal 2-hour window⁶. Nevertheless, 461 cases (99.6%) resulted in recovery, with two deaths reported (one at 0-1 hour, another at 1-3 hours)⁴. CONCLUSION: Scorpion sting accidents affect individuals across educational levels, with higher incidence among those with completed secondary and incomplete primary education, showing no significant impact on time to seek care, even when comparing rural (lower education) and urban (higher education) areas. Socioeconomically vulnerable populations may face greater risk, possibly due to limited healthcare access⁵. Time to medical care was not the primary determinant of outcomes, as most cases resulted in recovery, but the deaths suggest the need for further studies on clinical and social factors influencing outcomes.
PERFORMANCE OF THE BIOMEDICAL IN IMAGING
Introduction: Imaging is an area in growing expansion within Biomedicine, ranging from traditional diagnostic imaging exams to advanced technological innovations in digital analysis. Participation in this sector is supported by Brazilian legislation and is strengthened by scientific advances, which demand qualified professionals to work in hospitals, clinics and research centers. Objective: To analyze the role of biomedical professionals in bioimaging. Methodology: A narrative-type literature search was carried out between June and August 2025, using the following keywords: Biomedicine (AND); (AND) Bioimaging (OR) Imaging. The searches were carried out in the databases of PubMed, SciElo, Lilacs and CAPES Journals, including complete scientific articles published in Portuguese and English, which addressed professional performance in clinical imaging, digital pathology and image analysis in research. Results: The reviewed studies demonstrate that the current legislation guarantees the presence of biomedical professionals in imaging services, expanding their performance in hospitals and clinics. In addition, international literature highlights the relevance of biomedical in the transition to digital pathology, where they perform functions from sample preparation to the interpretation of images with technological support. In the scientific environment, the role of the imaging analyst is highlighted as essential for the acquisition, processing and analysis of visual data, ensuring the quality of research results. Conclusion: The biomedical is essential in multifaceted and strategic performance, uniting clinical practice, technological innovation and science. Their participation strengthens diagnosis, contributes to advances in health and reinforces the need for continuous training.
RISK OF THROMBOEMBOLIC AND CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE USE OF COMBINED HORMONAL CONTRACEPTIVES
Introduction: The use of combined hormonal contraceptives is associated with an increased risk of thromboembolic events, especially venous thrombosis. Objective: This analysis of the epidemiological and risk situation reviews evidence from case-control studies, cohorts, and systematic reviews, focusing on articles that assess the impact of combined oral contraceptives (COCs) on the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE), myocardial infarction, and ischemic stroke. Methodology: The authors selected data from multiple sources, including the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CD011054), scientific articles, and clinical guidelines, extracting information on the type of progestogen, ethinyl estradiol dose, and individual risk factors. Results: The analysis shows that the relative risk of VTE in COC users is 2 to 9 times higher than in non-users, with an estimated absolute risk of approximately 3.5 to 10 cases per 10,000 woman-years. Third- and fourth-generation COCs (such as those containing desogestrel, gestodene, or drospirenone) have a 50–80% higher risk of VTE compared to second-generation COCs (containing levonorgestrel). The risk also increases with ethinyl estradiol doses above 50 µg. In addition, COC use is associated with a two- to three-fold increased risk of ischemic stroke, especially in women with risk factors such as hypertension, smoking, or migraine with aura. The mechanism involves changes in hemostasis, with an increase in procoagulant factors (such as factor VII, X, and fibrinogen) and a reduction in coagulation inhibitors. Despite the methodological limitations of some studies, such as selection bias and inaccurate classification of exposure, the data are consistent in demonstrating a significant increase in cardiovascular risk. Currently, guidelines such as those from the US MEC and EULAR recommend individualized risk profile assessment before prescribing. The authors conclude that, although combined hormonal contraceptives are highly effective, their use requires careful assessment of thrombotic risk factors, prioritizing lower-risk formulations and non-combined alternatives in women with comorbidities or genetic predisposition.
USE OF OZEMPIC FOR WEIGHT LOSS IN NON-DIABETIC INDIVIDUALS: ETHICAL AND HEALTH IMPLICATIONS
Obesity, recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a multifactorial disease with genetic and environmental influences, represents a serious global public health issue. Its strong association with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) highlights the relevance of antidiabetic medications such as semaglutide, not only for glycemic control but also for inducing weight loss. Semaglutide, with proven efficacy in reducing body weight, has been approved for the treatment of obesity, including in individuals without T2DM. However, the increasing "off-label" use for aesthetic purposes raises significant concerns regarding the risks, adverse effects, and consequences of indiscriminate use. This is a literature review conducted through research in databases such as Google Scholar, Scielo, and PubMed, covering publications from the last eight years. Included materials were randomized clinical trials, systematic reviews, regulatory agency opinions (such as Anvisa), and medical opinion articles that addressed the use of medications like semaglutide for aesthetic purposes. The keywords used were: "semaglutide," "weight loss," "diabetes pen," and "obesity." Weight gain is intrinsically linked to a higher risk of serious comorbidities such as hypertension and T2DM, driving interest in the development of non-invasive pharmacological therapies to combat obesity. Ozempic (semaglutide), a GLP-1 receptor agonist, has demonstrated efficacy in controlling postprandial glucose metabolism and reducing body weight. It works by decreasing appetite and hunger, increasing satiety, modifying food preferences, and limiting caloric intake. The ease of access and rapid results encourage the indiscriminate use of these medications for weight loss. However, this underscores the need for nutritional monitoring and an approach focused on healthy weight loss that does not rely solely on pharmacological treatment due to potential long-term side effects. Therefore, the medication should not be considered the only solution for obesity. Adopting a healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet and regular exercise, is essential to achieve lasting results. Semaglutide, while effective in weight loss and metabolic control, requires ethical rigor and clinical support in its use. Obesity, as a multifactorial condition with a significant impact on public health, demands interventions that go beyond isolated pharmacotherapy, requiring a multidisciplinary team for dietary re-education, promotion of physical activity, and behavioral modification. In this context, the medicalization of weight loss without proper professional follow-up can lead to long-term adverse effects and compromise the sustainability of results. Furthermore, additional research is crucial to deepen the understanding of semaglutide’s mechanisms of action and its long-term clinical impact.
DAMAGE CONTROL ORTHOPEDICS VS. EARLY TOTAL CARE: A DYNAMIC APPROACH FOR POLYTRAUMA PATIENTS
Introduction: Damage control orthopedics (DCO) is a strategy used in surgeries with polytrauma patients, especially those with multiple injuries. It involves using temporary measures to quickly stabilize long bone fractures, perform pelvic mechanical compression, skeletal traction, and fracture fixation. The study compares two main approaches: DCO and early total care (ETC), promoting discussion of the clinical and laboratory criteria that guide medical decision-making. Objective: This study aims to enhance the understanding of trauma management through featured articles in the Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, with a focus on improving patient care and providing healthcare professionals with more information. Methods: The study is a narrative review of the literature on DCO in multiple trauma, providing a critical synthesis and update based on existing evidence, including international consensus and clinical experience. Results: The research highlights the need for a better understanding of the stress responses of trauma patients in order to reduce complication rates and suggests new treatment opportunities based on each patient's physiological tolerance to injury. It emphasizes that ETC allows for a more individualized approach to the individual. In addition, the article proposes an algorithm based on each patient's state of recovery in order to divide them and thus recommend the most appropriate course of action. Conclusions: It is concluded that the decision between using DCO or ETC in polytrauma patients should be guided by the patient's state of recovery, and not only by the severity of bone trauma. In summary, the ideal orthopedic management in multiple trauma is individualized, dynamic, and multidisciplinary, prioritizing patient stability to reduce complications and provide better results.
FROM GENETICS TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: APPLICABILITY OF POLYGENIC RISK IN CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
Introduction: According to the Brazilian Society of Cardiology, Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is characterized by partial or total obstruction of blood flow through the coronary arteries, usually due to atherosclerosis, and is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Therefore, CAD has a multifactorial etiology, involving traditional risk factors and environmental factors. Furthermore, the role of genetic inheritance in CAD susceptibility has been demonstrated. Thus, polygenic risk scores (PRSs) represent the sum of multiple common genetic variants that can predispose to the development of a given disease. In that regard, this presents a promising strategy for developing personalized strategies to prevent or diagnose specific pathologies early. This extract analyzes how PRSs can improve the prediction and prevention of CAD, positively impacting the costs and adverse effects associated with the disease. Objective: To analyze how polygenic risk can improve the prediction and prevention of coronary artery disease, analyzing how this concept can be applied in clinical practice. Methodology: This is a simple summary, using the ScienceDirect, National Library of Medicine (PubMed), and Virtual Health Library (VHL) databases. For the literature search, the following Health Sciences Descriptors were used: Coronary Artery Disease; Genetic Risk Score; Risk Factors; and Genome, Human. These were combined using the Boolean operator "AND." Based on this, 6,224 articles were found. From this, 6,224 articles were found and, after applying the inclusion criteria, last 5 years: 2,864; full text available for free: 1,407; and the exclusion criteria: type of study: 214; reading of the title and abstract: 32; and those that responded to the objective: 5. Results: Identifying individuals at high risk of developing CAD is crucial, as it allows for the implementation of primary prevention strategies. In this regard, high PRS values ​​have been associated with a significantly increased risk of CAD. Furthermore, identifying young individuals with an extremely high PRS, before the occurrence of clinical manifestations, may be beneficial for implementing early interventions in clinical practice, such as the use of statins and intensive lifestyle changes, preventing the occurrence of a first CAD event. Furthermore, the combined PRS has been shown to be a more reliable predictor of CAD compared to several well-established risk factors, including high cholesterol and hypertension. Despite this, PRS does not take into account key factors involved in the development of a disease, such as environmental influences. Then, PRS cannot replace traditional risk factors in predicting the likelihood of CAD. Conclusion: Therefore, polygenic risk scores represent a promising advance in coronary artery disease risk stratification, complementing traditional models, especially in younger and intermediate-risk populations. In this regard, they contribute to the implementation of personalized prevention, enhancing early interventions. Despite this, limitations remain, particularly regarding population diversity, ethics, and practical feasibility.
ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF HORMONE THERAPY ON THE QUALITY OF LIVE OF WOMEN WITH BREAST CANCER
Introduction: Breast cancer is the most prevalent malignant tumor and the most frequently diagnosed among women. It presents different biological subtypes, among which the hormone receptor-positive is particularly relevant. The standard adjuvant treatment to reduce the risk of recurrence and mortality for this subtype is endocrine therapy. This therapy has proven efficacy and is recommended for continuous use for a minimum of five years. However, given its importance, it is necessary to assess the well-being of the patients who use it. Objective: To evaluate the impact of hormone therapy on the quality of life of women with breast cancer. Methods: This is an integrative literature review based on scientific studies in the English language from the Virtual Health Library (VHL) and PubMed virtual databases, published within the last 5 years (2020-2025). Eleven primary studies, quantitative or qualitative, were selected, which directly addressed the impacts on the quality of life during endocrine therapy in women with breast cancer. Scientific articles that were literature reviews, meta-analyses, duplicate articles, or that did not address these impacts were excluded. The Health Sciences Descriptors (DeCS) used were: “Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal”, “Breast Neoplasms” and “Quality of Life”. Results: This review observed that hormone therapy significantly impacts the quality of life of the women who use it, leading to a reduction in their well-being. This impact is mainly related to the side effects associated with the therapy, which, despite being low-grade, can deteriorate quality of life by persisting over time. Among the adverse events reported in the included studies, one article identified vasomotor symptoms, urinary symptoms, headaches, ocular toxicity, metabolic disorders such as weight gain, concerns regarding fertility, and nausea and vomiting. Insomnia and bone loss were reported in two studies; mood swings and cognitive difficulties, especially those related to memory and language, in three; and fatigue, sexual dysfunction, and gynecological symptoms in four. However, the most frequently reported adverse effects were hot flashes, psychological disorders, and musculoskeletal symptoms, which were observed in seven, six, and five studies, respectively. Conclusions: Therefore, although hormone therapy confers beneficial effects on breast cancer control, this review demonstrates that the therapy unfavorably impacts the quality of life of women undergoing treatment, affecting the physical, psychological/emotional, social, and functional domains. In this context, considering that this treatment is essential for a good prognosis, it becomes imperative to implement strategies to promote and support patients. These strategies should aim to precociously identify the different symptoms that may arise, to mitigate suffering during treatment, and to prevent low adherence to or discontinuation of endocrine therapy.
HEALTH PROMOTION, CARE AND SOCIAL AWARENESS AMONG HOMELESS PEOPLE: AN EXPERIENCE REPORT OF MEDICAL STUDENTS
Introduction: Academic activities that bring students closer to contexts of social vulnerability provide opportunities for health promotion in non-conventional settings and for development of empathy and caregiving skills. In Anápolis (GO), actions were carried out with the homeless population, offering food, clothing, and bathing facilities, as well as opportunities for dialogue, active listening, and emotional support. Objective: This report describes the experience of medical students from UniEVANGÉLICA in educational activities with people experiencing homelessness, aiming to promote health education, strengthen bonds, foster empathy and social responsibility, while also encouraging critical thinking and the humanized practice of care. Methods: The activities took place biweekly, on Fridays, with homeless the individuals. At each meeting, in addition to the distribution of meals and clothing, students performed blood pressure measurement and organized discussion circles on relevant topics such as the prevention of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), personal hygiene, alcohol and drug use, wound care, and self-care. These actions were designed to encourage the adoption of healthy habits, stimulate attention to one’s own health, and provide practical guidance, fostering interaction, dialogue, and mutual learning. Results: It was observed that, beyond interest in health guidance, participants especially valued moments of conversation and listening. Many shared difficult life experiences and expressed satisfaction upon receiving attention, care, and genuine interest from the students. The actions enabled not only the transmission of health information but also the creation of affective and trust-based bonds between volunteers and the assisted population. Conclusion: The experience provided UniEVANGÉLICA medical students with direct exposure to the reality of homelessness, fostering empathy, social responsibility, and commitment to health promotion. At the same time, it offered participants moments of care, listening, and learning, strengthening the students’ comprehensive and humanized education.
DIAGNOSIS AND SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF INCARCERATED OR STRANGULATED HERNIAS
Introduction. Incarcerated and strangulated hernias are severe surgical emergencies frequently encountered by general and critical care surgeons. Immediate recognition is essential to prevent complications such as necrosis of abdominal organs and to reduce associated mortality. Although much of the literature addresses elective hernia repair, there is a growing need for evidence-based guidelines for urgent management. Objective. To analyze the main aspects of clinical and radiological diagnosis and to discuss current surgical management strategies for incarcerated or strangulated hernias, highlighting challenges, therapeutic options, and outcomes. Methods. A narrative literature review was conducted through searches in PubMed and the Virtual Health Library (BVS). Controlled DeCS/MeSH descriptors were used, including Emergency Service, General Surgery, and Hernia. Articles published from 2020 onward, in English, addressing the diagnosis and surgical management of incarcerated or strangulated hernias were included. Reviews, clinical trials, and relevant case series were selected after initial screening. Results. Laparoscopic repair demonstrated outcomes comparable to open repair in terms of complications and recurrence but was associated with less residual pain, improved long-term quality of life, and shorter hospital stay. Risk factors for strangulation and mortality included higher ASA scores, signs of acute abdomen, delayed hospital admission, and laboratory abnormalities such as elevated lactate, procalcitonin, and creatinine. Early intervention (< 6 hours from symptom onset) significantly reduced the need for bowel resection. Mesh repair was associated with lower recurrence, though with variable results regarding surgical site infection. Conclusion. Early diagnosis of incarcerated or strangulated hernias, combined with timely surgical intervention, is crucial to reduce severe complications and mortality. Clinical and radiological evaluation guides decision-making, while the choice between open and laparoscopic approaches should consider organ viability and contamination risk. Despite advances, controversies remain regarding mesh use and laparoscopic approaches in emergency settings, reinforcing the need for evidence-based protocols to optimize surgical outcomes.
Principles of Facial Hygiene: Strategies for Preserving Dermatological Health
INTRODUCTION: Skin care goes far beyond aesthetics: it is also about preserving your skin's health, well-being, and natural functionality. Daily facial cleansing, when done correctly and with the right products, is one of the most important steps in this process. On a daily basis, the skin on your face is constantly exposed to pollutants, makeup, oiliness, and solar radiation—elements that, when accumulated, can trigger various dermatological problems. Removing these impurities not only prevents conditions such as acne and irritation, but also contributes to a more uniform and vibrant appearance of the skin. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to investigate how facial cleansing, when integrated into a well-structured and a personalized routine, positively influences the maintenance of skin health, vitality, physiological balance, and resistance to external environmental aggressions. METHOD: A literature review was conducted based on recent scientific studies, focusing on articles in the fields of dermatology and aesthetics. The analysis criteria included the correct choice of cleansing products, the ideal frequency of use, the method of application, and the importance of photoprotection after daily facial cleansing. RESULTS: The literature reviewed reinforces that a routine that includes cleansing, moisturizing, and daily sun protection makes a difference not only in skin health but also in its resistance to external factors. Products tailored to each skin type tend to produce better results, especially when combined with continuous use of sunscreen and maintenance of skin pH. These measures, taken together, promote skin balance and integrity.
Impacts of Abusive Relationships on Women's Mental Health
This study aimed to understand the psychological and emotional impacts of abusive relationships on the mental health of women in situations of financial and emotional dependence. The research was conducted through a systematic review of qualitative nature, analyzing scientific articles published in the last ten years in databases such as SciELO, PubMed, and the CAPES Journals Portal, in addition to official documents related to violence against women. Inclusion criteria considered exclusively the female population and studies addressing gender-based violence and mental health. The results highlighted the main psychological damages experienced by women in abusive relationships, such as depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, social isolation, and feelings of guilt, as well as the factors that hinder the breaking of the cycle of violence, including emotional and financial dependence. The study is justified by the social and academic relevance of the theme, since violence against women constitutes a global public health problem and demands greater visibility of its psychological consequences, contributing to the development of public policies and more effective psychosocial support and intervention strategies.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN NUTRITIONAL PROFILE AND MULTIMORBIDITY IN PATIENTS WITH MORBID OBESITY
Severe obesity is strongly associated with a higher prevalence of chronic diseases and health complications, leading to increased rates of multimorbidity. Nutritional status plays a key role in the development and progression of these conditions; however, evidence linking nutritional profile and multimorbidity in severely obese populations is still scarce. This ongoing observational study aims to investigate the association between nutritional profile and multimorbidity in adults with severe obesity. A cross-sectional design will be conducted with patients recruited from the public healthcare system, based on referrals provided by the State Health Department. Data collection will include sociodemographic characteristics, clinical history, anthropometric measures, dietary intake, and biochemical parameters. Multimorbidity will be defined as the presence of two or more chronic conditions, and its association with nutritional indicators will be analyzed using descriptive statistics and multivariate regression models. As data collection is in progress, preliminary findings are expected to provide insights into nutritional risk factors related to multimorbidity in this population. The results will contribute to improving clinical management and guiding public health strategies targeting individuals with morbid obesity.
Ana Carolina Silveira Matias de Carvalho
Introduction: Hematology is a fundamental area of Biomedicine that studies blood, its components and related diseases. The performance of the biomedical in hematology is essential for the diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of various hematological pathologies, such as anemia, leukemia, and coagulation disorders. The biomedical performs laboratory analyses that provide crucial data for clinical decision-making, contributing directly to the patient's health. The importance of this action has been widely recognized, highlighting the need for in-depth technical and scientific knowledge. Objective: To conduct a bibliographic study on the performance of biomedical professionals in hematology, highlighting their responsibilities, competencies and the relevance of this profession in the context of public and private health. Methodology: A narrative literature search was carried out between March and May 2025, using the SciELO, Science Direct, and NHS Healthcare Careers databases. The keywords used were: "biomedical", "hematology", "laboratory analysis", "hematological diagnosis" and "health science". Complete scientific articles, reviews and institutional documents published in Portuguese and English that addressed the professional performance of biomedical professionals in hematology were selected. Results: The research showed that the biomedical in hematology plays a crucial role in performing laboratory tests that evaluate blood parameters, such as blood count, coagulogram, hemoglobin dosage and identification of abnormal cells. The biomedical doctor is responsible for the analysis and interpretation of the results, ensuring the quality and reliability of laboratory data, which are essential for the accurate diagnosis and therapeutic follow-up of patients. In addition, the biomedical professional works in the implementation of quality control protocols and in the validation of new diagnostic methods, contributing to the innovation and safety of laboratory procedures. Their work involves collaboration in multiprofessional teams, participating in clinical discussions and assisting in the definition of therapeutic strategies. The biomedical in hematology must possess advanced technical skills, knowledge in molecular biology and immunology, as well as be up to date with emerging laboratory technologies. Continuous training is essential to keep up with innovations in the area and ensure excellence in patient care. A recent study highlights the importance of the role of biomedical professionals in transfusion hematology, emphasizing their role in ensuring transfusion safety and in the management of blood banks. The professional must master technical and ethical skills for effective performance in this sub-area, reinforcing the need for constant updating and specialization. Conclusion: The biomedical doctor in hematology is an indispensable professional for the diagnosis and treatment of blood diseases, acting with technical and scientific responsibility. Their contribution is vital to the quality of laboratory services and to positive clinical outcomes. The appreciation and recognition of this performance are fundamental for the advancement of Biomedicine and for the improvement of public health.
Alexandra Steffany Ferreira de Souza Marques
DIABETES MELLITUS: CAUSES, COMPLICATIONS, TREATMENT, AND STRATEGIES FOR EFFECTIVE PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF THE DISEASE
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) characterized by high blood glucose levels resulting from insulin inefficiency in tissues or insufficient insulin production by the pancreas, affecting approximately 13 million people in Brazil. The 2023 Surveillance of Risk and Protective Factors for Chronic Diseases (Vigitel) indicates that 10.1% of the adult population has diabetes, causing negative impacts on the physical and economic health of citizens, with estimated costs of R$ 27 billion by 2030. The objective of the study was to analyze diabetes, addressing its causes, complications, and forms of treatment, with an emphasis on prevention and control of the disease. The methodology used for this study was an integrative literature review, with analysis of scientific articles published in the PubMed, SciELO, and Ministry of Health databases, with publications from 2020 to 2025. The results and discussion show that diabetes mellitus is one of the main causes of serious complications, such as cardiovascular disease, kidney failure, retinopathy and neuropathy, and amputations, highlighting the urgency of early diagnosis. Diabetes is divided into three main types: type 2 diabetes, the most common, when the body develops insulin resistance; type 1, when the pancreas cannot produce enough insulin; and gestational diabetes, which appears during pregnancy, increasing a woman's risk of developing type 2 diabetes after delivery. Diabetes has multiple causes, including both environmental factors linked to the disease and genetic factors, which vary depending on the specific type of diabetes. The most prominent symptoms are constant hunger and thirst, frequent urination, blurred vision, fatigue, or extreme tiredness, among others. Diabetes mellitus is diagnosed through blood tests that measure glucose (sugar) in the body, primarily fasting blood glucose, the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Therefore, starting in July 2024, the Brazilian Diabetes Society (SBD) included the 1-hour oral glucose tolerance test in the diabetes mellitus diagnostic algorithm. Treatment involves patients with Type 1 diabetes who require daily insulin injections to maintain blood glucose levels within normal limits. For those with Type 2 diabetes, treatment involves metformin monotherapy or other medications to prevent complications. However, treatment goes beyond pharmacological use; prevention strategies such as physical activity, a healthy diet, and cognitive-behavioral therapy are important for maintaining normal blood glucose levels, as they improve insulin sensitivity and help regulate blood glucose levels. Advanced therapies, such as SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists, complement these treatments. It is concluded that diabetes is a complex disease that requires treatment that not only seeks glycemic control but also the prevention and management of associated risk factors. Accurate diagnosis is essential for understanding the prognosis and choosing the appropriate treatment.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SARCOPENIA, HORMONAL CHANGES AND QUALITY OF LIFE AND THEIR FUNCTIONAL IMPLICATIONS IN THE AGING PROCESS: AN INTEGRATIVE REVIEW
INTRODUCTION: Sarcopenia is a multifactorial condition closely related to the aging process, being characterized by progressive and involuntary loss of muscle mass and strength. This syndrome results from a set of interconnected factors, such as sedentary lifestyle, inadequate nutritional intake, oxidative stress and hormonal changes. Its effects significantly compromise the functional autonomy of the elderly, making it difficult to perform daily activities and increasing the risk of dependence, in addition to the need for prolonged care. OBJECTIVE: In this context, this work aims to analyze the influence of hormonal changes on the development of sarcopenia and its impacts on the functionality and quality of life of the elderly. METHODOLOGY: This is an integrative literature review, the search followed the PICo strategy and was carried out on bases such as PubMed, SciELO and VHL, with rigorous inclusion and exclusion criteria. Of the 282 results, only 5 met the study criteria. RESULTS: The analyzed studies show that sarcopenia is directly related to hormonal changes, such as the reduction of testosterone and IGF-1, in addition to the increase in inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, which ends up resulting in the intensification of muscle degradation. As a consequence, there is a significant loss in the functionality and autonomy of the elderly, compromising basic daily activities. In addition, there is a negative impact on quality of life, especially on physical aspects and general health status. Therefore, the authors converge by recommending integrated interventions, such as resistance exercise, nutritional supplementation and, when necessary, hormonal therapies, as effective strategies for the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that hormonal changes exert a significant influence on the development and progression of sarcopenia, directly compromising the functionality and quality of life of the elderly. In this sense, integrated interventions - such as physical exercise, nutritional supplementation and hormonal therapies - are fundamental for the prevention and effective management of this condition in the aging process.
FOOD CHOICES: REGULAR CONSUMPTION OF ULTRA-PROCESSED AND HEALTHY FOODS BY EDUCATION WORKERS
Introduction: The increased consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) is concerning due to their negative health effects. In contrast, dietary patterns that prioritize fresh or minimally processed foods have been shown to be beneficial. Analyzing these practices is essential to developing effective public health care and prevention strategies. Objective: To associate regular consumption of ultra-processed/industrialized salty foods and healthy foods among employees of the Federal Network for Professional, Scientific, and Technological Education (RFEPCT). Method: Method: This cross-sectional epidemiological study employed a quantitative approach and was carried out in November 2022 after receiving approval from the Research Ethics Committee (protocol number 5,270,596). The sample consisted of 1,563 RFEPCT professionals, including teachers and TAE. Sociodemographic variables and the PeNSE questionnaire were analyzed. Consumption of sweets or healthy foods on ≥5 days per week was considered regular (CR), while consumption on ≤4 days per week was considered irregular (CI). The effect measure used was the prevalence ratio (PR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: The CR of ultra-processed/industrialized salty foods was positively associated in the South (p = 0.019) and Southeast (p = 0.025) regions, teaching positions (p = 0.029), and master's degrees (p = 0.024); and negatively with the 48-60 age group (p = 0.008). We also observed a positive association with the CR of fresh fruits (p <0.001) and vegetables (p <0.010). We found no associations with female gender (p = 0.524), divorced/widowed marital status (p = 0.582), or rural area (p = 0.832). Conclusion: The findings suggest that the eating habits of RFEPCT professionals may be influenced by social conditions and occupational characteristics. Therefore, it is crucial to implement institutional initiatives that promote healthier food choices and contribute to health equity in the workplace.
PREVALENCE OF SPASTICITY AND WEAKNESS IN PATIENTS WITH CEREBRAL PALSY: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Introduction: Cerebral palsy refers to a permanent condition in which there is dysfunction of tone, movement, or posture. It is a disease that does not progress, but due to neuroplasticity, the prognosis can change according to the child's development 1,2. Children may have compromised motor areas, developing spasticity and muscle weakness. This impairment causes increased excursion of the point of gravity, mainly due to spasticity, muscles shortened to the size of the bones, and hip dysplasia, which mainly promote muscle weakness3 .Patients with cerebral palsy can be classified according to spasticity criteria as hemiplegic, diplegic, or quadriplegic 4,5 .During a physiatry residency at the CRER rehabilitation hospital, it was observed that there was a risk of loss of strength after botulinum toxin injections in patients with spasticity in cerebral palsy, as there is a still unclear gap between the higher prevalence of spasticity and/or weakness in patients with cerebral palsy. Objective: To investigate the interaction between muscle strength and spasticity in hemiplegic and diplegic children with cerebral palsy classified as I-III according to the GMFCS motor scale. Factors such as botulinum toxin, tendon tenotomy surgeries, and patients undergoing physical therapy will be considered. Methods: An observational, cross-sectional, analytical field study will be conducted. The sample will include 30 ambulatory participants with hemiplegic and diplegic cerebral palsy, regardless of gender, aged 8 to 18 years, and with a good level of comprehension. The study will be conducted at the CRER hospital, where patients will be selected through medical records through a convenience sample. Participants will then be assessed for strength using a SP-TECH dynamometer, spasticity, the Ashworth scale, and botulinum toxin administration, surgeries, and physical therapy follow-up. Results: The research has already been approved by the CRER ethics committee, data have already been collected from one patient, in which, upon physical examination, Ashworth 2 was observed in the right triceps surae and Ashworth 1+ in the left, reducible to neutral; Gait with equinus foot on the right. IN THE EXAMINATION OF STRENGTH and ASYMMETRY BY THE SP-TEACH APPARATUS: KNEE FLEXION ASYMMETRY 34% KGF STRENGTH: Left: 8.97 Right: 13.69 KNEE EXTENSION ASYMMETRY 12% KGF STRENGTH: Left: 9.19 Right: 10.48 HIP ABDUCTION ASYMMETRY 25% KGF STRENGTH: Left: 9.39 Right: 7.05 HIP ADUCTION ASYMMETRY 16% KGF STRENGTH: Left: 9.52 Right: 8.02 ANKLE DORSAL FLEXION ASYMMETRY 37% KGF STRENGTH: Left: 6.27 Right: 9.88 ANKLE PLANTAR FLEXION ASYMMETRY 45% STRENGTH KGF: Left: 6.04 Right: 10.96. Conclusion: Patient with greater asymmetry (45%) in relation to the Triceps Surae muscles, since the right one has greater strength (KGF 10.96) and greater spasticity Ashworth 2+, in relation to the left one. Botulinum toxin was applied in equal amounts in bilateral gastrocnemius and soleus. Tests suggest that the Triceps Surae on the left is weaker, so the amount of toxin should be individualized, to improve the patient's gait and functionality.
A THEORETICAL STUDY OF SILVER'S ABSORPTION AND EMISSION SPECTRA IN SOLVENT MEDIA FOR NEW TECHNOLOGIES AND DRUGS
Silver (Ag) has a long history of use in technology and medicine, with the advent of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) for applications in electronics and nanomedicine driven by their unique optical and electronic properties. However, the high reactivity of AgNPs, due to their large surface area, can generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), which raises serious safety concerns for biomedical applications. This work proposes a theoretical study using computational quantum chemistry through Density Functional Theory (DFT), with the B3LYP functional and the 6-31G and 6-311G(d,p) basis sets, to investigate the absorption and emission spectral behavior of silver in three solvent media: aqueous, ethanol, and methanol. The objective is to understand how interactions with these solvents affect silver's electronic properties, providing fundamental insights for developing new, safer, and tunable drugs and technologies. Based on previous studies, it is expected that the absorption spectra of silver will be significantly influenced by its charge state and cluster size, with neutral clusters showing a spectral shift to lower energies compared to charged ones. The oscillator strength for neutral clusters is generally greater than for charged ones, which may be related to the increased luminescence intensity observed in experiments when charged silver clusters are converted to neutral ones. The simulations are anticipated to show a similar effect for the solvents, meaning the modulation of absorption and emission peaks, which is crucial for engineering photonic materials like white lightemitting diodes (LEDs). We conclude that the ability to predict silver's behavior in different media is essential for optimizing its spectral properties, with a view to biomedical applications such as biosensors and photodynamic therapies, as well as other emerging technologies.
ADVANCES IN COLORECTAL CANCER: FROM EARLY DETECTION TO PRECISION MEDICINE
Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains one of the leading causes of cancer related morbidity and mortality worldwide, with rising incidence in younger populations and significant impact on healthcare systems. Its development follows a multistep process involving genetic alterations, epigenetic modifications, and environmental factors that promote progression from adenoma to carcinoma. The aim of this study was to review current strategies for screening, diagnosis, and treatment of CRC, with emphasis on advances that have improved prognosis. A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scielo, and Embase databases, focusing on clinical guidelines, randomized controlled trials, and systematic reviews published within the last decade. The results demonstrated that early detection through colonoscopy remains the gold standard for screening, enabling removal of precancerous lesions and reducing mortality. Alternative methods, including fecal immunochemical testing and multitarget stool DNA assays, have increased accessibility, especially in populations with limited colonoscopy availability. Regarding treatment, surgical resection remains the cornerstone of localized disease, complemented by neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy in selected cases. For advanced CRC, molecular profiling has guided the use of targeted therapies, including anti-EGFR and anti-VEGF monoclonal antibodies, as well as immune checkpoint inhibitors in microsatellite instability-high tumors. These advances have prolonged survival and improved quality of life, though challenges persist regarding drug resistance, toxicity, and unequal access to innovative therapies. In addition, lifestyle modifications and preventive strategies, such as dietary interventions and physical activity, play an essential role in reducing incidence. In conclusion, CRC management has evolved from a one-size-fits-all approach to precision medicine, integrating early detection, minimally invasive surgery, personalized systemic therapy, and supportive care. Continued efforts in population-based screening programs and translational research are crucial to reduce disease burden and further improve patient outcomes.
IMPACT OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS ON COGNITIVE FUNCTION: MECHANISMS AND INTERVENTIONS
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune neurological disease that affects the central nervous system, causing inflammation. It mainly affects young adults and is more prevalent in women. Physical symptoms vary, including fatigue, muscle weakness, and sensory changes. Cognitive functions such as memory, attention, and processing speed are essential for daily activities and are often compromised in MS patients. The study aims to investigate how the disease affects memory and reasoning, in addition to available neurological rehabilitation techniques. A literature review was conducted using Google Scholar, SciELO, and PubMed. Full-text articles published between 2020 and 2025, in Portuguese and English, were selected. Studies indicate that more than 50% of patients have some degree of cognitive dysfunction, varying according to the disease subtype. The most affected areas include working memory and processing speed, associated with structural changes such as brain atrophy and white matter lesions. Neuropsychological assessment is essential for early diagnosis. Cognitive rehabilitation, through specific training and digital technologies, combined with the support of neuropsychologists, occupational therapists, and speech therapists, has shown promising results in improving functional abilities. Research on neuroprotection and remyelination continues, reinforcing the importance of a multidisciplinary approach focused on quality of life and autonomy. Neuropsychological rehabilitation is essential to alleviate the cognitive deficits of MS, promoting functionality and autonomy.
INFLUENCE OF CALCIUM ON THE OCCURRENCE OF OSTEOPOROSIS IN MIDDLE AGE
A saúde óssea sofre alterações ao longo do desenvolvimento humano, podendo apresentar falhas importantes na senilidade. Nesse sentido, o cálcio desempenha papel crucial na prevenção e tratamento da osteoporose, caracterizada pela perda progressiva de massa óssea, tornando os ossos frágeis e propensos a fraturas. Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a influência da ingestão de cálcio na ocorrência de osteoporose em idosos. Foi realizada uma revisão narrativa, utilizando palavras-chave como “cálcio”, “osteoporose”, “idosos”, “densidade mineral óssea” e “suplementação”, cruzadas com os operadores booleanos (AND) e (OR) nas bases de dados PubMed e Google Acadêmico. Foram incluídos artigos científicos na versão completa, em inglês ou português, com publicação entre 2020 e 2025. Foram excluídos arquivos duplicados e que fugiam ao tema. As evidências apontam que a ingestão adequada de cálcio está diretamente associada à manutenção da densidade mineral óssea e à redução do risco de fraturas em idosos. No Brasil, o consumo insuficiente de cálcio é prevalente entre idosos, associando-se à elevada incidência de osteoporose. A suplementação de cálcio combinada com vitamina D e a prática regular de atividade física mostraram-se eficazes na prevenção da perda óssea, ajudando na preservação da massa óssea e na diminuição do risco de fraturas. Concluiu-se que a ingestão adequada de cálcio desempenha um papel fundamental na prevenção da osteoporose em idosos, sendo essencial a implementação de estratégias nutricionais e educativas que visem melhorar o consumo desse mineral nesse grupo, promovendo um envelhecimento saudável e a redução de complicações relacionadas à osteoporose.
TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES IN WOUND TREATMENT: FROM LASER THERAPY TO BIOLOGICAL DRESSINGS — AN INTEGRATIVE REVIEW FOR CLINICAL PRACTICE
Introduction: The skin, the largest organ of the human body, is composed of three layers, epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis, and performs essential protective and homeostatic functions. When injured, it triggers the wound-healing process, a dynamic and multifactorial sequence aimed at restoring tissue structure and function. This process is influenced by both local and systemic factors such as nutritional status, immune response, comorbidities, age, and pharmacological treatments. Historically, wound management has been described for more than five millennia, beginning with the use of natural substances and evolving with the advent of antisepsis, antibiotics, and surgical techniques. Today, a wide range of therapeutic resources is available, and analyzing the role of technological innovations is fundamental for guiding contemporary medical practice. Objective: To emphasize the technological advances applied to wound treatment and the healing process. Methods: An integrative literature review was conducted through searches in PubMed and SciELO. Only freely accessible full-text articles in Portuguese or English were included. The descriptors used were “Wound healing”, “Laser Therapy” and “Biotechnology”. Publications that did not meet these criteria or were unrelated to the central objective were excluded. Results: Wound healing may occur by primary, secondary, or tertiary intention, depending on the clinical and morphological characteristics of the lesion. Systemic conditions such as diabetes, malnutrition, or immunosuppression may delay repair and contribute to chronic wounds. Recent technological advances have broadened treatment options. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) exerts biomodulatory effects by stimulating fibroblast activity, angiogenesis, and collagen synthesis. It has shown benefits in diabetic, venous, and pressure ulcers, including faster closure, pain reduction, and lower recurrence rates. Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) applies controlled subatmospheric pressure to the wound bed, reducing exudate, preventing edema and seroma, and promoting granulation tissue, particularly in complex wounds. Biological dressings, such as Nile tilapia skin and decellularized bovine peritoneum, mimic human skin properties and provide high collagen content, favoring re-epithelialization. Clinical evidence shows decreased pain, fewer dressing changes, shorter hospital stays, and better cosmetic outcomes compared with conventional therapies like Silver sulfadiazine. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) improves tissue oxygenation, stimulates angiogenesis, and reduces inflammation, proving effective in diabetic, vascular, and post-surgical wounds. Despite their promise, each modality has limitations and contraindications. LLLT must be cautiously considered in oncologic patients, while NPWT is contraindicated in wounds with exposed vessels or untreated necrosis. Hence, therapeutic decisions should be individualized and guided by multiprofessional evaluation. Conclusion: Wound healing is a complex, multifactorial process that combines historical foundations with modern advances. Effective management requires not only the rational use of innovative technologies but also an integrated, patient-centered, and multiprofessional approach. By aligning evidence-based practice with technological innovation, healthcare professionals can optimize healing, minimize complications, and enhance patient quality of life.
Rhayssa Marques Rodrigues Marques Rodrigues Alves
APPLICATIONS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS
Artificial intelligence (AI) has established itself as a powerful tool in healthcare, especially in computer-assisted medical diagnosis. This study aimed to analyze the contributions of AI in the interpretation of medical images and its potential to improve diagnostic accuracy. The methodology consisted of a literature review of articles indexed in the PubMed and Scopus databases, focusing on the use of machine learning algorithms in radiology, cardiology, and neurology. The results demonstrated that convolutional neural networks are capable of detecting early signs of diseases such as cancer, Alzheimer's, and cardiovascular conditions, often surpassing human accuracy in specific tasks. In addition, AI reduces diagnostic errors and optimizes hospital management through the integration of electronic medical records. However, challenges remain, such as the need for diverse databases, algorithm transparency, and patient data protection. It is concluded that AI represents an innovative advance for diagnostic medicine, but its safe and effective implementation requires professional training and strict regulations.
RARE SKIN DISEASES AND WOUND MANAGEMENT: A NARRATIVE REVIEW OF CURRENT EVIDENCE AND EMERGING THERAPIES
Introduction: Rare skin diseases, such as epidermolysis bullosa, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, phlebitis, psoriasis, and systemic lupus erythematosus, present high clinical complexity and significant physical and psychological impact¹. These conditions share common challenges, including recurrent wounds, chronic pain, susceptibility to infections, and the demand for continuous, multidisciplinary care. Recent advances in biological therapies, dermal substitutes, and tissue engineering have expanded therapeutic possibilities and improved patients’ quality of life². Objective: To review current evidence on rare skin diseases associated with wound care, highlighting their clinical features, complications, and modern therapeutic approaches. Methods: This is a narrative literature review based on scientific articles from the database PubMed, also were used official government documents regarding rare skin diseases. Publications from international databases, such as PubMed, as well as governmental health agencies, were analyzed, prioritizing recent studies on pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment strategies. Results: Epidermolysis bullosa is characterized by extreme cutaneous fragility, leading to recurrent blistering, infections, and chronic pain. Recent studies demonstrated promising outcomes with low-dose calcipotriol ointment³ and gene therapy strategies such as intravenous gentamicin for type VII collagen expression⁴. Stevens-Johnson syndrome, a severe and often drug-induced reaction, presents with acute necrosis of the skin and mucous membranes and requires immediate withdrawal of the triggering agent along with intensive supportive care; novel approaches such as mucous membrane grafting with fibrin glue or sutures have shown improved recovery⁵. Phlebitis, although not strictly rare, frequently complicates intravenous catheter use and can progress to thrombosis or infection. Studies identified risk factors⁶ and confirmed the effectiveness of topical therapies⁷. Psoriasis, a chronic inflammatory dermatosis, has benefited from biological agents, with meta-analyses showing superior outcomes of adalimumab compared with methotrexate⁸ and evidence that psychological interventions can improve wound healing in surgical patients⁹. Finally, systemic lupus erythematosus, a multifaceted autoimmune condition, continues to require corticosteroids and immunosuppressants, but recent findings revealed the potential role of indole-3-carbinol in regulating wound-healing genes¹⁰, while monoclonal antibody therapies such as belimumab have demonstrated efficacy in refractory cases¹¹. Conclusion: The management of rare skin diseases requires updated knowledge, multidisciplinary collaboration, and access to innovative therapies. Despite remarkable advances, challenges remain regarding treatment availability, standardization of care, and adequate medical training. Continuous investment in research and education is fundamental to optimize patient outcomes.
Impact of Alcoholism on the Family Life of Low-Income Adults in Rural Communities in Brazil
This study aimed to analyze the impact of alcoholism on the family dynamics of low-income adults living in rural Brazilian communities. The research was developed through a narrative literature review with a qualitative approach, gathering and discussing scientific productions published between 2014 and 2024 in databases such as SciELO, MEDLINE, LILACS, BVS, among other academic sources. The results showed that the abusive consumption of alcohol significantly compromises family cohesion, generating marital conflicts, weakening affective bonds, emotional overload, and psychological distress, especially among spouses and children. The findings also pointed to the association of alcoholism with common mental disorders, such as anxiety, depression, and chronic stress, which are exacerbated by socioeconomic vulnerability and limited access to health services in rural areas. Furthermore, it was identified that cultural factors and the normalization of alcohol consumption in community contexts hinder the search for treatment and the implementation of effective coping strategies. The study concluded that alcoholism, as a biopsychosocial phenomenon, requires integrated responses involving public health policies, social support, and psychosocial interventions adapted to rural specificities, in order to reduce the damages caused by abusive consumption and to strengthen family support networks.
POTENTIAL AND LIMITATIONS OF NNU-NET FOR INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGE SEGMENTATION ON CT SCANS
The segmentation of intracranial hemorrhages in computed tomography scans constitutes a critical challenge in radiology, given the high morbidity and mortality associated with these conditions and the complexity of manual image interpretation. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of deep learning-based architectures, with a focus on nnU-Net applied to the segmentation of hemorrhagic lesions. For this purpose, four public datasets (BHSD, MICCAI, Murtadha, and CQ500) were integrated, totaling 388 exams. In the CQ500 dataset, additional masks were created by medical students to address the absence of annotations. Preprocessing included 3D volumetric conversion and mask binarization, ensuring uniformity across the different datasets. Training was conducted for 250 epochs with 5-fold cross-validation, using the standardized nnU-Net pipeline in its default, medium, large, and extra-large variants. The evaluation was based on established metrics, such as the Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC), Intersection over Union (IoU), precision, sensitivity, and specificity, allowing for a comprehensive analysis of segmentation quality. The results revealed modest differences among the variants, highlighting the Large configuration, which achieved a Dice score of 0.3940 and an IoU of 0.3189, associated with the highest precision (0.601). Meanwhile, the Default variant showed the highest sensitivity (0.711), indicating a better capability for detecting positive voxels, albeit with lower precision (0.544). These findings reflect the balance between architectural complexity and computational cost, consistent with recent studies that indicate incremental gains in more robust U-Net variants. However, when comparing the results with the literature, it is noted that international studies have reported superior metrics (Dice > 0.90), which highlights the limitations of the present study. These can be attributed to the small size of the dataset, the variability among the datasets, and the absence of advanced strategies such as class balancing or attention mechanisms. Nevertheless, the study contributes by demonstrating the feasibility of applying nnU-Net in heterogeneous and realistic scenarios, highlighting the importance of a joint analysis of sensitivity and precision when choosing the most appropriate configuration for the clinical context. In conclusion, although the obtained results are below the state of the art, the work reinforces the relevance of automated pipelines for intracranial hemorrhage segmentation. It also points to future prospects, including the expansion of datasets, the adoption of hybrid architectures with attention mechanisms, and the multimodal integration of clinical and imaging data, aiming for greater generalization and applicability in radiological practice.
Gut Microbiota as a Biomarker in Colorectal Cancer
Introduction: In the past fiew years, the understanding of the role of the gut microbiota in colorectal cancer (CRC) has evolved significantly, standing out not only as a risk factor for carcinogenesis but also as a crucial element for patient prognosis and treatment response1,2,3,4. In this context, recent studies have demonstrated that specific bacterial signatures can act as biomarkers of clinical outcomes, in addition to directly influencing mechanisms of tumor resistance1,2,3,4. Thus, the objective of these investigations was to deepen the relationship between dysbiosis, clinical outcomes, and therapeutic efficacy in patients with colorectal cancer, in treatment settings involving surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy 1,2,3,4. Objective: To critically evaluate the current scientific literature in order to verify the association between gut microbiota and colorectal neoplasia and its influence on disease prognosis. Methodology: This is an integrative literature review, in which scientific publications were searched in the PubMed database. The English descriptors “Colorectal neoplasms,” “Dysbiosis,” “Prognosis,” and “Gut microbiota” were used, with “AND” as the only Boolean operator. Filters were applied for articles published in the last 5 years and with free full-text availability. This search resulted in 20 articles, from which 4 were selected for the sample that composes this integrative review. Results: In a prospective study, the analysis of fecal samples collected before surgery identified that the presence of Prevotella and three other microorganisms represented independent markers of worse prognosis, associated with higher risk of recurrence and reduced survival1. This work reinforces the idea that the preoperative microbiota may serve as a predictive tool complementary to traditional clinical assessment1. In another approach, patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy had their fecal samples evaluated for microbial composition, short-chain fatty acids, and polyamines, showing that both diversity and bacterial metabolites influenced tumor response, indicating a possible metabolic–microbial role in radiosensitivity2. Complementarily, an innovative proposal emerged with the creation of a microbiota ecological score, based on network topology analysis of bacterial interactions, which consistently predicted outcomes in patients undergoing immunotherapy3. This type of approach expands the view of the microbiota as a simple list of species, proposing that the interaction between microorganisms is decisive for clinical and prognostic impact3. On the other hand, in a mechanistic study, it was observed that Fusobacterium nucleatum, already established as a pathogen associated with CRC, can confer chemotherapy resistance by inhibiting cellular pyroptosis through the Hippo pathway, a mechanism that may help explain why certain patients experience therapeutic failure even under standard protocols4. Conclusion: Evidence indicates that the gut microbiota plays a multifaceted role in colorectal neoplasia, influencing everything from the risk of recurrence after surgery, to the modulation of response to chemoradiotherapy, to the efficacy of immunotherapy and conventional chemotherapy1,2,3,4. Thus, the incorporation of microbiota analyses into future clinical practice may allow not only more accurate risk stratification but also the development of personalized therapeutic strategies.
Isabela Moreira Gomides Sardinha Carvalhêdo
EVALUATION OF PRESCRIPTION AND DISPENSING OF MEDICINES
Introdução: O uso racional de medicamentos está diretamente relacionado à qualidade das práticas de prescrição e dispensação. Prescrições inadequadas e falhas nos processos de dispensação podem comprometer a segurança do paciente, a eficácia terapêutica e a sustentabilidade do sistema de saúde. Objetivo: Revisar a literatura sobre métodos de avaliação e desfechos relacionados à prescrição e dispensação de medicamentos nos serviços de saúde. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura utilizando a estratégia PICO. Foram incluídos estudos publicados nos últimos cinco anos, com delineamento transversal ou descritivo, em inglês ou português. As buscas foram realizadas nas bases PubMed, SciELO e Google Scholar utilizando os descritores: Prescrição AND Dispensação AND Medicamentos AND Avaliação. Resultados: Dos 42 estudos identificados, 7 atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. Os principais problemas relatados foram polifarmácia, prescrições incompletas ou inadequadas, falta de orientação ao paciente e falhas nos registros de farmacovigilância. Por outro lado, intervenções como serviços de farmácia clínica, sistemas de prescrição eletrônica e educação continuada para profissionais demonstraram impactos positivos na segurança e no uso racional de medicamentos. Conclusão: Avaliar as práticas de prescrição e dispensação é essencial para melhorar a segurança do paciente, otimizar recursos e fortalecer as políticas de uso racional de medicamentos.
THE IMPACTS OF WORK IN PALLIATIVE CARE ON THE MENTAL HEALTH OF HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS
Introduction: This study is part of an integrative review of the literature examining the impact of palliative care work on the mental health of healthcare professionals. Healthcare professionals working with palliative care patients are constantly exposed to the fragility of life and the suffering of others, which can take a toll on their mental health. Understanding the occupational and psychological aspects associated with these workers' trajectory, as well as intervention strategies that can be implemented, is essential. Objectives: Investigate the psychological consequences of working in palliative care for healthcare professionals and analyze possible intervention strategies. Methods: This integrative literature review aims to answer the guiding question: "What are the impacts of working in palliative care on the mental health of healthcare professionals?" Searches were conducted in the BVS database using the health science descriptors "occupational stress," "health professionals," and "palliative care." Five original articles published between 2020 and 2025 were selected. Results: Of the eight evaluated stressors, chronic stress resulting from the accumulated burden of end-of-life care management was found to be the primary predictor of mental health issues over time. The analyses revealed two primary mental health trajectories in response to chronic stress: resilience and persistent distress. Resilient professionals benefit from the positive emotions generated from helping patients, which provide gratification and motivation. However, excessive empathy in contexts of chronic stress becomes a vulnerability that contributes to distress trajectories, despite being essential for compassionate care. The mental health of professionals is impacted by specific characteristics of palliative care work: superficial performance is associated with increased compassion fatigue and reduced perception of overall health, while resources such as emotional self-efficacy and perception of meaningful work promote better overall health and reduce fatigue, favoring resilience. Self-care and self-awareness were identified as predictors of coping with death, with self-compassion being the factor with the greatest predictive power. Additionally, quality of professional life positively affected personal well-being. Recent evidence indicates that psychological and physical fatigue is present in both home-based and inpatient palliative care settings. Concurrently, psychological mechanisms are crucial for healthcare professionals in palliative care to cope with stress, and interventions focusing on self-compassion, psychological flexibility, cognitive empathy, and professional training have been effective in preventing and managing compassion fatigue. These interventions also facilitate the identification of potentially traumatic situations. Conclusions: Healthcare workers in palliative care are prone to experiencing chronic stress, compassion fatigue, emotional exhaustion, a reduced perception of their overall health, and emotional vulnerability. Therefore, it is necessary to implement intervention strategies that highlight the rewarding aspects of care, such as the gratification and motivation generated by helping patients. Additionally, raising awareness of the occupational and psychological resources necessary for coping with the profession can improve the quality of life of these professionals.
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND LIFE’S ESSENTIAL 7: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Physical activity is important for maintaining cardiovascular health (CVH), particularly in adult women. Factors such as a sedentary lifestyle and obesity increase the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in this population. The objective of this study was to compare physical activity level (PAL) with CVH of active and sedentary women. This was a cross-sectional study conducted with female employees at a higher education institution. The sample consisted of 51 women, recruited by invitation. The project was approved by the Ethics and Research Committee of the Evangelical University of Goiás under number 4,512,382/2021. CVH was assessed using seven metrics (PAL, smoking status, body mass index (BMI), diet, systemic blood pressure (SBP), fasting glucose (FBG), and total cholesterol (TC)) recommended by the American Heart Association (AHA) life's essential 7 guideline. PAL was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ-short version). Diet was assessed using the Mediterranean Diet questionnaire. Smoking status was self-reported. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were measured using a semi-automatic device, and blood samples were collected for FBG and TC analysis. Data were expressed using descriptive statistics. Student's t-test and Mann-Whitney test were used to compare groups (active and sedentary women). Sedentary women had higher DBP (p <0.001) and lower CVD scores (p <0.001). In conclusion, a good PAL contributes to reducing risk factors associated with CVD in adult women.
CLINICAL EXPERIENCE REPORT: MULTIPLE MYELOMA PATIENT WITH DIAGNOSTIC HYPOTHESIS OF MEDICATION-RELATED OSTEONECROSIS INDUCED BY ZOLEDRONIC ACID
This study aims to report a clinical case managed at the COE-UniEvangélica Diagnostic Clinic, with a diagnostic hypothesis of osteonecrosis associated with bisphosphonate therapy. The patient is a 78-year-old male, former smoker and alcohol user, diagnosed with multiple myeloma and undergoing treatment with zoledronic acid for the past three months. During the intraoral examination, necrotic lesions with bone exposure and purulent discharge were observed on the left mandibular alveolar ridge and on the attached gingiva bilaterally in the maxilla. The patient also presented a history of multiple dental extractions, in addition to wearing a complete maxillary denture and a removable partial mandibular denture. No facial asymmetry, swelling, or palpable lymph nodes were detected on extraoral examination. To assess the extent of bone sequestration, panoramic radiography and cone-beam computed tomography were requested, along with secretion culture and antibiogram to guide the most appropriate antibiotic therapy. Furthermore, a 0.12% chlorhexidine mouth rinse was prescribed for hygiene and pain control, and the patient was advised to discontinue denture use to avoid pressure-related complications and pathological fractures. The patient remains under follow-up while awaiting the results of all examinations to confirm the definitive diagnosis and establish the treatment plan. It can be concluded that a multidisciplinary and critical approach in the management of complex conditions affecting oncological patients.
COLORECTAL CANCER SCREENING IN PRIMARY CARE: INTEGRATIVE LITERATURE REVIEW
INTRODUCTION: Colorectal cancer is one of the most prevalent neoplasms, with high morbidity and mortality, and feasible screening through simple tests, such as the fecal occult blood test (FOBT) and, when indicated, colonoscopy. Despite the availability of these tests in primary care, adherence remains low. Understanding the limiting factors is essential to expand early diagnosis and reduce mortality. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the factors related to population adherence to colorectal cancer screening within the scope of primary health care in Brazil. METHODOLOGY: An integrative literature review was carried out in the SciELO, Google Scholar, and PubMed databases in July 2025. The following DeCS descriptors were used: “Colorectal Neoplasms”, “Neoplasias Colorretais”, “Mass Screening”, “Rastreamento de Doenças”, “Primary Health Care”, and “Atenção Primária à Saúde”. Original articles published between 2020 and 2025, in Portuguese or English, with free access to the full text, were included. Reviews and studies outside the primary care context were excluded. Six articles were selected after critical reading. RESULTS: The studies identified the following main barriers: lack of population awareness about the importance of the exam, absence of medical recommendation, limitations in access to colonoscopy after a positive result, embarrassment regarding the stool test, and logistical difficulties in sample collection and return. Actions such as home delivery of the FOBT, educational campaigns, active search, team training, and the work of community health agents proved effective, significantly increasing adherence, surpassing 80% in some contexts. CONCLUSION: Adherence to colorectal cancer screening in primary care in Brazil remains low, influenced by cultural, institutional, and operational factors. This review shows that simple interventions, such as community education, professional training, and flow definition, expand the participation of the target population. It reinforces the importance of organizing the line of care in the SUS and of primary care as the gateway for early diagnosis and mortality reduction.
Hospital Pharmacy Inventory Management: Importance and Efficiency Strategies
Introduction: Inventory management in hospital pharmacies is essential to ensure the availability, quality, and safety of medications, as well as to avoid waste and reduce costs. The complexity of the hospital environment requires efficient methods of procurement, storage, and distribution, ensuring the rational use of resources. Objective: To analyze the importance of inventory management in hospital pharmacies and to identify tools that contribute to greater efficiency in medication management. Methodology: This is a narrative review based on articles, technical manuals, and case studies on hospital management. Documents published in Portuguese between 2010 and 2024, available in academic databases and institutional publications, were considered. Results: The studies demonstrated that the use of tools such as the ABC curve, drug standardization, and computerized control systems favors purchase planning, reduces financial losses, and increases patient safety. The role of the pharmacist is essential in this process, as it involves continuous monitoring, defining minimum and maximum stock levels, and integration with administrative teams. Conclusion: Inventory management in hospital pharmacies is configured as a strategic activity that integrates clinical, administrative, and financial aspects. Its efficient execution directly contributes to the institution’s sustainability, patient safety, and the quality of care provided.
ANXIETY AND METABOLIC DYSREGULATION: IMPLICATIONS OF THE HORMONAL AXIS IN GLYCEMIC CONTROL AND INSULIN RESISTANCE
Persistent anxiety and stress exert wide-ranging effects on both mental health and energy metabolism. Prolonged activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis leads to elevated cortisol secretion, disrupts circadian rhythms, and increases the release of inflammatory mediators. These physiological changes impair insulin sensitivity, elevate blood glucose levels, and promote visceral fat accumulation, thereby contributing to the development of insulin resistance. This review aims to present evidence on the interplay between anxiety, HPA axis function, and metabolic outcomes, drawing from original studies that assessed hormonal, inflammatory, and glycemic markers across diverse populations. Findings indicate that in adult workers, state anxiety is associated with higher evening cortisol and triglyceride levels, suggesting disruption of daily hormonal rhythms and an increased risk of cardiovascular alterations. Among women, perceived stress and burnout correlate with higher adiposity and hormonal imbalances, emphasizing the influence of emotional states on metabolic processes. In professionals exposed to high occupational demands, such as police officers, both psychological stress and oxidative stress contribute to the development of insulin resistance, highlighting multiple mechanisms of metabolic vulnerability. Overall, the evidence underscores that chronic anxiety and stress extend beyond emotional health, actively driving metabolic dysregulation. Recognizing this interaction deepens our understanding of the pathophysiology of insulin resistance and glycemic imbalance. Moreover, it emphasizes the importance of integrated strategies that promote mental well-being alongside metabolic health, aiming to prevent complications such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
Antimicrobial Resistance in Brazil: challenges for the Unified Health System (SUS) and perspectives for action
Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is regarded as one of the greatest threats to global public health and, in Brazil, already constitutes an emerging challenge for the Unified Health System (SUS). It is estimated that AMR is directly responsible for approximately 34,000 deaths and associated with over 138,000 additional deaths annually in the country, totaling around 221,000 deaths from bacterial infections and 400,000 cases of sepsis recorded each year (Brazil, 2023). Beyond its clinical impact, resistance increases hospital costs, overloads health services, and compromises patient safety. In this context, understanding the epidemiological landscape of AMR is essential to inform public policies, surveillance measures, and rational antimicrobial use protocols. Objective: To describe the current situation of antimicrobial resistance in Brazil based on data and reports from the Ministry of Health, highlighting its impact on the SUS, the main microorganisms involved, the ongoing response policies, and perspectives for improving clinical and public health management. Method: This is an observational and descriptive study based on secondary data and oficial documents from the Ministry of Health. Reports from the National Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Antimicrobial Resistance (PAN-BR), epidemiological bulletins available on the Ministry of Health’s Virtual Health Library (BVS MS) platform, and data consolidated by GLASS-BR— the Brazilian surveillance system integrated into the World Health Organization’s Global Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System—were consulted. Public data from DATASUS, SIH/SUS, and SIM concerning hospitalizations, deaths, and notifications related to antimicrobial resistance were also used. Because these are public and anonymized data, submission to a Research Ethics Committee was not required, in accordance with Resolution No. 510/2016 of the National Health Council. Results: The analyzed data reveal a progressive increase in antimicrobial resistance rates across various regions of the country. Klebsiella pneumoniae showed resistance exceeding 50% to diferent antimicrobials, with up to 8% of strains resistant to carbapenems—drugs of last resort (Brazil, 2022). Escherichia coli displayed high levels of resistance to fluoroquinolones, while Neisseria gonorrhoeae showed growing resistance to widely used antimicrobials in the treatment of sexually transmitted infections. In response, PAN-BR has structured intersectoral strategies under the One Health approach, encompassing human, animal, and environmental health. The National Program for the Control of Healthcare-Associated Infections (PNCPIRAS) strengthens hospital protocols, and the National Network of Public Health Laboratories (Lacen) supports laboratory surveillance. Furthermore, the National List of Essential Medicines (Rename), together with the WHO AWaRe classification, and the National Committee for the Rational Use of Medicines (CNPURM) guide clinical practices and access policies (WHO, 2022). Conclusion: Antimicrobial resistance represents an urgent challenge for the SUS, requiring continuous epidemiological surveillance, ongoing education for healthcare professionals, and investments in laboratory infrastructure. National data underscore the need to expand adherence to prevention protocols, promote the rational use of antibiotics, and strengthen the surveillance network. This characterization, based on oficial data from the Ministry of Health and DATASUS, provides evidence to support the formulation of public policies, the improvement of care quality, and the enhancement of patient safety, in alignment with international recommendations.
Impact of Chronic Nasal Obstruction on Child Development: Focus on Adenoid Hypertrophy and Sleep Quality: An Integrative Review
Chronic nasal obstruction in childhood, often caused by adenoid hypertrophy, is a prevalent and multifactorial condition with potential clinical, cognitive, and psychosocial repercussions. This functional alteration compromises the respiratory pattern and is associated with mouth breathing, sleep disturbances, craniofacial changes, and poor school performance. Despite its high incidence in the pediatric population, the literature still presents gaps regarding the systematization of these impacts and the ideal timing for clinical or surgical intervention. This study conducted an integrative literature review guided by the PICO strategy to investigate the effects of chronic nasal obstruction—especially due to adenoidal hypertrophy—on child development, with a specific focus on sleep quality and functional and cognitive consequences. The search was carried out in the SciELO, PubMed, and LILACS databases, using the descriptors “Adenoids,” “Nasal obstruction,” “Sleep,” and “Child development,” combined with the Boolean operator AND, covering the period from 2013 to 2024. Initially, 11 articles were retrieved, of which 9 met the inclusion criteria: pediatric population, focus on chronic nasal obstruction, and relationship with sleep and developmental outcomes. The selection process followed the PRISMA model. The results showed that adenoid hypertrophy is the main cause of chronic nasal obstruction in children and is associated with sleep-disordered breathing, cognitive impairments, behavioral alterations, school difficulties, and craniofacial deformities. Adenotonsillectomy proved effective in most cases; however, altered respiratory patterns may persist postoperatively. This integrative review highlights chronic nasal obstruction as a relevant risk factor for impaired child development. Early diagnosis and interdisciplinary management are essential to prevent or minimize its long-term effects. The evidence reinforces the need for further studies with standardized screening protocols and longitudinal follow-up.
LOW-RISK PRENATAL CARE IN PRIMARY HEALTH CARE: FOLLOW-UP AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Prenatal care is a fundamental process to ensure maternal and neonatal health, involving strategies of health promotion, prevention of complications, and education. This study aimed to describe recommendations for the follow-up of low-risk prenatal care in primary health care. A qualitative and descriptive approach was conducted through a literature review using references from the Brazilian Ministry of Health and specialized textbooks in maternal and child health, with reflective analysis of the selected materials. The results showed that early diagnosis of pregnancy by physicians or nurses enables timely initiation of prenatal follow-up. Care involves periodic consultations, laboratory and imaging exams, detailed anamnesis, and physical and gyneco-obstetric evaluation, as well as guidance on vaccination, healthy lifestyle habits, and warning signs. Risk factors are classified into low and high complexity, defining the level of care required. The pregnant woman’s health booklet supports the registration of consultations, exams, and orientations, strengthening the bond between the woman and the health team. It was concluded that early and regular prenatal care, starting in the first trimester with at least six consultations, is essential to reduce maternal and neonatal complications. This process allows the identification of risk factors, planning of adequate care, and guidance on physical, psychological, and social changes during pregnancy, ensuring safety and quality in the follow-up of the mother-child dyad.
PREVALENCE OF SOFT DRINK AND HEALTHY FOOD CONSUMPTION AMONG FEDERAL EDUCATION NETWORK EMPLOYEES
In recent decades, Brazilian eating habits have undergone significant changes, marked by a sharp increase in the consumption of ultra-processed foods. These products are characterized by high amounts of added sugars, sodium, saturated fats, and chemical additives, in addition to having low nutritional density. Among ultra-processed foods, soft drinks stand out as one of the most widely consumed and readily available items. High palatability, aggressive marketing, and affordable prices are factors that favor their regular consumption (RC) across different age groups and social contexts. In contrast, dietary patterns based on the RC of fresh or minimally processed foods, such as fruits and vegetables, offer numerous health benefits. These foods are rich sources of vitamins, minerals, fiber, and bioactive compounds that play a protective role against chronic noncommunicable diseases and strengthen the immune system. In addition, scientific evidence shows that a balanced diet is associated with improved quality of life and increased productivity. In the context of the Federal Network for Professional, Scientific, and Technological Education (RFEPCT), composed of teachers and administrative technicians in education (TAE), understanding food consumption patterns takes on special relevance. These professionals, often exposed to high levels of stress due to workload, academic and administrative demands, and the institutional environment, may have their health directly impacted by their eating habits. Given this scenario, the objective of this study was to investigate the association between the RC of soft drinks and the consumption of healthy foods among RFEPCT employees. The research was conducted online in 2022, after approval by the Research Ethics Committee (No. 5.270.596). The sample consisted of 1,563 RFEPCT teachers and TAE, distributed across different regions of Brazil. Sociodemographic variables were collected, in addition to dietary information obtained from the questionnaire used in the PENSE. For this study, RC was that performed on five or more days per week. The effect measure used was the Prevalence Ratio, accompanied by its respective 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). The results showed that RC of soft drinks was positively associated with the Southeast (p = 0.002) and Midwest (p = 0.001) regions, suggesting that residents of these locations are more likely to consume soft drinks regularly. A negative association was found with the 48-60 age group (p = 0.020), indicating that older individuals tend to reduce their consumption. Regarding RC of fresh fruit, a positive and statistically significant association was observed (p < 0.001). However, no significant associations were found for the variables female gender (p = 0.790), teaching position (p = 0.108), and consumption of vegetables (p = 0.054). These findings suggest that the pattern of consumption of soft drinks and healthy foods among civil servants is influenced more by regional and age factors than by gender or position. The data indicate that the dietary profile of Federal Network civil servants is marked by sociodemographic inequalities, which reinforces the need for specific strategies to promote healthier habits, especially in regions and groups with higher consumption of ultra-processed foods.
BROKEN HEART SYNDROME (TAKOTSUBO) - WHEN EMOTIONAL STRESS AFFECTS THE HEART
Introduction: Broken Heart Syndrome, or Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, is an acute and reversible cardiac condition that mimics a myocardial infarction without significant coronary obstruction. It can be triggered by significant emotional stress, such as the loss of a significant loved one, significant conflicts, or an adverse event. Objective: To demonstrate a relation between emotional stress and the cardiac changes characteristic of Takotsubo syndrome. Methodology: The systematic review was conducted using the PICo strategy. PubMed, Scielo, and Google Scholar databases were used, using the Health Science Descriptors, in English, "Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy", "Psychological Stress", and "Cardiomyopathies"; using the Borlean operator AND. Three articles published in the last 5 years and available in full online were selected. Results: After analyzing the studies, it was possible to observe that immediate and unexpected emotional changes cause a large release of catecholamines, causing temporary left ventricular dysfunction, which manifests as chest pain, dyspnea, and electrocardiographic changes similar to a heart attack, in addition to echocardiography showing apical dyskinesia and basal hyperkinesia. In this context, postmenopausal women are more susceptible to developing Broken Heart Syndrome due to considerable factors such as altered autonomic regulation, psychosocial factors, and estrogen deficiency. Although most cases are reversible, serious complications can occur, including congestive heart failure, ventricular arrhythmias, cardiogenic shock, and stroke. Conclusions: Takotsubo syndrome highlights the direct impact of emotional stress on the heart, highlighting the importance of recognizing its signs early to prevent serious complications. Interventions such as physical exercise and cognitive-behavioral therapy promote ventricular recovery, increase functional capacity, and reduce complications, reinforcing the importance of integrating mental and cardiovascular health.
PERCEPTION, HEALTH, AND FOOD SECURITY IN LOW-INCOME COMMUNITIES
Introduction: Food and nutritional insecurity remains a significant and complex challenge in Brazil, disproportionately affecting low-income communities. This condition, which goes beyond the mere lack of food scarcity, is intrinsically linked to socioeconomic disparities that limit access to fresh and nutritious foods. As a result, vulnerable populations often adopt inadequate eating patterns, perpetuating the cycle of food insecurity. The relationship between diet and health in these communities is multifaceted and paradoxical: while undernutrition persists, the nutritional transition also favors the excessive consumption of ultra-processed foods, associated with the rising prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases such as diabetes and hypertension. Objective: To assess the perception, eating practices, and multifaceted impacts of food insecurity in low-income communities in the city of Anápolis, Goiás, analyzing their direct and complex relationship with nutritional status and overall health. Methods: A mixed cross-sectional study will be conducted, combining quantitative and qualitative approaches with stratified cluster sampling. The research will take place in Primary Health Care Units (UBS) of Anápolis-GO, specifically in Jardim Esperança, Paraíso, and Bairro de Lourdes. The sample will include 102 participants, 34 from each unit, comprising families with children under 18 and/or older adults over 60, considered the most vulnerable groups. Data collection will be carried out in person, using questionnaires and anthropometric assessment. The Brazilian Household Food Insecurity Scale (EBIA) will be applied to measure household food security. Additionally, semi-structured questionnaires will be used to characterize eating practices, nutritional knowledge, and socioeconomic and cultural barriers. Anthropometric evaluation will include weight, height, waist, and hip circumference, following reference standards from WHO and the Brazilian Ministry of Health. Results: It is expected that the findings aims to accurately identify the prevalence of food insecurity in the studied communities and its association with nutritional status, including cases of undernutrition, obesity, and chronic diseases. Furthermore, the study will allow mapping of cultural perceptions, beliefs, and food myths, as well as socioeconomic barriers that hinder access to nutritious and healthy foods, providing updated and specific data on food insecurity in Anápolis. Conclusion: The results of this project are expected to support the development of more effective public policies and nutritional education programs tailored to local needs. The ultimate goal is to promote healthier and more sustainable food choices, directly contributing to the improvement of health and well-being among the vulnerable population of Anápolis-GO and helping to reduce the negative impacts of food insecurity in the vulnerable community
EFFECTS OF PULMONARY REHABILITATION ON PULMONARY INFLAMMATION IN INDIVIDUALS WITH SEVERE ASTHMA
Introduction: Severe asthma is a chronic airway inflammation with remodeling, hyperresponsiveness, and persistent symptoms, leading to high morbidity. Pulmonary rehabilitation improves ventilatory capacity, reduces symptoms, and modulates inflammation. Physical exercise has important anti-inflammatory effects. Kinins, especially bradykinin, participate in bronchoconstriction and inflammation. Investigating this relationship may broaden therapeutic strategies. Objectives: To evaluate whether pulmonary rehabilitation modulates the levels and expression of kinins and pulmonary kininogen, as well as the levels of pro-inflammatory Th1, Th2, and Th17 cytokines in individuals with severe asthma. Method: Twenty-one patients with severe asthma, diagnosed according to GINA, aged between 20 and 60 years, without comorbidities and under continuous medication for ≥6 months, were included. Exhaled breath condensate samples were collected to quantify pro-inflammatory mediators (IL-1β, IL-5, IL-6, IL-13), anti-inflammatory mediators (IL-1ra, IL-10), pro-fibrotic factors (VEGF, TSLP), and anti-fibrotic factors (relaxin-3, klotho) by ELISA. Normality was assessed by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, and comparisons were performed with t-tests, considering p<0.05, using GraphPad Prism 5.0. Results: The results demonstrated that pulmonary levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-5, IL-6, IL-13 (p<0.01) showed significant reductions after physical training/rehabilitation compared to pre-intervention values. On the other hand, pulmonary levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-1ra and IL-10 (p<0.01) showed significant increases after physical training/rehabilitation compared to pre-intervention values. Similarly, the levels of the pro-fibrotic factors VEGF and TSLP (p<0.001) showed significant reductions after physical training/rehabilitation compared to pre-intervention values, while the levels of the anti-fibrotic factors relaxin-3 and klotho (p<0.01) showed significant increases after physical training/rehabilitation compared to pre-intervention values. Conclusion: Pulmonary rehabilitation decreases pulmonary inflammation in patients with severe asthma by regulating pro- and anti-inflammatory as well as pro- and anti-fibrotic mediators, indicating its potential in controlling disease progression.
Introduction: The consumption of ultra-processed foods has increased and has been linked to adverse health effects. In contrast, a diet based on fresh or minimally processed foods contributes to disease prevention. Analyzing these eating behaviors is essential for developing effective health promotion policies and strategies. Objective: Associating regular consumption of soft drinks and healthy foods among employees of the Federal Network for Professional, Scientific, and Technological Education (RFEPCT). Method: This cross-sectional epidemiological study employed a quantitative approach and was carried out in November 2022 after receiving approval from the Research Ethics Committee (protocol number 5,270,596). The sample consisted of 1,563 RFEPCT professionals, including teachers and TAE. Sociodemographic variables and the PeNSE questionnaire were analyzed. Consumption of sweets or healthy foods on ≥5 days per week was considered regular (CR), while consumption on ≤4 days per week was considered irregular (CI). The effect measure used was the prevalence ratio (PR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Soft drink consumption rate (CR) was positively associated with the Southeast (p = 0.002) and Midwest (p = 0.001) regions and negatively associated with the 48–60 age group (p = 0.020). We also observed a positive association with FR consumption of fresh fruit (p < 0.001). There were no associations found with female gender (p = 0.790), teaching position (p = 0.108), or consumption of vegetables (p = 0.054). Conclusion: The results suggest that the dietary profile of RFEPCT employees may be influenced by sociodemographic factors. This evidence underscores the importance of initiatives that promote healthy habits in institutional settings, focusing on equity and improving health conditions at work.
THERAPEUTIC EFFECTS OF RELAXING MASSAGE: A NARRATIVE REVIEW
RESUMO: Introdução: A massagem relaxante é uma técnica natural que utiliza movimentos manuais sobre os tecidos moles do corpo, promovendo benefícios aos sistemas nervoso, muscular, circulatório e linfático. Sem o uso de aparelhos, essa prática visa equilibrar a saúde e prevenir possíveis doenças. Objetivo: Reforçar a importância dos efeitos terapêuticos empregando a massagem relaxante. Metodologia: Tratou-se de uma revisão de literatura do tipo narrativa baseada em artigos científicos indexados nas bases científicas: Google Acadêmico e SciELO. Foram empregados os seguintes descritores DeCS/MeSH: massagem (OR) massage (AND) Práticas Integrativas e Complementares (AND) Complementary Therapies (OR) PICS. Os critérios de inclusão foram: publicações entre 2017 e 2023 disponibilizados em inglês ou português na versão completa que contemplassem o tema. Foram excluídos os artigos com fuga ao tema, duplicações, publicações em outras línguas e que não eram artigos científicos. Resultados: A pesquisa foi composta por nove artigos científicos. Evidências arqueológicas mostraram que a massagem já era utilizada por egípcios, persas, gregos e romanos. Para garantir um atendimento seguro, é essencial realizar uma avaliação prévia do paciente e atuar em conjunto com uma equipe multidisciplinar. O procedimento deve ser feito por um profissional qualificado, apto a reconhecer sinais de contraindicação, como lesões cutâneas ou doenças infecciosas. Entre as técnicas da massagem relaxante destacam-se manobras como: pressões por pontos, amassamentos, fricções, percussões, vibrações, beliscamentos, movimentos em leque e teclas etc. Cada uma delas possui funções específicas, que podem ser combinadas para melhores resultados terapêuticos. A massagem relaxante oferece diversos benefícios físicos e emocionais, como redução da fadiga, relaxamento muscular, melhora da flexibilidade e coordenação motora, além de auxiliar no combate à insônia e ansiedade, especialmente em jovens. Também favorece a circulação, beneficiando a pele, a gestação e o trabalho de parto. Conclusão: A massagem relaxante é uma técnica eficaz que promove diversos benefícios físicos e emocionais, contribuindo para o equilíbrio e a prevenção de disfunções no organismo podendo ser aplicada em diversas condições de saúde humana. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Massagem. Massoterapia. Reflexologia. Complementary Therapies.
EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF EFRUXIFERMIN IN COMPENSATED CIRRHOSIS DUE TO MASH: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS OF RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIALS
INTRODUCTION: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is a chronic liver disease that can progress to compensated cirrhosis. This condition represents an important cause of morbidity, with no approved therapies for advanced stages. Efruxifermin, an analog of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), has shown therapeutic potential due to its anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, and metabolic effects. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and adverse events of efruxifermin at two different dosages in the treatment of patients with MASH and advanced liver fibrosis. METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials was conducted using PubMed and Cochrane databases. Four studies out of 172 screened were included, comparing 28 mg and 50 mg doses of efruxifermin with each other or with placebo and reporting at least one outcome of interest. The outcomes assessed were ≥1 stage improvement in fibrosis without worsening of MASH and the occurrence of adverse events such as nausea and diarrhea. Statistical analyses were performed using RevMan 5.4. Relative risks (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for dichotomous variables, using a random-effects model. RESULTS: A total of 419 patients were evaluated, of whom 284 (68%) received efruxifermin. Both 50 mg and 28 mg doses were significantly superior to placebo in improving fibrosis by ≥1 stage without worsening of MASH (RR 1.70; 95% CI 1.07–2.70; p = 0.03 and RR 1.69; 95% CI 1.06–2.70; p = 0.03, respectively; I² = 0%). Regarding safety, no significant differences were found between the 50 mg and 28 mg doses in the incidence of nausea (RR 0.77; 95% CI 0.49–1.22; p = 0.27; I² = 35%) or diarrhea (RR 1.69; 95% CI 0.53–1.11; p = 0.16; I² = 28%). CONCLUSION: Both doses of efruxifermin demonstrated efficacy in improving fibrosis, with an acceptable safety profile. Nausea and diarrhea were the most common adverse events, generally mild and without significant differences between doses.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CELLULAR TRANSPORTATION AND MINIMALLY INVASIVE AESTHETIC PROCESSES
Nanotechnology has emerged as one of the most innovative areas of science, especially in the fields of health and aesthetics. Its potential lies in its ability to manipulate particles at the nanoscale, enabling direct interactions with cells and fundamental biological mechanisms. In aesthetics, this technology enables the development of minimally invasive procedures that combine efficacy and greater patient safety. The aim of this study is to analyze the role of nanoparticles in aesthetic health, highlighting their mechanisms of cellular action, clinical applications, benefits, and associated risks. A narrative review of scientific literature was conducted, considering publications from recent years that addressed the use of nanoparticles in aesthetic and therapeutic procedures. The main descriptors used were: nanotechnology, nanoparticles, drug delivery, and biosafety. It was observed that nanoparticles have the ability to cross cell membranes and accumulate in specific organelles, favoring the targeted delivery of bioactive substances. This property has been applied in procedures such as drug delivery associated with microneedling, carboxytherapy, and the use of biostimulants. These strategies allow for the controlled release of rejuvenating, moisturizing, and depigmenting active ingredients, enhancing clinical effects and reducing tissue aggression. However, studies also indicate concerns related to toxicity, the risk of tissue accumulation, and the need for stricter regulations to ensure patient safety. The conclusion is that the incorporation of nanotechnology into aesthetic care represents a promising advance, with the potential to make procedures more effective and less invasive. However, its use must be accompanied by specific regulations and ongoing biosafety research, ensuring that clinical benefits are always aligned with the individual's protection and well-being.
PERFORMANCE OF THE BIOMEDICAL IN AESTHETIC BIOMEDICINE
Introduction: The performance of biomedical professionals in aesthetic biomedicine was formally recognized by Biomedicine in May 2019, through Resolution No. 307. This area is constantly evolving and is considered a promising field within health and wellness. Driven by the search for standards of beauty and self-esteem, this specialty allows the biomedical professional to work in the development and application of various treatments for facial and body aesthetic dysfunctions and those related to aging. Objective: To promote a bibliographic study on the performance of biomedical professionals in aesthetic biomedicine, highlighting their responsibilities and importance during facial, body and hair aesthetic procedures. Methodology: A narrative literature search was carried out between June and August 2025, using the following keywords: Aesthetic Biomedicine (AND) Self-Esteem (OR) Aesthetic Procedures. Searches were carried out in the Virtual Health Library database, including complete scientific articles published in Portuguese and English, which addressed professional performance in aesthetics. The following keywords were used: aesthetic procedures (and) face (or) body (or) capillary (and) trends. Results: The research showed that in addition to the physical aspects, the aesthetic treatments promoted by biomedical professionals positively impact on the self-esteem, self-image and quality of life of individuals, helping to minimize discomfort and complexes with appearance. Among the procedures that the biomedical esthete is qualified to perform are electrotherapy, aesthetic ultrasound (sonophoresis), radiofrequency, laser therapy, intense pulsed light and LED, chemical and mechanical peels, carboxytherapy, intradermotherapy, semi-permanent fillers and application of botulinum toxin. Conclusion: The Federal Council and the Regional Councils of Biomedicine strictly regulate and supervise the performance of the biomedical aesthete, establishing limits and essential conducts for patient safety.
SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC AND CLINICAL PROFILE OF PATIENTS WITH SYSTEMIC LUPUS
INTRODUCTION: As a multifaceted disease, an in-depth understanding of the sociodemographic and clinical profile of patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is crucial to optimize diagnosis and care management. OBJECTIVE: To characterize the variables related to the sociodemographic and clinical profile of SLE patients. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive, and observational study with a quantitative approach. Data were collected from SLE patients in August 2025 through an online questionnaire (Google Forms). RESULTS: From 34 responses, there was a predominance of females (97.1% – 33/34) and a higher age concentration between 18–30 years (35.3% – 12/34) and 31–40 years (32.4% – 11/34). Although 38.2% (13/34) reported a family income of 1–2 minimum wages, most diagnoses occurred in private clinics (70.5% – 23/34), with smaller proportions in public hospitals (29.4% – 9/34) and particularly in primary care (8.8% – 2/34), indicating limited capacity of primary care for suspicion, investigation, and timely diagnosis. Clinically, more than half of patients (55.9% – 19/30) presented comorbidities, the most prevalent being Hypertension (47.4% – 9/19), fibromyalgia (31.6% – 6/19), depression (15.8% – 3/19), rheumatoid arthritis (10.5% – 2/19), and Antiphospholipid Syndrome (10.5% – 2/19). Half of the patients (50% – 17/34) had been living with SLE for more than six years, and in 47.1% (16/34), the interval between symptom onset and diagnosis exceeded one year. Additionally, access to treatment emerged as a significant barrier: 47.1% (16/34) reported not having regular and free access, and 91.2% (31/34) stated that treatment causes a moderate to high financial burden. Thus, consistent with the literature, the study outlines a profile marked by female predominance in young age, high comorbidity burden, and, above all, barriers in access and resolution within the public health system, particularly in primary care, contributing to diagnostic delay. CONCLUSION: The sociodemographic and clinical profile identified highlights a persistent challenge in the journey of SLE patients: difficulty in accessing timely diagnosis. The predominance of diagnoses in private clinics, the financial burden associated with the treatment, the delay in definitive diagnosis, and the fragility of primary care underscore the need to restructure care pathways to mitigate delays and their consequences, ensuring that the patient’s journey is guided by continuous and resolutive care rather than obstacles.
COMBINED TECHNOLOGY FOR THE TREATMENT OF ALOPECIA
Introduction: Alopecia is a scalp disorder that directly affects the hair follicle, causing premature hair loss. However, combined treatment has a positive impact on reducing hair loss, and new hair growth is noticeable, since microneedling combined with minoxidil is an alternative treatment for this disorder. Objective: This study aims to highlight the effectiveness of combined therapeutic resources with cosmeceuticals for the treatment of alopecia. Method: This is a bibliographic research studied in academic sources such as Scielo and Google Scholar, using the keywords “hair microneedling,” “cosmeceuticals,” and “minoxidil,” obtaining 116 results, however, articles from 2018 to 2020 were filtered. In addition, the book Methods and Techniques of Aesthetic Evaluation, available in the virtual library, was consulted. Results: According to the studies analyzed, non-scarring alopecia conditions such as androgenetic alopecia (AGA), alopecia areata, and telogen effluvium are reversible, since the hair follicle has not yet died. In these cases, microneedling combined with the use of minoxidil showed positive results in increasing hair density. However, in cases of scarring alopecia, the condition becomes irreversible because inflammation causes permanent destruction and death of the follicle, making it impossible for new hairs to grow on the scalp. Conclusion: it can be concluded that combined technology for the treatment of scalp disorders, such as alopecia, has a positive impact on patients' lives, given that hair is closely linked to human self-esteem.
Sleep Disorders and Their Association with Psychiatric Disorders
Introduction: This study is an integrative review of the literature on sleep disorders and their associated symptoms in relation to psychiatric disorders. Patients with sleep disorders often have comorbidities with these disorders without a direct causal relationship. Additionally, evidence suggests that the pandemic has worsened sleep quality in children, consequently affecting their mental health. Understanding this relationship and possible intervention strategies is essential. Objectives: 1) Analyze the association between sleep disorders and psychiatric disorders. 2) Analyze possible interventions. Methodology: This integrative literature review investigated the association between sleep disorders and psychiatric disorders. To this end, searches were conducted in the Virtual Health Library (VHL) database using the following health science descriptors: "Mental Disorders," "Sleep Disorders," and "Health." After screening, five original articles published between 2020 and 2025 were included. Results: Children and adolescents with ADHD often experience sleep problems, which can exacerbate their symptoms, prompting them to seek clinical care. These sleep issues can negatively impact the quality of life for patients and their families. Children with neurodevelopmental disorders (such as ASD and ADHD) have a higher prevalence of sleep disorders than the general pediatric population. These disorders include difficulty falling asleep, nighttime awakenings, daytime sleepiness, circadian rhythm disturbances, and respiratory problems. These disorders can cause behavioral, emotional, and cognitive problems that impair academic performance and are associated with deficits in executive functions and memory. Evidence suggests that confinement during the pandemic was associated with an increase in sleep disorders related to excessive electronic device use and resistance to sleep. A study of Mexican children demonstrated this, reinforcing the role of external factors in children's mental health. The prevalence of sleep disorders is higher among adolescents with childhood anxiety emotional disorder (CAED). Loneliness, suicidal ideation, absence of physical education classes, and physical inactivity are significantly associated with CAED. Consequently, adolescents with anxiety directed at specific situations often have difficulty sleeping at night. Among adults, chronic diseases and multimorbidities were strongly associated with sleep problems. Depression and other mental illnesses were as significant as physical illnesses, such as spinal problems, lung problems, diabetes, and kidney failure, in causing sleep problems. Individuals with one or two diseases experienced approximately twice the number of sleep problems compared to those without these conditions, while individuals with three or more morbidities experienced approximately four times the number of sleep problems. Conclusions: Sleep disorders are associated with psychiatric disorders in various ways. They can be a cause or a symptom of an existing disorder. It is important to recognize that they often coexist and exacerbate each other. Early identification and treatment are crucial for a favorable prognosis and to prevent further deterioration. Tailoring specific interventions for each disorder to the uniqueness of each case is important to promote functional outcomes and respect patient subjectivity. Additionally, gender differences and vulnerabilities should be considered, as studies indicate significant variations in outcomes between men and women, as well as between more vulnerable groups.
IMPACT OF NIGHT SHIFTS ON SYMPTOMS OF BURNOUT AND DEPRESSION IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY RESIDENTS
INTRODUCTION: Burnout syndrome is defined as exhaustion resulting from excessive demands on energy, strength, or resources in performing a given activity. Depressive disorder consists of symptoms such as depressed mood, loss of interest/pleasure, and decreased energy, impairing individuals' ability to perform daily activities. Medical residency is an important stage in the training of medical specialists. Although this period provides new knowledge, skills, and competencies, it also requires a heavy workload, responsibilities, demands, and personal obligations. Given this, it is clear that the population of medical residents, especially those in gynecology and obstetrics (GO), is more exposed to factors that contribute to the development of anxiety, depression, and Burnout Syndrome. In addition, it is necessary to know that one of the aggravating factors of the situation is the shift worked, with night shifts being considered the most exhausting. From this perspective, there are still gaps in our knowledge about the night work of OB/GYN residents and its influence and impact on the development of depression and burnout syndrome in these individuals. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the impacts of night shifts on symptoms of burnout and depression in gynecology and obstetrics residents. METHODOLOGY: This is a literature review based on five articles in English, Spanish, and Portuguese published in PubMed, Scielo, and BVS over the last five years, using the following keywords: “Anxiety,” “Burnout,” “Depression,” and “Medical residency.” RESULTS: The literature shows that most of the population studied reported sleep deprivation, less supervision at night, and social isolation during shifts, which causes fatigue and chronic stress, in addition to increasing emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, reduced mood, risk of error during procedures, and impaired well-being (loss of quality of life). Studies also show that, when comparing night and day shifts, greater emotional exhaustion and lower personal fulfillment occur in residents during night shifts, in addition to suggesting that longer shift hours and lack of days off are predictors of burnout syndrome and depression. Associated with this, the duration and frequency of night shifts contribute significantly to the emergence of symptoms of burnout and depression in OB/GYN residents. Therefore, all studies have shown that OB/GYN residents who work night shifts have a high prevalence of burnout and depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION: It is clear that gynecology and obstetrics residents who work night shifts experience high levels of emotional exhaustion and a lower sense of personal fulfillment, which explains the significant prevalence of burnout and depression symptoms in these individuals. Therefore, there is a need to adjust the workload and structure of night shifts, combined with emotional support and mental health programs for residents.
LIFE’S ESSENTIAL 7 E MARCADORES ANTROPOMÉTRICOS EM TRABALHADORES: UM ESTUDO TRANSVERSAL
Cardiovascular diseases are considered the leading cause of mortality worldwide, and maintaining optimal cardiovascular health significantly contributes to reducing risk factors, including anthropometric measurements associated with obesity. The objective of this study is to compare CVS with anthropometric markers related to obesity among university staff at a higher education institution. This is a cross-sectional study conducted with 121 university staff of both sexes (71 women and 50 men). Seven metrics assessed CVS: diet, physical activity level, smoking status, total cholesterol, fasting blood glucose, systemic blood pressure, and body mass index. The anthropometric measurements considered were waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). The project was approved by the UniEVANGÉLICA Research Ethics Committee under number 4.512.382/2021. Data normality was tested using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. For comparison between groups, independent-samples ANOVA and the Kruskal-Wallis test were performed. The group with ideal CVS had lower WC (p<0.001) and WHR (p<0.001) values compared to the groups with moderate and poor CVS. It is concluded that ideal CVS levels are associated with better anthropometric indicators related to obesity, highlighting the importance of cardiovascular health promotion strategies for reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease.
Copper has been widely used by humanity since ancient times, with historical records dating back to the Egyptians around 2600 BC, when it was applied in wound healing and water purification. Over centuries, copper has also been employed in medicine, biology, and engineering due to its antimicrobial activity and high thermal and electrical conductivity. In the modern era, where antimicrobial resistance poses a serious global health threat, copper nanoparticles and molecular clusters have attracted significant attention as potential alternatives to conventional antibiotics. In this study, we investigated the molecular and electronic properties of copper clusters Cu₇, Cu₈, and Cu₉ through computational simulations combining spectroscopic analysis with ab initio quantum mechanical methods. These approaches allowed us to evaluate the stability, coordination modes, and redox potential of the clusters, which are critical factors in their interaction with bacterial environments. The simulations revealed that Cu₇, Cu₈, and Cu₉ clusters exhibit strong electronic stability and the ability to undergo redox cycling between Cu(I) and Cu(II), enabling catalytic activity in Fenton-like reactions that generate reactive oxygen species (ROS). Such ROS, including hydroxyl radicals and superoxide anions, cause oxidative stress in bacterial cells, leading to lipid peroxidation, protein denaturation, and DNA fragmentation. This mechanism explains the Strong bactericidal effects observed in experimental studies of copper nanoparticles Against multidrug-resistant pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Furthermore, the modeling results suggest that the size and atomic arrangement of the clusters directly influence their capacity to release copper ions and enhance ROS production. Taken together, these findings support the hypothesis that copper clusters can serve as highly effective antimicrobial agents, opening possibilities for their application in coatings for hospital environments, medical devices, and therapeutic formulations. The integration of computational spectroscopy with ab initio quantum mechanics proved to be a successful strategy to predict molecular behavior and validate experimental observations, reinforcing the importance of theoretical methods in the rational design of novel nanomaterials. Looking ahead, copper-based nanoparticles and clusters are expected to play an increasingly relevant role in the development of nextgeneration antimicrobial therapies capable of overcoming the growing challenge of antibiotic resistance.
KINESIO TAPING IN POSTPARTUM AND POSTOPERATIVE CARE: A NARRATIVE REVIEW OF CLINICAL APPLICATIONS AND OUTCOMES
Kinesio Taping has emerged as a complementary therapeutic resource in both postpartum recovery and postoperative rehabilitation. Its proposed effects include improvement of lymphatic drainage, reduction of edema, pain control, and support of musculoskeletal structures, contributing to functional recovery and patient well-being. This narrative review aims to analyze the evidence regarding the use of Kinesio Taping in postpartum women and patients in the postoperative period, focusing on its mechanisms of action, clinical applications, and reported benefits. Articles published in PubMed, Scielo, and ScienceDirect were reviewed to provide a comprehensive overview of the subject. The findings suggest that taping is effective in reducing swelling and discomfort, improving circulation, enhancing tissue healing, and supporting abdominal and musculoskeletal stability in postpartum recovery. In postoperative care, its application has been associated with decreased pain, accelerated functional return, and prevention of complications such as seroma and hematoma. Despite its promising results, current literature still highlights the need for standardized protocols and further randomized clinical trials to confirm efficacy and long-term outcomes. In conclusion, Kinesio Taping represents a safe, low-cost, and non-invasive therapeutic tool that can be incorporated into multidisciplinary strategies for postpartum and postoperative management.
ADVANCES IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF HEMATOLOGICAL DISEASES WITH ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Advances in the diagnosis of blood diseases through the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) are increasingly being explored in the healthcare field. AI enables rapid and accurate analysis of laboratory tests and images, identifying patterns that are often not noticeable to human observation. The objective of this study is to present the benefits and applications of AI in the diagnosis of hematological pathologies, such as leukemia and sickle cell anemia, highlighting its potential to enable earlier and more accessible diagnoses. The study is a literature review... bibliographic survey of recent studies on the use of machine learning techniques and convolutional neural networks in the analysis of blood counts and microscopic images, including the use of explainable Artificial Intelligence. The results indicate that AI can achieve accuracy greater than 95% in hematological diagnoses, with emphasis on models that achieved 98% accuracy in detecting acute lymphoblastic leukemia and 96% in identifying sickle cell anemia. In addition, its implementation in low-infrastructure contexts, through mobile devices, demonstrates potential for expanding access to diagnosis. It is also observed that the incorporation of AI in primary care increases resolution and improves clinical screening. It is concluded that Artificial Intelligence represents a significant advance for hematology, providing faster, more economical, and more reliable diagnoses. However, its full adoption requires clinical validation, professional training, and ethical regulation, ensuring that the technology acts as a support to medical work and contributes to greater equity in health.
EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES AND MIRNAS IN BREAST CANCER: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW ON PROFILES AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON TUMOR PROGRESSION
Breast cancer remains one of the major challenges in global public health, owing to its high incidence and biological heterogeneity. Among the diverse mechanisms underlying its progression, intercellular communication plays a pivotal role, largely mediated by extracellular vesicles (EVs). These nanoscale structures function as messengers, transporting a wide range of biomolecules—such as proteins, lipids, and RNAs—between cells within the tumor microenvironment. Within the cargo of EVs, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as key regulators. These small non-coding RNA molecules modulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Recent evidence demonstrates that EV-associated miRNAs released by tumor cells influence multiple hallmarks of carcinogenesis, including cell proliferation, apoptosis evasion, invasion, angiogenesis, and therapeutic resistance. In this context, the present study aims to perform a systematic literature review to map the profiles of miRNAs contained in EVs secreted by breast cancer cells, and to elucidate their role in biological processes associated with tumor progression. The methodology is based on comprehensive searches conducted under strict inclusion and exclusion criteria. The expected outcomes include the identification of key miRNAs differentially expressed in EVs, as well as the characterization of their functional relevance. Such insights may provide the foundation for the development of novel therapeutic strategies and prognostic biomarkers for breast cancer.
SAPHENOUS VEIN VS. SYNTHETIC GRAFT IN LOWER LIMB REVASCULARIZATION: A SIMPLE SUMMARY
Introduction: Surgical revascularization is essential in the treatment of critical limb ischemia. The most commonly used conduits are the autologous saphenous vein and synthetic grafts (ePTFE or HePTFE). The choice directly impacts the effectiveness and durability of treatment. Objective: To compare the clinical outcomes of autologous saphenous vein versus synthetic grafts in infrainguinal revascularization. Methodology: This is a literature review, with data sourced from the National Library of Medicine (PubMed) and MEDLINE, using the following descriptors: “Peripheral Arterial Disease,” “Critical Limb Ischemia,” “synthetic graft,” “ePTFE,” “HePTFE,” “saphenous vein,” “patency,” “limb salvage,” and “survival.” A total of 18 original studies in Portuguese and English, published between 2008 and 2023, were selected. These studies directly compared autologous saphenous vein and synthetic grafts in lower limb revascularization. Results: The saphenous vein demonstrated higher primary patency (78–79% at 12 months) and secondary patency (up to 70% at 5 years) compared to synthetic grafts (68–72% and up to 50%). Heparin-bonded prostheses showed intermediate performance. Complications such as infection and thrombosis were more prevalent in synthetic grafts. Conclusion: The autologous saphenous vein remains the gold standard for infrainguinal revascularization, with greater durability and fewer complications. Synthetic grafts, particularly HePTFE, are viable alternatives when the vein is unavailable, with favorable outcomes in selected cases.
FRACTIONATION OF MEDICINES: STRATEGY FOR THE RATIONAL USE OF MEDICINES AND EXPANSION OF ACCESS TO HEALTH IN BRAZIL.
The pharmaceutical industry has a great global economic and social impact, but in Brazil it still faces challenges of innovation and production. The fractionation of medicines, regulated by ANVISA (RDC No. 80/2006), emerges as an alternative to expand the population's access, reduce waste and losses, combat self-medication and promote the rational use of medicines, especially in the case of antimicrobials. This study analyzed the registrations of drugs with "Fractional Presentation" granted by the National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA) between 2019 and 2021, focusing on antimicrobials from the National List of Essential Medicines, RENAME. Data collection returned a total of 138 records, of which only 41.7% presented registrations of drugs with fractional presentation linked to the components of RENAME, while 20.8% of the records were invalid or expired from commercialization with ANVISA. It was also observed that 37.5% of the drugs are registered, but do not consider the proper presentation for fractionation. Among the antimicrobial drugs surveyed, Azithromycin 500 mg tablet was the most representative drug with 50% of valid registrations, followed by Metronidazole 400 mg tablet (40%) and Clarithromycin 500 mg tablet (33%). It was observed, however, that about 89% of the industries do not offer fractionated products in their portfolios, showing that this practice is not yet consolidated in the practice of the Brazilian pharmaceutical industry. Considering that pharmaceutical presentations in large volumes contribute to waste and the risk of self-medication, fractionation represents an effective strategy to optimize resources, improve therapeutic adherence and reduce environmental impacts. In the public sector, fractional packaging enables resource savings and favors sustainable public management. In the private sector, it alleviates drug costs for families and companies. In view of the above scenario, it can be stated that the effective implementation of fractionation of medicines depends mainly on the engagement and adherence of the pharmaceutical industries in making medicines available in their fractional presentations, in addition to the need for educational campaigns aimed at educating the population on the subject and encouraging continuing education by health professionals, in order to consolidate a more accessible health system. rational and sustainable.
CARDIORESPIRATORY DISEASES IN BRAZIL: MORTALITY ANALYSIS AND IMPACTS IN MUNICIPALITIES OF THE COUNTRYSIDE OF GOIÁS
Cardiorespiratory diseases represent a serious public health problem in Brazil, ranking as the leading cause of death in the country. In 2023, around 400,000 Brazilians lost their lives due to 18 such diseases. Although some analyses point to stability in mortality rates from cardiorespiratory diseases, the high incidence and mortality, especially in states such as Goiás, highlight the need for investigations into contributing factors and interventions to mitigate this scenario.Investigating the high mortality from cardiorespiratory diseases in Brazil, with a focus on the high rates of myocardial infarction and other conditions in Goiás, seeks to understand the contributing factors. The data were collected through field research conducted at municipal health departments in Goiás, using data analysis techniques to obtain the best results. Given the gradual increase in mortality rates from cardiorespiratory diseases in Goiás during the period 2023/2024,significant data were identified in smaller towns with relatively low populations. For example, Nova Glória reported 43 deaths, ltapaci, in total, 239 deaths,Ipiranga, 5 deaths, Rubiataba, 33 deaths, and São Patrício, 8 deaths. Thus, research shows that diseases related to the cardiovascular system are the main causes of the aforementioned statistics, affecting about 0.20% of the Brazilian population. It is concluded that such results demonstrate the critical nature of the situation, making investments in prevention, faster diagnoses, and more accessible and humanized care essential.
EFFECTIVENESS OF MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES FOR ABNORMAL FINDINGS IN PAP SMEAR SCREENING
Introduction: Cervical cancer represents a serious public health issue in Brazil, with an estimated 16,710 new cases in 2023 (INCA). The Pap smear test is an essential method for cervical cancer screening, enabling early identification of cellular abnormalities. The effectiveness of clinical management strategies adopted in response to these abnormal results is crucial to prevent the progression of precursor lesions, as studies have shown that 15–30% of cases with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) may progress to high-grade lesions without proper follow-up. This study addresses the main evidence-based clinical approaches and their effectiveness in practice. Objective: To systematically analyze the recommended clinical management strategies for different abnormal Pap smear results, according to the guidelines established by INCA (2023) and the World Health Organization (2021), and to evaluate their effectiveness in preventing cervical cancer. Methods: A narrative review of scientific literature and both national and international guidelines was conducted, focusing on the Bethesda classification system and recommended follow-up protocols. Results: Low-grade results such as LSIL and ASC-US are generally managed with repeat cytology in 6 to 12 months or HPV testing, due to the high rate of spontaneous regression. High-grade results like HSIL require immediate referral for colposcopy and biopsy, with treatment (e.g., conization) initiated upon confirmation. Studies indicate that adherence to these evidence-based protocols can reduce the incidence of invasive cervical cancer by up to 70%. Conclusion: Evidence-based strategies for managing abnormal Pap smear results are highly effective in preventing cervical cancer. Proper follow-up and coordination between primary care and specialized services are essential to ensure the success of these interventions. However, challenges such as poor adherence to follow-up—especially in the North and Northeast regions of Brazil—and unequal access to colposcopy services remain significant barriers.
Mortality from Cardiopulmonary Diseases in Brazil: Data from 2023–2024
This study aimed to analyze mortality fromcardiopulmonary diseases in Brazil, with emphasis on theState of Goiás and the municipalities of Itapuranga, Uruana, and Uruíta, between the years 2022 and 2024. Cardiopulmonary diseases, such as Chronic ObstructivePulmonary Disease (COPD), pneumonia, and heart failure, are among the leading causes of death in the country, especially among the elderly. It is estimated that theseconditions account for around 400,000 deaths annually in Brazil, highlighting their relevance to public health andthe need for continuous preventive actions. To conduct thestudy, a descriptive and quantitative approach wasadopted, based on the analysis of secondary data extractedfrom the Mortality Information System (SIM) of theMinistry of Health and from the statistical panels of theGoiás State Health Department. Records of deaths fromcardiopulmonary diseases between 2022 and 2024 wereconsidered, focusing on the aforementionedmunicipalities. Data were organized into comparativetables and analyzed for temporal variation. In themunicipality of Itapuranga, deaths increased significantly, rising from 13 in 2022 to 37 in 2023. In Uruana andUruíta, however, a reduction was observed: from 29 deaths in 2023 to 23 in 2024, suggesting possible positive effects of local health actions. The results underscore theimportance of effective public policies, focusing onprevention, early diagnosis, and strengthening of primarycare, especially in inland regions.
ACTIVE ROLE-PLAY METHODOLOGY IN TEACHING COMMUNICATION IN MEDICINE: CORRELATIONS WITH EPAS AND PRACTICE MANAGEMENT
Introduction: Role-play, as an active learning methodology, has gained prominence in medical education due to its potential to integrate communication skills into professional practice. It provides experiential learning that enables students to develop empathy and teamwork, enhancing entrustability as professionals. Objective: To analyze role-play as a pedagogical strategy for teaching communication skills in medicine, correlating it with Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs) and practice (clinic) management. Methods: A narrative review was conducted in PubMed and SciELO, focusing on studies published between 2020 and 2025 that investigated the use of role-play in medical education. Results: Evidence indicates that role-play improves empathy, confidence, and collaboration, outperforming traditional lectures in communication outcomes¹. Scenario-based role-play significantly enhances students’ performance in clinical interviews, case presentations, and breaking bad news, aligning directly with EPA requirements that include effective communication as an essential competence expected of learners². Peer role-play has been identified as a cost-effective and less stressful alternative to standardized patients, fostering reflection and self-assessment³. Moreover, role-play strengthens practice management by promoting clarity of communication, reducing errors, improving treatment adherence, and advancing patient safety⁴.The strategy also enables independent assessment of skills, ensuringthey meet required communication standards⁵.Conclusion: Implementation of this strategy is consistent with National Curriculum Guidelines across health programs. Role-play is a valuable pedagogical approach that integrates educational theory and practice, ensuring the development of entrustable communication competencies in line with EPAs and practice management. Its integration into medical curricula contributes both to professional training and to improving the quality of care and the efficiency of the health system.
SLEEP QUALITY AND MENTAL HEALTH IN MEDICAL STUDENTS
Poor sleep quality is a frequent yet underestimated determinant of mental health among medical students worldwide. Growing evidence indicates that irregular schedules, heavy workloads, and high stress levels during medical training contribute to insomnia, daytime sleepiness, and mood disturbances. This study aimed to synthesize recent findings on the prevalence, correlates, and consequences of sleep disturbances among medical students. An integrative review was conducted using five peer-reviewed studies indexed in PubMed (Vidović et al., 2025; Valladares-Garrido et al., 2025; Almalki et al., 2025; Vasava et al., 2025; Tran et al., 2023). These studies, performed in diverse geographic settings, assessed sleep quality mainly through the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and related it to mental health indicators such as depression, anxiety, stress, and academic performance. Across the studies, between one-third and three-quarters of medical students reported poor sleep quality, with particularly high rates in preclinical years and in female students. Insomnia and delayed sleep onset were consistently associated with higher odds of anxiety, depressive symptoms, and stress (odds ratios ranging from 2.5 to 3.5), as well as reduced life satisfaction and impaired academic performance. Factors such as excessive screen time, high perceived stress, and inadequate coping strategies emerged as important contributors to sleep problems. The converging evidence highlights a global and multifactorial burden of sleep disturbances in medical education. These findings underscore the need for institutional strategies to promote sleep hygiene and mental well-being, including stress management programs, early screening for insomnia, and curricular adjustments to reduce sleep deprivation. Addressing sleep quality as a modifiable risk factor may improve not only the mental health but also the academic success of future physicians.
THE CONTRIBUTION OF NURSING TO THE CONTROL AND PREVENTION OF OBESITY
Introduction: Obesity is a chronic disease that directly compromises individuals' quality of life. Nursing management plays an essential role in the prevention and control of excess weight. Appropriate monitoring has been shown to improve clinical outcomes and promote health. Objective: To review the scientific literature on the relevance of nursing management in obesity. Methods: This literature review was conducted using the PICO strategy. The following articles in Portuguese, published in the last five years, were included in the study: A comprehensive search was conducted in August 2025 in the PubMed, BVS, and SciELO databases. The search terms "Nursing," "Control," "Prevention," and "Obesity" were combined using the Boolean operators AND and OR. Results: The articles emphasize cardiovascular diseases, including arterial hypertension, as consequences of obesity, reinforcing the importance of nursing management in the prevention and control of these conditions. They highlight the challenges posed by factors such as inadequate treatment adherence and complications arising from untreated conditions, reinforcing the fundamental role of nursing in promoting healthy habits. Conclusion: Obesity has been shown to be strongly associated with cardiovascular disease and requires ongoing nursing care. Appropriate management strategies emphasize disease prevention and control. Despite the challenges faced, nursing plays an indispensable role in promoting healthy habits and improving quality of life.
BACTERIAL BIOFILMS: THERAPEUTIC CHALLENGES AND TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES IN INFECTION CONTROL
Introduction: Bacterial biofilms are complex structures formed by microorganisms adhered to surfaces and embedded in a protective extracellular matrix, representing one of the main mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance in clinical settings. They are estimated to account for up to 80% of persistent hospital infections, posing a major challenge to healthcare systems worldwide. Objective: To analyze the mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance associated with bacterial biofilms and to identify technological innovations applicable to the control of healthcare-associated infections. Methodology: A bibliographic review was conducted between August 2024 and May 2025, using the BVS, SciELO, LILACS, and PubMed databases. Descriptors related to bacterial biofilms, antimicrobial resistance, hospital infections, and innovative technologies were applied, with careful selection of relevant and recent studies. Results and discussion: The studies reviewed indicate that biofilms exhibit multiple resistance mechanisms, including physical barriers, efflux pumps, horizontal gene transfer, and persister cells. Infections associated with medical devices are particularly recalcitrant, showing treatment failure rates up to a thousand times higher than planktonic infections. Emerging technological innovations include metallic nanoparticles, controlled drug delivery systems, antibiofilm peptides, photodynamic therapy, and surface-modified materials. Combined approaches, especially those integrating nanotechnology with conventional antimicrobials, have shown promising results by enhancing biofilm penetration and reducing the required therapeutic doses. Conclusion: Developing innovative strategies for biofilm control represents a critical frontier in clinical microbiology and patient safety. The integration of nanotechnology into conventional protocols offers promising perspectives for addressing biofilm-mediated antimicrobial resistance, highlighting the need for continuous investment in translational research.
Introduction: Exosomes are extracellular vesicles produced by several cells, specifically, those derived from stem cells, they are used in skin regeneration applications. Exosomes act on cell renewal through the growth factors of nearby epithelial cells. Thus, exosomes are a promising strategy in advanced aesthetics, with the potential to promote tissue repair and delay skin aging. Objective: To conduct a bibliographic study on the use of exosomes in facial treatments, highlighting their responsibilities and importance during aesthetic procedures. Methodology: A narrative literature search was carried out in August 2025, using the following keywords: Exosomes (AND); (AND) Facial treatments (OR) Aesthetics. The searches were carried out in the PubMed database, including complete scientific articles published in Portuguese and English, which addressed the professional performance in facial treatments. Results: The results indicate that exosomes derived from stem cells promote multiple regenerative effects on the skin: marked cell proliferation and resistance to oxidative stress, as well as acceleration of healing and improvement of fibroblast function. Specifically, exosomes containing the lncRNA MALAT1 accelerate regeneration based on activation of the miR-378a/FGF2 axis. In addition, exosomes from adipose-derived stem cells have been shown to be effective in improving the healing of cutaneous wounds. Conclusion: Exosomes show great potential in facial treatments, promoting cell regeneration, healing and improving fibroblast function. Its application represents an innovative and less invasive strategy in advanced aesthetics. It is important to carry out more clinical studies to consolidate safe and standardized protocols. KEYWORDS: Tissue Repair. Aesthetics. Skin Regeneration. Facial Treatments.
THERAPEUTIC EFFECTS OF ESSENTIAL OILS IN REDUCING ANXIETY
Anxiety has become increasingly common, affecting work, leisure, rest, and quality of life. Although there are several drug treatments available, prolonged use can lead to dependence, significant side effects, and, in some cases, serious consequences such as hallucinations and prostration. In this circumstance, aromatherapy, more specifically with essential oils, is a valuable aid, as scientific studies and research demonstrate its positive effect on anxiety control and make it a complementary practice for treatment. The present study aimed to evaluate anxiety control through the use of essential oils and, consequently, the improvement in quality of life. A descriptive literature review was conducted in the PubMed and Scielo databases, with a time frame of 5 years (2020 to 2025). After analyzing the articles, it was identified that essential oils of Lavandula angustifolia (lavender), Citrus bergamia (bergamot), Citrus aurantium (bitter orange), Citrus sinensis (sweet orange), Pelargonium graveolens (rose geranium), and Protium heptaphyllum (banyan tree) have a significant effect against anxiety, acting on GABA receptors and, consequently, promoting relaxation, a more favorable mood, and a reduction in symptoms caused by excessive stress. Clinical studies have shown positive effects in children, reducing anxiety in moments of high stress with the use of lavender and orange, but in people with autism spectrum disorder, the results were not significant. In adults and the elderly, the use of essential oils was of great value, reducing generalized anxiety and providing an improvement in the quality of life of people suffering from fibromyalgia. The use of Protium heptaphyllum provided better quality of life, mood, and sleep, but had no impact on fibromyalgia pain. Data analysis showed that more than 80% of the studies analyzed had significant effects with low side effects, promoting a complementary practice for the treatment of anxiety. It is concluded that the use of essential oils provides a complement to the treatment of anxiety without major risks, accessible and effective. Despite this, controlled clinical trials are still necessary to standardize doses, methods of administration, and duration of use.
IMPACT OF HEART ANATOMY ON TESTS THAT ASSESS CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide, requiring accurate diagnostic methods for early detection, monitoring, and prevention of complications. Tests such as echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR), and coronary angiography are essential. However, cardiac anatomical variations can interfere with the accuracy of these tests, compromising diagnosis.
NURSES ROLE IN THE TREATMENT OF SKIN LESIONS IN DIABETIC PATIENTS: EXPERIENCE REPORT
Introduction: Diabetic foot is a common complication of diabetes mellitus, characterized by infections, ulcers, and necrosis in the lower limbs, increasing the risk of amputation. Patients with the disease are more vulnerable to developing these lesions. In this context, the nursing team's role is crucial for early detection, prevention, and appropriate referral. Objective: To report the experience of nursing monitoring in the care of a patient with diabetes mellitus and a severe skin lesion on the lower limb. Methods: This is an experience report carried out in a Primary Health Care Unit in Carmo do Rio Verde, Goiás, Brazil, between June 16 and July 11, 2025. Data were obtained from nursing consultations and electronic health records. The patient was followed for approximately three to four times per week, on different days (June 16- Monday; June 23 – Monday; June 27 – Friday; June 28 – Saturday; June 30 – Monday; July 2 – Wednesday; and July 11 – Friday). The nursing actions included wound assessment, dressing, administration of prescribed medications, monitoring blood pressure and blood glucose, patient education and coordination of referral to vascular surgery. Experience report: The nurse worked in the care of a diabetic patient with a severe lower limb lesion, performing dressings, administering medications, clinical monitoring, and referring patients for vascular surgery. Despite the progression to amputation of two toes, nursing monitoring after hospital discharge ensured self-care guidance, glycemic control, and prevention of further complications. Conclusion: This experience report highlights the importance of nursing in the care of skin lesions in diabetic patients, from the initial assessment to specialist referral, reducing complications and thus promoting a better quality of life for the patient.
STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS RESEARCH AND QUALITY ANALYSIS OF FRESH HOMEMADE MILK SOLD IN THE CITY OF ANÁPOLIS - GO
This study analyzes the microbiological and physicochemical quality of homemade fresh milk sold in Anápolis, Brazil, with a focus on the detection of Staphylococcus aureus, a pathogenic microorganism associated with foodborne intoxications. The research aims to identify possible failures in hygiene practices during milking and storage, while also comparing the results with the standards established by Brazilian legislation. Over the course of one year, samples will be collected from different properties and informal sale points and subjected to physicochemical analyses (pH, acidity, density, fat, protein, cryoscopy, and water activity) as well as microbiological tests (mesophilic bacteria, coliforms, yeasts, molds, and S. aureus using Baird-Parker selective medium and confirmatory assays). The expected findings include variations in physicochemical parameters and the presence of S. aureus in some samples, which may indicate risks to public health. This study concludes that the generated data can support educational initiatives and raise awareness among both producers and consumers about the importance of hygienic practices in dairy production. Furthermore, the results may contribute to reinforcing sanitary control strategies and ensuring safer consumption of artisanal milk products.
COMPARISON BETWEEN OPEN SURGERY AND ENDOVASCULAR REPAIR IN THE TREATMENT OF ABDOMINAL AORTIC ANEURYSM: AN INTEGRATIVE REVIEW
Introduction: Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a serious vascular condition that predominantly affects elderly individuals and those with cardiovascular risk factors, representing an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Two main surgical techniques are used: open repair (OAR) and endovascular repair (EVAR). Although both are widely performed, their selection remains controversial regarding perioperative mortality, long-term survival, complications, quality of life, and reinterventions. Objective: To compare clinical outcomes between OAR and EVAR based on recent scientific evidence. Methods: An integrative review was conducted through searches in PubMed Central and the Virtual Health Library (VHL). Inclusion criteria were original studies published between 2019 and 2024, with free full-text access, directly comparing OAR and EVAR in patients with AAA. Systematic reviews, non-comparative studies, and articles without clear clinical outcomes were excluded. Five studies met the criteria and were analyzed. Results: The findings indicated that EVAR is associated with lower perioperative mortality, shorter operative time, reduced blood loss, and shorter hospital stay, which makes it an attractive option for patients at high surgical risk, especially the elderly. However, EVAR demonstrated a higher incidence of late aneurysm-related complications and an increased need for reinterventions in long-term follow-up. In contrast, OAR was linked to higher immediate morbidity and longer hospital stay, but lower reintervention rates and, in some cohorts, greater five-year survival. Quality of life assessments revealed that patients undergoing EVAR reported faster recovery and higher satisfaction in the early postoperative months, although differences between the two groups diminished over time. Mortality at five years was generally comparable, though some studies suggested greater long-term durability with OAR in selected populations. Conclusion: Both techniques present specific advantages, and the choice should be individualized according to patient age, comorbidities, anatomical conditions, and surgical risk. EVAR may be preferable for high-risk candidates due to its immediate safety profile, while OAR may represent a more durable approach for clinically fit patients. The therapeutic decision must be multidisciplinary and evidence based. Future prospective studies with follow-up beyond ten years are needed to clarify long-term outcomes and improve patient selection.
THE PRINCIPLE OF NON-SELF-INCRIMINATION IN APPROACHES FOR DRUNKENNESS WHEN DRIVING MOTOR VEHICLES
This study aims to examine the principle of non-self-incrimination, encapsulated in the Latin maxim nemo tenetur se detegere, and its connection with the means of proving intoxication in the context of drunk driving offenses. The principle of non-self-incrimination emerged from the need to overcome inhumane methods of obtaining confessions and establishes that no individual is compelled to provide evidence against themselves. The high number of fatalities resulting from alcohol-impaired driving led the legislature to take action through Laws No. 11,705/2008 and No. 12,760/2012, which intensified penalties for intoxicated drivers. This paper analyzes the legislative progress in the criminal treatment of drunk driving offenses. Additionally, it investigates the appropriate means of proving intoxication in criminal cases, particularly those requiring the defendant's cooperation. The relevance of this study lies in the need to efficiently combat drunk driving while reconciling the State’s jus puniendi with fundamental rights and guarantees, particularly concerning the nemo tenetur se detegere principle and evidence production. The research adopts a qualitative bibliographic methodology, drawing on legal doctrine, jurisprudence, and legislation related to the topic.
RISK FACTORS FOR DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS IN HOSPITALIZED ADULTS: AN INTEGRATIVE REVIEW
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a serious condition associated with complications such as pulmonary embolism, which significantly impact morbidity and mortality. Despite advances in diagnosis and prophylactic strategies, the early identification of risk factors remains essential to improving clinical outcomes. This integrative review aimed to identify and critically analyze the main risk factors for DVT in adults, with an emphasis on the hospital setting. The study used the PICo strategy (P: adults; I: risk factors; Co: hospital setting). Searches were conducted in PubMed, SciELO, and Scopus databases, using the descriptors “trombose venosa profunda,” “deep vein thrombosis,” “fatores de risco,” and “risk factors,” combined with Boolean operators. A total of 152 articles were initially identified, of which 47 duplicates and 89 that did not meet eligibility criteria were excluded. Sixteen articles were assessed in full, and eight original studies published in the last five years, in Portuguese or English, with free full-text availability, were included in the final analysis. The most frequent risk factors were advanced age, prolonged immobilization, previous history of DVT, comorbidities such as diabetes and hypertension, and elevated levels of the laboratory marker D-dimer, which is a sensitive indicator of thrombosis. In orthopedic and critically ill patients, hospital-related factors such as central venous catheter use, prolonged surgical time, and mechanical ventilation showed statistically significant associations. Obesity demonstrated variable impact, probably related to methodological heterogeneity among studies, whereas patients with COVID-19 presented an increased risk due to systemic inflammation and corticosteroid use. The heterogeneity of the findings highlights the need for individualized risk stratification, combining clinical and laboratory information to enhance the prevention and management of DVT. The implementation of protocols based on this stratification may reduce thromboembolic complications and optimize hospital resources. These findings reinforce the importance of individualized approaches and contribute to the development of evidence-based practices in hospital care. Future multicenter studies with larger samples are needed to validate these findings and consolidate clinical guidelines.
CORNEAL CROSS-LINKING AS A THERAPEUTIC APPROACH IN PEDIATRIC KERATOCONUS
INTRODUCTION: Keratoconus is a disease characterized by progressive, asymmetric, and bilateral thinning of the cornea, resulting in irregular astigmatism and visual loss. It occurs mainly in childhood and adolescence and may progress until the fourth decade of life. The earlier the diagnosis, the faster and more aggressively the disease tends to progress, potentially causing significant visual impairment. Traditionally, management includes glasses or contact lenses, but these methods do not prevent the progression of keratoconus, which may eventually require corneal transplantation. Thus, corneal cross-linking (CXL) has emerged as a technique to stabilize the disease. CXL consists of applying riboflavin (vitamin B2) to the cornea, followed by exposure to ultraviolet-A (UV-A) light, promoting cross-link formation between collagen fibers, which increases corneal stiffness and helps prevent keratoconus progression. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of CXL in preventing the worsening of keratoconus in children affected by the disease. METHODOLOGY: This is a literature review including four clinical trials retrieved from the PubMed database (2020–2025), in Portuguese and English. Studies addressing CXL in children with keratoconus and reporting outcomes regarding treatment effectiveness were included, while reviews and articles not covering the topic were excluded. RESULTS: The studies analyzed on CXL in pediatric keratoconus report consistent results regarding the effectiveness and safety of the procedure. In the short and medium term, most studies observed stabilization of corneal degeneration, along with improved visual acuity and maintenance or reduction of corneal curvature. In long-term follow-up, the benefits of treatment tended to persist, with good preservation of corneal integrity and visual acuity. Nevertheless, a small proportion of patients showed recurrence of disease progression, suggesting that the effect of CXL may not be definitive in all cases. Overall, the studies converge in indicating that cross-linking is a safe method, with a low incidence of significant complications and strong potential to preserve vision in children and adolescents with progressive keratoconus. Furthermore, the treatment was generally well tolerated, with few adverse events or severe complications. CONCLUSION: Therefore, CXL has proven to be an effective and safe alternative in the treatment of pediatric keratoconus, helping to stabilize or delay disease progression. Findings also suggest that early treatment may be crucial to avoid progression to advanced stages and reduce the need for corneal transplantation. Thus, cross-linking can be considered an essential tool in the management of keratoconus, offering promising outcomes in pediatric patients. Since the disease tends to be more aggressive in this age group, CXL contributes to preserving visual acuity and quality of life while preventing more severe cases.
GESTATIONAL DIABETES IN ADULT WOMEN: INFLUENCE OF DIET AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ON GLYCEMIC CONTROL
Introduction: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most prevalent obstetric complications, increasing the risk of type 2 diabetes for both mother and child. Adequate diet and regular physical activity contribute to glycemic control and reduce complications. Objective: To review the literature to see if interventions involving physical activity and a healthy diet can reduce blood glucose levels in women with GDM. Methods: This is a literature review conducted based on the PICO strategy. Studies published in the last five years, in Portuguese or English, that specifically addressed pregnant women diagnosed with gestational diabetes who underwent interventions involving physical activity and diet were included. The search, conducted in August 2025, was conducted in the PubMed and BVS databases, using the descriptors "gestational diabetes," "physical activity," and "diet," combined with the Boolean operator AND. A total of 85 articles were identified, of which only four met the eligibility criteria. Results: The four included studies showed that the combination of a controlled diet and regular physical activity improves glycemic control in pregnant women with gestational diabetes. Some studies reported reduced fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels, reduced need for medication, a lower prevalence of gestational hypertension and preeclampsia, and a reduction in fetal macrosomia. Conclusion: The evidence analyzed confirms that interventions combining a controlled diet and regular physical activity are safe and effective strategies for managing gestational diabetes mellitus, contributing to reducing the need for pharmacological treatment and the occurrence of maternal and neonatal complications.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PLASTIC SURGERY AND THE SELF-ESTEEM OF BRAZILIAN MEN AND WOMEN
INTRODUCTION: Brazil ranks second worldwide in the number of plastic surgeries performed, and this rate has been steadily increasing. The scientific and social relevance of this study lies in the attempt to understand the growing demand for plastic surgeries in Brazil. OBJECTIVE: To investigate, based on recent literature, the relationship between undergoing plastic surgery and the enhancement of self-esteem among Brazilian individuals. METHODOLOGY: An integrative literature review was conducted using articles retrieved from SciELO and Google Scholar databases. Using descriptors combined with Boolean operators (AND, OR), 1,345 articles were identified, of which 5 met the inclusion criteria. Exclusion criteria: publications prior to 2019, non-free access, and studies involving non-adult patients. Inclusion criteria: studies involving Brazilian patients of both sexes and texts written in Portuguese. RESULTS: The reviewed studies indicated that surgical procedures increase self-esteem in the postoperative period. Social, familial, and media-related factors were observed to influence the decision to undergo surgery. Gender differences were identified: women seek a younger and more attractive appearance, while men generally undergo procedures later in their careers, aiming to conform to professional standards. CONCLUSION: The relationship between plastic surgery and self-esteem is strongly mediated by sociocultural and media influences. Aesthetic procedures indeed enhance patients’ self-esteem; however, further research is necessary to deepen the understanding of this phenomenon.
BIOTECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES IN NUTRACEUTICAL FOR PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV
Introduction: One of the main global challenges in terms of public health is infection by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), the virus causes significant impacts on the immune system and quality of life of infected people. Despite therapeutic advances that include antiretroviral therapy, the deficiency of essential micronutrients such as vitamins and minerals can compromise the immune response and aggravate the progression of the disease, in response to this reality supplementation with nutraceuticals, compounds derived from foods with therapeutic properties, has been studied as an ally in the care of people living with HIV. Objective: This study aims to analyze biotechnological advances with an emphasis on new technologies and the clinical impacts of nutritional supplementation for people living with HIV. Method: The present study is based on an Integrative Literature Review, using published articles in the virtual databases including Pubmed, and the Brazilian Ministry of Health, the choice of this database (PubMed) was of essential importance to the study of micronutrient supplementation and biotechnological advances, because it seeks to identify current scientific evidence that would allow a critical analysis of strategies in health promotion and treatment of people living with HIV. Results: After using inclusion and exclusion criteria, 5 relevant articles were selected that discuss the use of bioinformatics, nanotechnology and controlled-release systems to improve the delivery and efficacy of nutraceuticals, the clinical effects of this supplementation and reinforcing the importance of the nutritional approach as therapeutic support. Conclusion: This study highlighted the potential of biotechnological advances in the delivery of nutraceuticals and how they become fundamental for therapeutic efficacy in the care of people living with HIV, it was also evidenced that the adoption of technologies enhances clinical results, and it is of main importance that public policies incorporate advanced nutritional supplements as part of integrated care.
Kellen Cristina Dantas Cavalcante Borges
CELL MODELS AS AN ETHICAL ALTERNATIVE TO ANIMAL TESTING ANIMALS
Animal experimentation is a practice potentially used in science and in the development of medicines and cosmetics. However, the decision to use animals is usually driven by the lack of viable alternatives to achieve the objectives of the research, which raises complex ethical issues and demands other accessible methods . Advances such as cell cultures, co-cultures, and three-dimensional (3D) cultures, known as organoids, allow the reproduction of human tissue functions and structures, reducing the use of animal testing and promoting more ethical practices in science. The present study aimed to analyze new technologies that replace or decline the use of animals in scientific research, highlighting the importance of cell models and their ethical and technological impact. This is a descriptive literature review, conducted based on the Pubmed and ScienceDirect databases, prioritizing recent publications (2021–2024). After analyzing the articles, it was possible to identify the evolution of in vitro methods, starting with the biocompatibility test, in which a mammalian cell monolayer was covered with agar to evaluate plastics used in medical and hospital articles and identify toxic effects on cells. From this, cell cultures emerged, such as monocultures (a single cell type) and co-cultures (interaction between different cell types). More recently, 3D cultures or organoids have been developed, structures derived from stem cells that reproduce morphological, functional, and molecular aspects of real organs. With these advances, more accurate approaches have emerged, such as organ-on-a-chip, microfluidic devices that simulate the biochemical and mechanical environment of human tissues. These models are encouraged by Law 15.183/25, which prohibits cosmetic testing on animals in Brazil, promoting an important advance for predictive science, enabling safety and efficacy at lower cost, with greater agility and, above all, without the use of animals, contributing significantly to the consolidation of more ethical practices in scientific research. Cell models offer effective and ethical solutions to replace animal experimentation, meeting the concept of the 3 Rs, characterized as reduction, refinement, and replacement, which in summary means reducing the number of animals used in research, improving the conduct of studies in order to reduce suffering to a minimum, and seeking methods to replace in vivo testing. It is concluded that well-designed cellular models can offer essential knowledge for areas of study that promote the health and well-being of society, completely replacing animal experimentation without compromising scientific quality, contributing to the consolidation of the 3Rs culture in practice.
THE IMPACT OF TUTORING EXPERIENCE ON THE TEACHING CAREER IN MEDICAL EDUCATION
Academic peer tutoring (monitoria acadêmica) has been described as a bridge between students’ learning experience and their initiation into teaching in undergraduate medical education, fostering pedagogical competencies and collaborative learning environments. This study conducted a systematic literature review (PRISMA) to determine the extent to which peer tutoring influences the decision to pursue an academic career in medicine and to understand associated factors and perceived benefits among students interested in teaching. The Web of Science search (2020–2025) followed predefined inclusion/exclusion criteria and a two-stage screening (title/abstract and full text). Standardized data extraction covered authors, year, objective, method, main results, contributions, and limitations, with a predominantly qualitative synthesis. Thirty-six studies were identified; after PRISMA screening, 6 articles comprised the sample. Collectively, the literature indicates that peer tutoring strengthens didactic planning, communication, leadership, and the use of active learning methods, broadening understanding of the university teacher’s role and responsibilities and reinforcing interest in teaching. Peer-to-peer experiences report benefits not only for tutors but also for non-tutor students involved in activities, yielding collaborative learning gains and greater curricular engagement. International evidence shows a high intention to teach after residency (62% wish to teach students and 60% residents), while self-confidence remains moderate for didactic/procedural tasks such as clinical interview/physical examination (49%), lectures/didactics (42%), and procedural techniques (28%). Structured student-as-teacher programs are associated with curricular contributions and consolidation of interest in an academic career. Implications include institutionalizing structured tutoring pathways with faculty mentoring, formative feedback, and graduated teaching opportunities, alongside integrating active methodologies and assessments of pedagogical performance. Main limitations in the literature include methodological heterogeneity and a paucity of longitudinal evaluations measuring medium- and long-term teaching outcomes. In conclusion, academic peer tutoring is a relevant formative mechanism in medical education, with potential to guide institutional policies for student teacher-development and to encourage the choice of an academic career.
DIABETIC WOUND MANAGEMENT: FROM PATHOPHYSIOLOGY TO CLINICAL PRACTICE
Introduction Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic disease with a high global prevalence that poses a significant challenge to public health, especially concerning its complications. In this context, compromised wound healing is one of the most serious complications, directly linked to persistent hyperglycemia and metabolic dysfunctions that affect hemostasis, inflammation, angiogenesis, and tissue regeneration. In diabetic foot, lesions are a recurrent problem, often evolving into chronic ulcers primarily due to diabetic neuropathy and the resulting loss of sensation. Given this scenario, it's crucial to understand the complex process of tissue repair in diabetic patients to guide clinical management and treatment strategies effectively. Objective To highlight the importance of knowledge about the process of diabetic wound healing and, consequently, the type of clinical management to be used in a diabetic patient. Methods This is an integrative literature review conducted through searches in the PubMed, SciELO, and Google Scholar databases. Only full-text articles that were freely available, in Portuguese or English, were included. The descriptors used were "Wound Healing," "Diabetes Mellitus," and "Diabetic Foot." Publications that did not meet these criteria or did not correspond to the central objective were excluded. Results Wound management in diabetic patients requires a more complex approach than simple local treatment. This is because compromised wound healing in DM is not an isolated phenomenon; it's exacerbated by the presence of infections, which can range from superficial (caused by Staphylococcus aureus) to deep polymicrobial infections involving enterobacteria, Pseudomonas, and anaerobes. This microbiological complexity demands a detailed clinical evaluation, including laboratory tests and cultures, to guide appropriate antibiotic therapy. Furthermore, treatment must be multidisciplinary, incorporating specialized dressings, skin hydration, debridement of necrotic tissue, and, in severe cases, surgical intervention. The presence of comorbidities like peripheral arterial occlusive disease and acute kidney failure further worsens the prognosis, making healing a slow and challenging process. Prevention, therefore, emerges as a fundamental pillar, encompassing strict glycemic control, regular physical activity, a balanced diet, and specific foot care, such as the selection of appropriate footwear and baropodometry. Conclusion The process of wound healing in patients with Diabetes Mellitus is intrinsically complex and requires a deep understanding of the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. The complications, especially in the diabetic foot, demonstrate the need for comprehensive and multidisciplinary management. By integrating metabolic control, targeted treatment of infections, and preventive care, it's possible to reduce the risk of serious complications like amputations. Thus, by aligning healthcare professionals' knowledge of diabetic wound healing, one can optimize healing, minimize complications, and improve patients' quality of life.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS AND THE PREVALENCE OF PULMONARY THROMBOEMBOLISM: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Cardiac arrhythmias, such as atrial fibrillation, are conditions characterized by abnormal heart rhythms that can lead to serious complications, including thromboembolism. Pulmonary embolism, an acute obstruction of the pulmonary arteries typically caused by thrombi, is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Recent studies suggest a significant relationship between cardiac arrhythmias and the prevalence of pulmonary embolism, with implications for diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. Understanding this interaction is crucial for developing prevention and clinical management strategies. This summary aims to analyze the relationship between cardiac arrhythmias and the prevalence of pulmonary embolism, evaluating their frequency, risk factors, and clinical implications based on recent evidence. Studies were collected from databases such as Scielo and PubMed, including multicenter analyses, systematic reviews, and guidelines, covering the period up to August 2025. The analysis included associations between atrial fibrillation and pulmonary embolism, clinical outcomes, and anticoagulation strategies. Studies with irrelevant populations, inadequate methodology, insufficient data, or paid access were excluded. Eight studies from 2015 to 2024 were selected. Atrial fibrillation, whether pre-existing or newly diagnosed, is significantly associated with worse outcomes in patients with pulmonary embolism, including higher mortality and thromboembolic complications. A multicenter study involving over 45,000 arrhythmia ablation procedures identified an increased risk of post-procedure pulmonary arterial embolism, with incidence rates ranging from 0.1% to 0.5%. Newly identified atrial fibrillation in patients with pulmonary embolism was associated with greater disease severity and the need for intensive interventions. Additionally, anticoagulation for the prevention of venous thromboembolism and stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation and comorbidities, such as cirrhosis, is recommended but requires individualized management due to bleeding risks. The relationship between cardiac arrhythmias, particularly atrial fibrillation, and pulmonary embolism is clinically significant, with atrial fibrillation increasing the severity and risk of complications in patients with pulmonary embolism. Procedures such as catheter ablation elevate the risk of pulmonary embolism, underscoring the need for rigorous monitoring and antithrombotic prophylaxis. Anticoagulation is essential but must be tailored, especially in high-risk populations. Future studies should focus on strategies to reduce the incidence of pulmonary embolism in patients with arrhythmias and optimize clinical management to improve outcomes.
EVALUATION OF THE IMPACT OF TELEMEDICINE ON PRENATAL CARE
INTRODUCTION: Prenatal care consists of the assistance of the health team during a woman's pregnancy to promote maternal and fetal health, in order to prevent, identify and treat possible complications during the gestational period. In order to assist in prenatal care, devices such as blood pressure monitors, temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate and electrodes to monitor uterine contractions, present themselves as allies of obstetric medicine, assisting in the early detection of complications and prevention of complications. In this sense, the use of telemedicine and its technologies in the field of obstetrics represents an instrument of fundamental importance in prenatal monitoring when providing remote medical care through digital means. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the impact of telemedicine during the prenatal period. METHODOLOGY: This is an integrative review of the literature of studies collected in the databases: "PubMed" "LILACS" and "Scielo", using the Descriptors in Health Sciences (DeCS): "Pregnancy" "Prenatal" and "Telemonitoring". 5 studies were included, in English and Portuguese, carried out between 2016 and 2022. Articles that did not address the topic and that did not respond to the proposed objective were excluded. RESULTS: It was evidenced that obstetric telemonitoring can be applied as a way to contribute to medical care in various contexts during pregnancy. From this, it was observed that the prevalence of premature births was 8.34% in monitored pregnant women and 10.18% in those not monitored during the gestational period. In addition, in relation to the number of monitorings, women who did not receive any monitoring during pregnancy had a proportion of premature births of 20.56%, women who had between 1-3 monitorings had a rate of 9.81%, while in the category of 4-6 monitorings there was a percentage of 5.9% and only 3.23% In women who performed 7 or more monitorings during pregnancy. CONCLUSION: It can be said that telemedicine, together with the support of advanced technologies and the care strategies adopted, contributes to favorable results in the development of pregnancy, thus promoting a healthy pregnancy.
DIGITAL DOPAMINE: IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA USE ON THE REWARD SYSTEM AND VULNERABILITY TO ADHD AND ANXIETY IN YOUNG PEOPLE
INTRODUCTION: With the new digital age, social media access has become an addiction and a routine part of today's young people's lives. However, this intense use of technology has been associated with behavioral changes. Therefore, this technological hyperstimulation constitutes a possible link between "digital dopamine" and vulnerability to ADHD and anxiety disorders. OBJECTIVE: To highlight the impact of excessive social media use on the dopaminergic reward system and its relationship with ADHD and anxiety symptoms in young people. METHODOLOGY: The systematic review was conducted taking into account the PICo strategy. PubMed, BVS, and Scielo databases were used, using the Health Science Descriptors "dopamine," "reward system," "social media," "ADHD," and "anxiety," using the Borlean operator AND. Five articles published in the last five years were selected and available in full online. RESULTS: After analyzing the studies, it was possible to conclude, based on functional neurological imaging, that intense digital stimulation has the direct ability to modulate the dopaminergic reward system, as it increases activation of the nucleus accumbens and the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, similar to patterns observed in addictive behaviors. Furthermore, research has shown that those who use social media for more than four hours per day show an average increase of 30% in symptoms of inattention and 25% in impulsivity, in addition to high GAD-7 and ASRS-18 scores. Thus, it is possible to observe the direct impact of social media on the lives of young people. CONCLUSION: Therefore, the concept of "digital dopamine" allows us to understand how social media modulate the reward system and impact mental health, increasing symptoms of ADHD and anxiety in this group. Understanding this phenomenon is essential for guiding prevention and mental health interventions for young people in the digital age.
DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS IN PREGNANCY – RISK FACTORS, DIAGNOSIS, AND MANAGEMENT
INTRODUCTION: Pregnancy is a physiological state of hypercoagulability resulting from hormonal, hemodynamic, and hematological changes that increase the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE), especially deep vein thrombosis (DVT). This condition represents one of the main causes of maternal morbidity and mortality, requiring early diagnosis and individualized management. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the primary risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment for this condition. METHODOLOGY: A literature review was conducted based on the analysis of five relevant articles published in the last five years and indexed in the PubMed database using the descriptors "Deep Vein Thrombosis", "Pregnancy", "Thrombophilia", and "Hypercoagulability”. RESULTS: The findings from these studies show that the incidence of DVT increases significantly during pregnancy, reaching its peak in the postpartum period. The literature highlights the main risk factors as hereditary thrombophilias, antiphospholipid syndrome, a previous history of VTE, advanced maternal age, obesity, immobilization, cesarean section, and assisted fertilization. Gestational DVT predominantly occurs in the left lower limb with greater iliofemoral involvement due to mechanical venous compression. The diagnosis combines clinical and imaging assessment, with Doppler ultrasound being the method of choice, and low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) is indicated as the safe and effective therapy for both treatment and prophylaxis. CONCLUSION: DVT in pregnancy is a high-risk condition that requires specialized attention. The early identification of risk factors, accurate diagnosis, and the timely introduction of anticoagulation are, therefore, fundamental measures to reduce maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality.
COMPLICATIONS IN THE IRREGULAR USE OF POLYMETHYLMETHACRYLATE (PMMA) IN BODY HARMONIZATION
Introduction: Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) is used as a filler in aesthetic procedures, but its use is related to severe complications and has become questionable due to its non-biodegradable properties. Objective: To conduct a bibliographic study on the role of biomedical esthetes in PMMA applications, highlighting their responsibilities and importance during body aesthetic procedures. Methodology: A narrative literature search was carried out between January and March 2025, using the following keywords: PMMA. Biomedical. Aesthetic procedures. The searches were carried out in the Google Scholar database and the Regional Council of Biomedicine (CRBM 1 and 3) including scientific articles published in Portuguese and English, which addressed the professional performance in the aesthetic procedure. Results: The research showed total repudiation by the competent authorities of the CRBM/CFBM regarding the application of polymethylmethacrylate. Such a procedure is closely linked to cases of necrosis, chronic inflammation, and infections. Its non-biodegradable composition corroborates these conditions, so there is no enzyme that can degrade this substance, perpetuating it in the body. Conclusion: It is noted, therefore, that it is not a recognized, recommended or authorized practice for biomedical professionals, since they are dedicated to reaffirming their commitment to the safety, health and integrity of people. In short, the use of PMMA contradicts the CRBM guidelines, due to its side effects that bring greater harm to patients.
VITAL SIGNS MEASUREMENT IN ESTHETIC PRACTICE: AN ESSENTIAL SAFETY STANDARD
The evaluation of vital signs, traditionally associated with the clinical environment, is equally crucial in aesthetic practice. The objective of this study was to reinforce the importance of measuring vital signs as a pillar of biosecurity and professional ethics, considering the growing use of technologies that can induce physiological responses in patients. To this end, a narrative review of the scientific literature was conducted on the PubMed, SciELO, and LILACS databases, focusing on the basic parameters of blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, body temperature, and oxygen saturation. The research, conducted between 2023 and 2025, analyzed articles that address the importance of these indicators for decision-making in health and aesthetic contexts. The results obtained indicate that the correct and systematic measurement of vital signs allows for the identification of contraindications and reduces the risk of complications. For example, the detection of uncontrolled hypertension can lead a professional to postpone or modify a procedure. This practice also strengthens patient trust and elevates the standard of care. The monitoring of vital signs, which can be done with the help of technology, is a valuable screening tool that supports safe therapeutic decision-making. In conclusion, the inclusion of vital sign monitoring in the pre-procedure physical examination is indispensable to ensure safety and individualized care, supporting evidence-based interventions. This practice should not be optional but a standard of conduct for all professionals in the aesthetic field.
Biotechnological Application in the Development of a Standardized Phytotherapeutic Product of Barbatimão for the Treatment of Acne
INTRODUCTION: Barbatimão (Stryphnodendron adstringens), a native species of the Brazilian Cerrado, is widely recognized in traditional medicine for its wound-healing, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties, primarily attributed to condensed tannins, flavonoids, and phenolic acids. Recent studies validate its application in skin disorders, reinforcing its potential in the development of dermatological phytomedicines. Acne stands out as one of the most prevalent dermatological conditions with significant psychosocial impact, whose current treatments are often limited by adverse effects and microbial resistance. In this context, combining the traditional use of barbatimão with advanced pharmaceutical technologies, such as nanoencapsulation, emerges as a promising strategy to enhance its efficacy by ensuring greater stability, improved skin permeability, and controlled release of active compounds. OBJECTIVE: To propose the theoretical development of a nanoencapsulated phytotherapeutic gel based on standardized S. adstringens extract for acne treatment, integrating scientific evidence and pharmaceutical innovation. METHODS: The protocol includes: (i) a scientific review of the pharmacology and safety of barbatimão; (ii) extraction of active metabolites using cost-effective solvents to maximize yield and purity; (iii) nanoencapsulation of barbatimão extract in an aqueous gel to optimize stability and bioavailability; (iv) chemical and physicochemical standardization, including tannin quantification, chromatographic profiling by HPLC, and microbiological and stability testing; and (v) regulatory analysis in line with national phytotherapeutic requirements, while also considering sustainability and Cerrado biodiversity conservation. EXPECTED RESULTS: The nanoencapsulated barbatimão gel is expected to demonstrate significant pharmaceutical and clinical benefits, including enhanced skin permeability and controlled release of tannins; improved chemical and physical stability of the extract; antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, a pathogen associated with acne; anti-inflammatory effects through cytokine modulation and edema reduction; and wound-healing properties with accelerated tissue contraction and reorganization. Additionally, the proposed formulation is expected to be commercially viable by combining efficacy, technological innovation, and sustainability, thereby supporting its integration into both public and private healthcare systems. CONCLUSIONS: The development of a nanoencapsulated barbatimão phytotherapeutic gel represents a strategic opportunity in the pharmaceutical field. The proposal bridges traditional knowledge, scientific evidence, and biotechnology, resulting in a product with superior efficacy potential, enhanced safety, and sustainable production. At the same time, it promotes the valorization of Cerrado biodiversity and associated traditional knowledge, reinforcing Brazil’s leadership in research and innovation in phytotherapeutic medicines.
THE ROLE OF NURSING IN THE MANAGEMENT OF CHILDHOOD OBESITY IN PRIMARY HEALTH CARE: INTEGRATIVE REVIEW
Introduction: Childhood obesity is considered a global epidemic by the WHO and represents a major risk factor for several chronic diseases. In this context, Primary Health Care plays a central role in developing preventive and health promotion actions, specifically nursing professionals. Objective: To review the literature on nursing roles in Primary Health Care focused on the prevention and management of childhood obesity. Methods: This is an integrative review conducted using the PICO strategy. Studies published in the last five years, with a cross-sectional design, and available in English were included. Searches were conducted in August 2025 in the PubMed, BVS, and SciELO databases. Descriptors combined with Boolean operators were used as follows: child AND obesity AND primary care AND nursing performance. Initially, 87 studies were identified, of which only 6 met the eligibility criteria and were included in the review. Results: The selected studies highlighted the nursing consultation as a strategic moment for establishing bonds between professionals, children, and families. This space proved crucial for defining comprehensive care strategies, enabling shared care focused on modifying the multifactorial factors that influence childhood obesity. Conclusion: Health education provided by nurses, with active family participation, has proven effective in combating childhood obesity and improving quality of life. However, its relevance remains underappreciated, highlighting the need for public policies to raise awareness and professional training.
TOXICITY OF NANOTECHNOLOGY-BASED MEDICINES COMPARISON BETWEEN LIPID AND POLYMERIC DELIVERY SYSTEMS IN CANCER THERAPIES: LITERATURE REVIEW
Cancer is a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled growth and proliferation of abnormal cells resulting from genetic and epigenetic changes. Nanotechnology has been increasingly explored in the field of cancer therapies due to its ability to improve the efficacy and reduce the side effects of drugs. The objective of this study is to compare the toxicity of lipid and polymeric delivery systems in cancer therapies that use nanotechnology. This is a literature review, and the BVS, PubMed, and Lilicas databases were used as the basis for the study. To perform the review, the following descriptors recognized by DeCS (Health Sciences Descriptors) were used, combined with the Boolean operators in the following sequence: “nanotechnology” and “cancer” and ‘treatment’ and “toxicity.” Articles published in the last five years in Portuguese and English were used as search filters. Fifty-five articles were found, of which 12 were excluded due to duplication. After screening titles and abstracts, 37 articles were excluded because, although they included the descriptors, they did not directly address the objective. Six articles that were compatible with the theme were selected. Based on the study of selected articles, lipid delivery systems (liposomes, micelles) favor the delivery of antitumor drugs by mimicking the cell membrane and controlled release, but their toxicity depends on the lipid composition and production method, and they can induce immune responses (inflammation, anaphylaxis) and accumulate in the liver and spleen, limiting the safety of this method. Polymeric nanoparticles, on the other hand, have greater biological stability and allow for controlled release (including by stimuli), with lower relative immunogenicity; however, the biodegradability of the polymer and its degradation products can be cytotoxic, associated with hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and neuropathy depending on the formulation, size, and biodistribution. Therefore, standardized toxicological evaluations (in vitro/in vivo), detailed characterization (size, surface area, biodegradability), pharmacokinetic studies, and preclinical and clinically relevant models are essential to mitigate risks and guide platform selection according to the profile of the drug, tumor, and patient.
THE IMPACT OF PANCS ON INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA AND ITS RELANTIONSHIP WITH IMMUNE HEALTH
THE REGULATORY ROLE OF MITOCHONDRIA IN METABOLISM AND THEIR INVOLVEMENT IN METABOLIC DISORDERS
Mitochondria are essential organelles for cellular metabolism, playing a key role in ATP production through oxidative phosphorylation. This study aims to analyze the role of mitochondria in metabolic regulation and their association with metabolic diseases. The methodology involved a literature review of scientific articles published between 2022 and 2025, focusing on mitochondrial bioenergetics, oxidative stress, and cellular signaling. The results indicate that mitochondrial dysfunction leads to excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), compromising energy homeostasis and contributing to the development of diseases such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, and neurodegenerative disorders. It is concluded that preserving mitochondrial integrity is crucial for metabolic balance, and that therapeutic strategies aimed at improving mitochondrial function represent a promising approach for the treatment of chronic diseases.
KANGAROO MOTHER CARE: A HUMANIZED APPROACH TO NEWBORN CARE
Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) is a simple and low-cost intervention that involves skin-to-skin contact between the newborn and the caregiver, and it has shown important benefits for premature and low-birth-weight infants. The purpose of this work was to explore the effects of KMC on stability, feeding tolerance, and survival in the neonatal intensive care setting. Evidence from randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses shows that KMC helps regulate physiological parameters such as respiratory and heart rate, oxygen saturation and temperature. Particularly, a trial with 168 preterm infants reported that babies receiving KMC had better oxygen levels, more stable vital signs, reached full enteral feeding sooner, and experienced fewer cases of feeding intolerance compared to those under standard care, although no clear differences were found in weight gain or length of stay. Furthermore, a large multicenter study also demonstrated that immediate KMC in infants weighing 1.0–1.799 kg reduced mortality within 28 days compared to conventional care where KMC was delayed until stabilization. Altogether, current evidence supports KMC as a safe and effective practice that improves clinical outcomes and infant survival, reinforcing its early use in neonatal intensive care, especially in hospitals with limited resources
Social Media Use and Its Effects on Adolescent Mental Health: A Review of Anxiety and Depression
Introduction: Since the internet became an integral part of daily human life in the early 2000s, the use of social networks has grown continuously, to the point of becoming addictive, mainly among adolescents. Objective: Therefore, the present study seeks to examine how excessive engagement with the internet may influence anxiety and depression symptoms within this age group. Methodology: This study constitutes an integrative literature review. After conducting searches in the National Library of Medicine (PubMed) and Google Scholar databases and subsequently applying the established eligibility and exclusion criteria, six articles were included in the present review. Results: Findings suggest that internet addiction (IA) in adolescents has been associated with structural and functional brain modifications and, consequently, with a higher prevalence and greater severity of depressive and anxiety symptoms. Conclusion: Thus, social media dependence is strongly associated with the worsening of depression and anxiety, becoming an integral component of a vicious cycle that undermines psychosocial well-being and neurological development in this age group, who are particularly vulnerable due to heightened brain plasticity.
VITAL SIGNS MEASUREMENT IN AESTHETIC PRACTICE: AN ESSENTIAL SAFETY STANDARD
The assessment of vital signs, traditionally associated with clinical settings, is equally crucial in aesthetic practice. The objective of this study was to reinforce the importance of vital signs measurement as a pillar of biosafety and professional ethics, considering the increasing use of technologies that can induce physiological responses in patients. To achieve this, a narrative review of the scientific literature was conducted using the PubMed, SciELO, and LILACS databases, focusing on the basic parameters of blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, body temperature, and oxygen saturation. The research, carried out between 2023 and 2025, analyzed articles that address the importance of these indicators for decision-making in health and aesthetic contexts. The results indicate that the correct and systematic measurement of vital signs allows for the identification of contraindications and reduces the risk of complications. For example, detecting uncontrolled hypertension may lead the professional to postpone or modify a procedure. This practice also strengthens patient trust and elevates the standard of care. The monitoring of vital signs, which can be done with the help of technology, is a valuable screening tool that supports safe therapeutic decision-making. In conclusion, the inclusion of vital signs monitoring in the pre-procedure physical examination is indispensable to ensure safety and individualized care, supporting evidence-based interventions. This practice should not be optional, but a standard of conduct for all professionals in the aesthetic field.
RADIOLOGICAL IDENTIFICATION AND SEGMENTATION OF INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES IN COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY
Introduction: Intracranial hemorrhage is one of the most critical neurological conditions in radiology, being responsible for high morbidity and mortality. Computed tomography (CT) is the preferred initial method for its evaluation; however, manual interpretation of images is a complex, time-consuming process that is prone to errors, especially in subtle cases. In this context, artificial intelligence (AI) techniques, such as deep learning, emerge as promising tools to support diagnosis. Objective: This subproject focuses on the stage of radiological image segmentation, which is essential for training convolutional neural network (CNN) models. Specifically, the goal is the identification and delineation of intracranial hemorrhage areas in CT scans, generating binary reference masks. These masks act as a gold standard for AI algorithms to learn how to differentiate normal regions from hemorrhagic areas, thereby improving automated diagnostic accuracy. Method: The work will be conducted in stages: (i) collection of images from public radiological datasets; (ii) preprocessing with size normalization, artifact removal, and slice standardization, followed by data conversion into three-dimensional format, mask binarization, and the establishment of logical structures to ensure traceability between each image and its corresponding mask; (iii) manual segmentation of intracranial hemorrhage regions using medical image editing software, resulting in the creation of digital masks; (iv) organization of masks and corresponding images into training, validation, and testing sets, intended for use in deep learning algorithms. Results: The results are still preliminary, based on the initial analysis of approximately 800 CT images. So far, the preprocessing stage has been completed, and the creation of binary masks corresponding to intracranial hemorrhage areas has begun. These advances provide the foundation for future neural network training, ensuring traceability and quality in the prepared dataset. Conclusion: The clinical relevance of this project lies in its direct contribution to the development of decision-support systems, reducing radiologists’ analysis time and increasing diagnostic safety. From an academic perspective, the creation of masks represents an essential link between medical expertise and programming techniques, strengthening interdisciplinarity between health and software engineering. Thus, this project is expected to provide a solid foundation for building robust AI models capable of assisting in the rapid and accurate diagnosis of intracranial hemorrhages.
THE IMPACT OF LIFESTYLE ON PATIENTS DIAGNOSED WITH ULCERATIVE COLITIS: AN INTEGRATIVE REVIEW
Introduction: Ulcerative Colitis (UC), highly prevalent in Europe and North America, is a chronic intestinal disease characterized by persistent inflammation. However, its effects are not limited to the gastrointestinal tract; it also impacts biopsychosocial aspects, thereby compromising the quality of life of affected individuals¹. Maintaining a balanced and healthy lifestyle has been shown to alleviate the burden of the disease². Objective: To highlight the importance of lifestyle in patients diagnosed with Ulcerative Colitis. Methodology: This is an integrative review based on four scientific articles. The database used was PubMed. Inclusion criteria comprised publications from the last five years, freely accessible, and available in Portuguese and English. Articles that did not address the central research question — “How does lifestyle impact individuals diagnosed with ulcerative colitis?” — were excluded. Results: Studies demonstrate that a diet high in fat, animal protein, and certain types of fatty acids³, combined with stress, may exacerbate the progression of UC⁴, leading to symptoms such as depression and social withdrawal¹. Furthermore, one study indicated that 70% of participants believed psychosocial stress may have caused or contributed to the worsening of the disease². Thus, lifestyle interventions involving yoga and physical exercise, breath control, proper nutrition, and phytotherapy serve as complementary approaches to pharmacotherapy and have proven effective in improving the patient–disease relationship and managing emotional symptoms. Mind–body integration strategies appear promising in alleviating the distressing conditions associated with UC². Conclusion: Patients diagnosed with UC showed improved prognosis when subjected to multifaceted and individualized interventions focused on lifestyle modification, beyond pharmacological treatment. Nonetheless, further research in this area remains necessary.
MAIN MECHANISMS ASSOCIATED WITH THE PERSISTENCE OF OLFACTORY DYSFUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH LONG COVID
Introduction: Olfactory dysfunction (OD) is a frequent manifestation of COVID-19, characterized mainly by anosmia and hyposmia, symptoms that can persist for months after the acute phase of the infection, configuring long COVID. Several studies have investigated clinical, genetic and immunological factors that contribute to the maintenance of this condition, including genetic polymorphisms such as apolipoprotein E (APOE), epigenetic changes, local inflammation and history of substance use. Understanding these mechanisms is essential for clinical management and for identifying patients at increased risk of prolonged sensory and cognitive sequelae. Objective: To evaluate the main mechanisms associated with the persistence of olfactory dysfunction in adult patients with long COVID, considering clinical, genetic, immunological and environmental factors. Methodology: This is an integrative review based on articles published in the last five years, consulting the PubMed, LILACS and BVS databases. The descriptors COVID-19, Smell Disorders and Coronavirus Infections were used. Studies that analyzed olfactory dysfunction in adult patients with long COVID were included, covering clinical, genetic and immunological aspects associated with the persistence of symptoms. Studies that did not address the prolonged phase of the disease or that exclusively analyzed the pediatric population were excluded. Results: Literature analysis demonstrated that persistent OD has a specific epidemiological profile, with younger patients and lower hospitalization rates in the acute phase. The E4 allele of the APOE gene appears to act as a protective factor against prolonged OD. Furthermore, objective assessment of olfactory function through standardized tests was shown to be a predictor of post-COVID conditions associated with cognitive deficits and fatigue, reinforcing the importance of early screening. Local immunological evidence indicates that although classical autoantibodies were not detected, the presence of antibodies against endothelial cells (AECA) suggests cytopathic damage and persistent inflammation in olfactory tissues. Epigenetic and environmental factors also modulate olfactory function, including odor receptor methylation patterns and history of smoking or substance use, increasing susceptibility to prolonged anosmia and hypogeusia, especially in women and older adults. Despite the high prevalence of subjective symptoms, the demand for specialized care is low, highlighting a gap between symptom perception and clinical objectification. Conclusion: The persistence of olfactory dysfunction in long COVID results from a complex interaction between genetic, immunological, epigenetic and environmental factors. Objective assessment of olfactory function and early clinical follow-up are essential to identify patients at greater risk of sensory and cognitive sequelae. Genetic polymorphisms such as APOE E4, local inflammatory factors and history of smoking or substance use constitute central elements in the maintenance of prolonged OD, offering support for therapeutic strategies and prevention of complications in long COVID.
CLINICAL MIMICRY OF LEPROSY WITH VASCULAR DISEASES AS A RISK FACTOR IN THE DIAGNOSTIC INACCURACY OF THESE PATHOLOGIES
Introduction: Leprosy, caused by Mycobacterium leprae, is an infectious and granulomatous disease that predominantly affects peripheral nerves, mucous membranes, and skin. However, it can affect and trigger vascular manifestations that, in this sense, can coexist with or even simulate primary vasculitis. The histopathology of leprosy can mimic that of other infectious entities when the clinical information provided is vague, since several inflammatory cells coexist in the infectious process, and the interface between leprosy and vasculitis represents a challenge of great clinical relevance due to diagnostic overlap. Objective: The objective of this study is to analyze the implications of diagnostic similarity between these vascular and infectious pathologies. Method: This is a literature review in a simple summary format, using the National Library of Medicine (PubMed) and Virtual Health Library (VHL) as the database, using the following Science and Health Descriptors (DeCS): "Leprosy," "Vasculitis," and "Infection." Five articles published in English between 2021 and 2024 were selected. Results: It was found that leprosy can mimic vasculitis or induce vasculitic phenomena, making diagnostic differentiation essential, since substantially different therapeutic approaches, if applied incorrectly, can result in more serious clinical outcomes, such as exacerbation of the infection or irreversible damage to target organs. Furthermore, perivascular granulomatous inflammation can induce an intense vascular immune response and result in indirect damage, with signs of ischemia and tissue necrosis, manifestations also observed in primary vasculitis. In addition, a misdiagnosis when treating leprosy vasculitis as a primary autoimmune condition with isolated suppression can aggravate the infectious disease, increase the bacterial load, and accelerate the onset of permanent disabilities. Furthermore, confusing primary vasculitis with leprosy delays the institution of adequate immunosuppression, which favors the progression of lesions and permanent damage. Furthermore, confusing primary vasculitis with leprosy delays the institution of adequate immunosuppression, which favors the progression of lesions and permanent damage. This condition reinforces the importance of an accurate diagnosis that differentiates leprosy and vasculitis, in order to ensure the therapeutic efficacy of these pathologies. Conclusion: Given the above, it was evidenced that the relationship between the similarities in the clinical and histopathological manifestations of leprosy and vasculitic phenomena corroborates inaccurate or delayed diagnoses, especially in endemic regions. This reinforces the need for accurate differential diagnosis within clinical and laboratory evaluations, which includes clinical, epidemiological, laboratory, histopathological, and molecular data, aiming to reduce the risks of inappropriate pharmacological therapies, in addition to reducing morbidity and mortality and improving patients' quality of life.
VISUAL ACUITY TESTING AS AN EXTENSION PROJECT TO PROMOTE EYE HEALTH AND INTEGRATED CARE FOR THE ELDERLY
The university outreach project integrates teaching, health services, and the community, strengthening promotion, prevention, and ongoing care. Eye health, often neglected in aging, plays a central role in the quality of life and functional autonomy of older adults, with visual impairment being a risk factor for falls, social isolation, and cognitive decline. This paper reports on the experience of a university outreach project that conducts visual acuity tests on community-dwelling seniors, aiming to promote eye health and strengthen integrated care. The activity takes place weekly in senior living units, using the adapted Snellen chart. After administering the test, medical students provide educational guidance on eye hygiene, adequate lighting in the home, proper use of glasses, and prevention of eye diseases. When students identify visual changes, these seniors are advised to seek specialized ophthalmological evaluation so that appropriate health measures can be taken. The experience demonstrates broad receptiveness among the seniors, who demonstrate an interest in understanding the importance of vision for maintaining independence and well-being. The initiative also brings the university and the community closer together, encouraging humane and preventive practices among the students involved. The conclusion is that visual acuity testing, as an outreach activity, is an effective strategy for early detection of visual changes, promoting eye health, and strengthening comprehensive care for the elderly population.
Sarah Ingrid Verissimo da Silva Matos Dutra
USE OF INCRETIN DRUGS TO HELP RESTORE FERTILITY IN PATIENTS WITH PCOS
Introduction: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine-metabolic disorder with manifestations in reproductive age, caused by anovulation and ovarian morphological alterations. Among the factors that contribute to infertility in this condition are lack of ovulation, in addition to metabolic factors such as obesity and insulin resistance. Therefore, analyzing medications that have a direct relationship with metabolic improvement, with a focus on weight loss, aims to correlate glycemic and body weight control with the possibility of increased female fertility. Therefore, given the complex pathophysiology arising from the association between PCOS and obesity/hypersulinemia, greater understanding of these factors and symptoms is necessary. Objective: The objective of this study is to analyze and expand popular and scientific understanding of the important relationship between the mechanisms of incretin drugs and fertility in the diagnosis of PCOS. Method: This is a literature review using the National Library of Medicine (PubMed) and the Virtual Health Library (VHL) as databases, using the following Health and Science Descriptors (DeCS): "polycystic ovary syndrome," "fertility," and "obesity." Five articles published in English between 2020 and 2025 were selected. Results: Obesity is common in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). PCOS and obesity are associated with reduced fertility; obesity aggravates anovulation and insulin resistance, which reduces spontaneous pregnancy rates. Furthermore, to contribute to the treatment of PCOS and the restoration of fertility in women with this comorbidity, the use of incretin drugs, such as GLP1, is being studied. These drugs promote weight loss and reduce insulin resistance, which may contribute, albeit indirectly, to restoring ovulation and improving fertility. Furthermore, lifestyle changes, including improved diet and physical activity, should be combined to support medication adherence during treatment for patients with PCOS. This condition reinforces the importance of public awareness of the treatment, as it is a medication that cannot be used during pregnancy, as data on fetal safety have not yet been completed. Therefore, to maintain patient safety before and during pregnancy, guidance is needed regarding this preconception treatment. Conclusion: Given the above, a relationship between metabolic improvement and consequent weight loss with the use of incretin drugs was demonstrated to help improve fertility in women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN PREVENTING DRUG INTERACTIONS: TOOLS FOR CLINICAL DECISION SUPPORT
Introdução: A polifarmácia representa um desafio crescente na prática clínica, sobretudo entre idosos e pacientes com doenças crônicas. O uso simultâneo de múltiplos medicamentos eleva o risco de interações medicamentosas, comprometendo a segurança do paciente. Nesse contexto, tecnologias digitais e a inteligência artificial (IA) emergem como ferramentas promissoras para apoiar profissionais de saúde na prevenção dessas interações. Objetivo: Avaliar o papel da inteligência artificial como ferramenta de apoio à decisão clínica na prevenção de interações medicamentosas, identificando tecnologias emergentes, benefícios e desafios para sua implementação. Metodologia: Foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica entre agosto de 2024 e maio de 2025, utilizando as bases BVS, SciELO, LILACS e PubMed, com os descritores “interações medicamentosas”, “polifarmácia”, “inteligência artificial”, “segurança do paciente”, “sistemas de apoio à decisão clínica” e “tecnologia em saúde”, em português e inglês. Resultados e discussão: Os estudos revisados mostram que sistemas de apoio à decisão clínica baseados em IA apresentam alta capacidade para identificar interações medicamentosas de forma mais rápida e precisa. Algoritmos de aprendizado de máquina e sistemas periciais analisam dados clínicos e geram alertas personalizados em tempo real. Modelos híbridos, que combinam regras predefinidas com aprendizado contínuo, aumentam a eficácia na detecção de interações relevantes. Entre os benefícios estão a redução de erros de prescrição, a diminuição de eventos adversos, a otimização do tempo clínico e a personalização da terapia. Persistem, contudo, desafios relacionados à interpretabilidade dos algoritmos, à integração com sistemas já existentes e à validação clínica. Conclusão: A inteligência artificial apresenta grande potencial na prevenção de interações medicamentosas, contribuindo para maior segurança do paciente. O desenvolvimento de sistemas que conciliem precisão técnica e usabilidade clínica representa um avanço significativo na saúde digital. Sua implementação efetiva requer uma abordagem multidisciplinar, considerando aspectos técnicos, éticos e organizacionais.
DRUGS THAT AFFECT THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
The cardiovascular system is responsible for distributing blood, nutrients, and oxygen to the body, and its dysfunction is associated with highly prevalent diseases such as hypertension, heart failure, heart attack, and stroke. This study aims to review the main drugs used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and their clinical applications. A scientific literature analysis was performed using the PubMed, SciELO, and LILACS databases. The inclusion criteria involved articles published between 2015 and 2024, available in Portuguese, English, and Spanish, with access to the full text and specifically addressing the use of drugs in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Duplicate studies, studies with insufficient samples, non-systematic reviews, and articles that did not present relevant clinical information about the drugs were excluded. The review was descriptive and didactic in nature, involving drugs such as antihypertensive agents, statins, anticoagulants, and beta-blockers. Antihypertensive drugs are classified as: diuretics, adrenergic blockers, calcium channel blockers, direct vasodilators, and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, each with distinct mechanisms. Statins are effective in reducing LDL cholesterol and preventing atherosclerotic events. Anticoagulants are essential in the prophylaxis and treatment of thrombosis and embolism. Beta-blockers are widely used in hypertension, arrhythmias, heart failure, and anxiety control. Understanding the mechanisms of action and clinical indications of cardiovascular drugs is essential for the proper management of major cardiovascular diseases, contributing to the reduction of morbidity and mortality rates associated with these conditions.
METHODOLOGICAL ADVANCES IN CLINICAL ANALYSIS
Introduction: The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused an unprecedented global health crisis, requiring rapid and efficient responses from health systems. In this context, clinical analysis laboratories have become fundamental in both the etiological diagnosis and the monitoring and prognosis of the disease. Objective: To address the main advances in clinical analysis driven by the COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology: This was a narrative review based on scientific and institutional sources published between 2020 and 2025. The search was conducted in SciELO, PubMed, and Google Scholar, using the descriptors "COVID19," "analysis," "laboratory," and "clinical," combined by Boolean operators AND and OR. Articles published between 2020 and 2025, in Portuguese or English, with free access, were included. Duplicate works unrelated to the topic were excluded. Results: Among the most relevant methods, the Polymerase Chain Reaction with Reverse Transcriptase stood out, considered the gold standard due to its high sensitivity and specificity. The incorporation of point-of- care devices, automated platforms, artificial intelligence, and adaptive algorithms also optimized the collection, analysis, and interpretation of laboratory data. Laboratories also faced challenges in the pre- analytical phase, such as structural adaptation, biosafety control, and validation of new reagents. In addition, the growing use of technologies such as microfluidics and real-time analysis contributed to faster and more reliable responses. Conclusion: The methodological advances adopted during the pandemic not only expanded the diagnostic capacity of laboratories, but also established a solid foundation for addressing future public health emergencies, consolidating a new era for clinical analysis.
ASD AND ADHD: COMORBIDITIES AND DIFFERENTIATIONS IN SINGULAR PRESENTATIONS
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are two of the main neurodevelopmental disorders listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V) and are presented by the guideline as conditions that are often verified simultaneously in individuals. Therefore, this study aims to understand the characteristics shared by both disorders and their impact on individuals with such presentations based on a bibliographic review. The DSM establishes deficits in social communication and interaction and repetitive patterns of behavior as the main diagnoses criteria for ASD, whereas the lack of attention and hyperactivity that interferes with social functioning and development are predominant in ADHD (Associação Psiquiátrica Americana, 2022). However, the manual also highlights the possibility for both presentations to occur as comorbidities, which is supported by research that shows such possibility as varying from 17 to 95% (Antshel, Zhang-James, & Faraone, 2013 apud Chiodi, Fabre, Hashimoto, Lúcio, 2023). Those presentations are linked to neurobiological alterations that are presented in individuals diagnosed with ADHD, such as the insufficiency of pre-frontal cortex and amygdala systems (Couto, Melo-Junior, Gomes, 2010), and other characteristics that are shared by individuals with both conditions, exemplified by the reduction of the activation in frontotemporal regions (Baron-Cohen, 1999 apud Segenheich, Mattos, 2007). When it comes to the behavioral impact of those conditions, the presence of emotional symptoms, conduct problems, hyperactivity, relationship challenges and lack of pro-social tendencies are showed as recurrent both in ASD and ADHD (Chiodi, Fabre, Hashimoto, Lúcio, 2023), with bigger impairment in planning and cognitive flexibility (Geurts et, al, 2004 apud Segenheich, Mattos, 2007) and lack of pro-social behavior in ASD, while more hyperactivity and a reduce verbal intelligence were attributed to ADHD (Chiodi, Fabre, Hashimoto, Lúcio, 2023). Despite those differentiations, Segenheich and Mattos (2007) state the importance of both diagnoses being issued to individuals that meet the specified criteria for the two conditions, as a way of better directing therapeutical strategies to contemplate the wide range of needs they may have. Furthermore, Couto, Melo-Junior and Gomes (2010) reinforce the necessity of clinical observation to be combined with a multidisciplinary evaluation team in order to better understand each case as it is presented. In that way, an enhanced professional approach may contribute to a better view upon each individual specific demands and singularities.
IMPACT OF TOOTH LOSS ON MASTICATION, SPEECH, AND QUALITY OF LIFE
Tooth loss, defined as the partial or total absence of teeth, represents a condition that affects not only aesthetics and masticatory function but also the physical and psychological health of individuals. Its occurrence goes beyond biological causes, being strongly associated with factors such as inadequate oral hygiene, limited access to dental care, low educational level, and reduced household income. This study consists of a literature review. The bibliographic search was conducted between March and August 2025 in databases including PubMed, SciELO, LILACS, and Google Scholar. The descriptors “Tooth loss,” “Mastication,” “Speech,” and “Quality of life” were used in Portuguese, English, and Spanish. The reviewed literature shows that tooth loss compromises mastication, leading to overload of the remaining teeth and difficulties in food grinding, which may result in nutritional deficiencies. Speech is also impaired, particularly in the articulation of phonemes such as /f/, /s/, and /v/, which affects the clarity of communication. From a psychosocial perspective, tooth loss is associated with reduced self-esteem, embarrassment in social interactions, and a tendency toward isolation. Tooth loss transcends the aesthetic dimension, impairing essential functions such as mastication and speech, while negatively impacting emotional and social well-being. Early tooth replacement, combined with preventive strategies and oral health education, is indispensable for restoring oral function and improving quality of life. Therefore, the role of the dental surgeon should not be limited to rehabilitation but should also focus on the promotion and maintenance of oral health.
Larissa Brasiliense Ferreira Leão de Castro
CHILD GROWTH IN SCHOOL CONTEXTS: A COMPARISON BETWEEN PUBLIC AND PRIVATE NETWORKS
In Brazil, public and private schools present differences that extend beyond the pedagogical sphere, also reflecting on aspects such as health, nutrition, and quality of life. This study aimed to analyze scientific evidence on child growth in different school contexts, comparing public and private institutions. A qualitative literature review was conducted based on nine articles published in national and international journals, retrieved from databases such as BVS and Google Scholar. The review included studies addressing cognition, nutrition, quality of life, public policies, and educational programs. The search was limited to publications from the last ten years, selecting only those most closely related to the research theme. Inclusion criteria: articles in Portuguese, English, or Spanish, available in full text and pertinent to the study’s objective. Exclusion criteria: duplicate articles, abstracts without full access, and those not aligned with the proposed theme. The findings indicate that students from private schools generally show better cognitive and linguistic performance, higher quality of life, and greater adherence to health education programs. Nevertheless, issues related to school nutrition, such as unbalanced menus and childhood obesity, were present in both public and private systems. Structural and policy-related factors were also identified as determinants of the observed inequalities. Inequalities between public and private schools in Brazil go beyond infrastructure, directly impacting children’s learning, health, and overall well-being. It is necessary to invest in public policies that foster equity in both education and health.
IMPACTS OF NIGHT SHIFTS ON SYMPTOMS OF BURNOUT AND DEPRESSION IN GYNECOLOGY AND OBSTETRICS RESIDENTS
THE IMPACT OF DANCE ON THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF INDIVIDUALS WITH DEPRESSION: A CASE STUDY
This case study examines the role of dance as a complementary therapeutic practice in improving the quality of life of individuals diagnosed with depression. Depression is a highly prevalent mental disorder worldwide, associated with persistent sadness, loss of motivation, social withdrawal, and reduced engagement in daily activities. While conventional treatments such as psychotherapy and pharmacological interventions remain the primary approaches, growing evidence highlights the benefits of integrative practices like dance. In this study, data were collected from a 21-year-old participant diagnosed with depression, through a semi-structured questionnaire addressing emotional, social, and physical dimensions of her experience with dance. The results demonstrated significant improvements in self-esteem, emotional regulation, social interaction, sleep quality, and motivation, as well as physical benefits including enhanced motor coordination and body awareness. Moreover, dance fostered a sense of belonging, resilience, and support, mitigating the effects of social isolation often associated with depression. These findings suggest that dance should be recognized not only as a form of physical activity but also as a valuable integrative strategy capable of promoting mental health, well-being, and overall quality of life among individuals experiencing depression.
ENDOVASCULAR RESUSCITATION IN HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK: A REVIEW ON THE EVOLUTION AND PERSPECTIVES OF REBOA
Introduction: Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) emerged as an alternative to resuscitative thoracotomy in cases of non-compressible hemorrhage. According to the literature, hemorrhagic shock is one of the leading causes of preventable death in trauma victims and, in this context, REBOA allows temporary hemorrhage control and maintenance of central perfusion. In recent years, the technique has advanced with smaller-caliber catheters, the possibility of partial occlusion (p-REBOA) and selective application in different zones of the aorta, aiming to reduce ischemic complications. The study of this subject is relevant for structuring care protocols for severe hemorrhagic shock. Objective: To analyze the evolution of resuscitative balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) techniques in hemorrhagic shock. Methods: This is an integrative literature review based on 10 original articles selected from the Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) and PubMed databases. The descriptors “Hemorrhagic Shock,” “Trauma,” “Aorta,” and “Catheterization” were used, with the application of the boolean operator AND. Articles included were free-access, published between 2020 and 2025, in portuguese or english, classified as original and consistent with the topic. Editorials, letters to the editor, case reports, and texts unrelated to the theme were excluded. Results: The analyzed articles demonstrate advances and controversies regarding the use of REBOA. A randomized clinical trial did not show a reduction in mortality, highlighting the influence of time to deployment and trauma system organization. Another study, however, indicates that REBOA, especially in zone 1, may provide survival rates similar to or superior to resuscitative thoracotomy in scenarios of severe shock and traumatic arrest. In the context of pelvic injuries, research shows that the use in zone 3 may reduce distal ischemia. Furthermore, the development of 7F catheters and p-REBOA represents an important advancement to balance hemorrhage control and distal perfusion. Although national and international registries indicate the feasibility of this method, there is a need for better-structured protocols, team training, and logistics. Therefore, the effectiveness of the technique is associated with proper patient selection, rapid deployment, integration with definitive hemostatic methods, and professional preparedness. Conclusions: In summary, REBOA constitutes a promising tool for the management of non-compressible hemorrhagic shock, serving as a bridge to definitive surgical or endovascular control. Its technical evolution, with p-REBOA, 7F catheters, and selective application in different zones, aims to reduce complications and increase safety. However, current results show that its effectiveness is highly dependent on the trauma system and team experience. Thus, broader clinical studies are needed, especially in developing countries, to guide standardized protocols suited to local realities.
MULTIMORBIDITY AND COMPLEX MULTIMORBIDITY IN ADULTS WITH SEVERE OBESITY ELIGIBLE FOR BARIATRIC SURGERY
Multimorbidity, defined as the coexistence of two or more chronic conditions, and complex multimorbidity, characterized by three or more diseases affecting different body systems, are highly prevalent among individuals with severe obesity. These conditions represent significant challenges in the preoperative evaluation and clinical management of bariatric surgery candidates, yet they remain insufficiently described in this population. This ongoing observational study aims to examine the prevalence and patterns of multimorbidity and complex multimorbidity in adults with severe obesity who are eligible for bariatric surgery. A cross-sectional design will be conducted with patients enrolled in the public healthcare system’s bariatric surgery program. Data collection will include sociodemographic and clinical variables, comorbidities, anthropometric assessments, and biochemical parameters. Multimorbidity will be identified by the presence of two or more chronic conditions, while complex multimorbidity will be defined according to the involvement of three or more body systems. Descriptive and multivariate statistical analyses will be applied to identify frequent multimorbidity clusters and their associations with demographic and nutritional variables. Although data collection is ongoing, the study is expected to provide relevant evidence on the burden of multimorbidity in bariatric surgery candidates, supporting more comprehensive preoperative care and informing multidisciplinary interventions.
THE ROLE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN EARLY SEPSIS DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT
‌ Introduction: Sepsis is a clinical syndrome resulting from a dysregulated response to infections, carrying a high risk of organ failure and death if not treated promptly. The Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score is widely used to diagnose sepsis; however, it has limitations in both sensitivity and specificity. In this context, Machine Learning (ML), a branch of Artificial Intelligence (AI), stands out for its ability to learn from pre-existing data and generate useful predictions. In the case of sepsis, ML models show promise in predicting mortality, identifying high-risk patients, and guiding timely interventions. By analyzing large volumes of vital signs, laboratory tests, and medical histories, these models detect subtle patterns, enhancing the accuracy of predictions and supporting medical decision-making. Objective: Analyze the applications of AI in the early diagnosis and management of sepsis. Methodology: This is a simple narrative review based on data from PubMed (Public Medline) and the Virtual Health Library (BVS). The following Health Sciences Descriptors (DeCS) were used: “Machine Learning,” “Early Diagnosis,” “Artificial Intelligence,” “Sepsis,” and “Triage,” as well as their equivalents in Portuguese. Four original open-access articles, published in English and Portuguese between 2019 and 2024, and aligned with the study objective, were selected. Literature Review: Findings indicate that ML models can accelerate clinical decision-making and optimize resources in sepsis management¹. Their effectiveness depends on being developed by multidisciplinary teams and integrated into institutional sepsis protocols. Since no single biomarker identifies sepsis, combining multiple biomarkers within ML models improves early prediction². Training should include laboratory and clinical data — such as blood, inflammatory, coagulation, and organ function biomarkers — since they are linked to sepsis severity. The greater the diversity of variables, the higher the model’s accuracy². The use of multiple clinical variables in ML has proven more effective for early sepsis diagnosis than the SOFA score³ or conventional medical evaluation⁴, offering greater sensitivity and accuracy in predicting mortality, particularly in emergency settings³,⁴. Conclusion: In light of the evidence, studying AI applications in sepsis management is crucial to improving prognosis and increasing the likelihood of favorable outcomes. However, ML models do not replace the role of multidisciplinary teams. Instead, they should be employed as supportive tools that streamline clinical management and facilitate early treatment initiation, thereby contributing to reduced sepsis-related mortality.
Effects of Pulmonary Rehabilitation on Disease Control, Quality of Life, and Functional Capacity of Individuals with Severe Asthma
Severe asthma is a chronic airway inflammation characterized by remodeling, hyperresponsiveness, and persistent symptoms, resulting in high morbidity. Pulmonary rehabilitation has been shown to improve ventilatory capacity, reduce symptoms, and modulate inflammation, with physical exercise exerting important anti-inflammatory effects. Bradykinin and other kinins play a role in bronchoconstriction and airway inflammation, and understanding this relationship may broaden therapeutic strategies. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of pulmonary rehabilitation on disease control, quality of life, and functional capacity of individuals with severe asthma. Twenty-one patients diagnosed with severe asthma according to GINA criteria, aged between 20 and 60 years, without comorbidities and under continuous medication use for at least six months, were included. Asthma control was assessed using the Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ7), quality of life through the Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (AQLQ), and functional capacity with the six-minute walk test following American Thoracic Society (ATS) guidelines. Data normality was tested with Kolmogorov-Smirnov, and comparisons were performed using Student’s t-test, with significance set at p<0.05. Results demonstrated significant improvements in overall quality of life (p<0.003), symptoms (p<0.001), and environmental stimuli response (p<0.02). No significant differences were observed in daily activity limitations (p=0.3822). Emotional function improved significantly (p<0.02). Asthma control, assessed by ACQ7, showed a significant reduction in scores, indicating better disease management (p<0.02). Functional capacity also improved, with a significant increase in distance covered in the six-minute walk test (p<0.0004). In conclusion, pulmonary rehabilitation contributes to improvements in disease control, quality of life, and functional capacity in patients with severe asthma.
PRIMARY HEALTH CARE: THE ROLE OF PHARMACISTS IN ADHERENCE TO HYPERTENSION TREATMENT
Hypertension is a chronic condition characterized by persistently high blood pressure, usually equal to or greater than 140/90 mmHg. In more than 90% of cases, it is hereditary and represents one of the main risk factors for serious complications, such as stroke, acute myocardial infarction, aneurysms, and renal and heart failure. Despite the availability of effective therapies, blood pressure control remains unsatisfactory at the population level, with low adherence to treatment and late initiation of drug therapy being factors that compromise results. In this scenario, pharmacists in primary care play a key role in offering pharmacotherapeutic follow-up, reviewing medication use, and encouraging the adoption of healthy lifestyle habits, contributing to improving the quality of life of hypertensive patients. Objective: To evaluate the role of pharmacists in primary care in promoting and strengthening adherence to drug treatment in patients with hypertension.Materials and Methods: This study is an integrative literature review based on a search for articles in the online databases SciELO, National Library of Medicine (PubMed), Lilacs, and Virtual Health Library (VHL). Publications from 2020 to 2025 in Portuguese, English, and Spanish were included, and works outside the central theme were excluded. Results: According to the analysis, educational actions, goal setting, and multidisciplinary support favor adherence to hypertension treatment. Pharmacotherapeutic follow-up by pharmacists is essential to optimize the use of medications and strengthen the bond with patients. Subsidy programs for the purchase of medications also stood out as an effective strategy, especially in low-income populations.Conclusion: The role of pharmacists in primary care is essential to improving adherence to treatment for high blood pressure, whether through pharmacotherapeutic monitoring, guidance on the correct use of medications, or encouraging healthy lifestyle habits. Combined with multidisciplinary strategies, this intervention contributes to better blood pressure control, prevention of complications, and promotion of patients' quality of life.
CONDUCT OF MEDICAL INTERNS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF ONCOLOGICAL LESIONS- AN INTEGRATIVE REVIEW
INTRODUCTION: Cancer is considered a public health problem worldwide, with estimates of global growth. Among cancer patients, approximately 5% to 10% develop wounds, either due to the tumor or metastasis, known as malignant neoplastic lesions (MNLs). These wounds occur due to an oncological lesion associated with genetic mutations that affect the control of cell proliferation, resulting in an infiltration of malignant tumor cells into the skin structures, resulting in the formation of a wound that ends up destroying the entirety of the epithelium, causing disordered cell proliferation. OBJECTIVE: Investigate oncological lesions and assess the knowledge of heath professional METHODS: This is an integrative literature review using Scielo and PubMed searches, using the descriptors "Oncological Lesions", "Wounds", "Neoplasia" and "Malignancy". Was only used articles in Portuguese, applying the Boolean operator AND. The inclusion criteria were articles published in the last 5 years, publications that did not meet these criteria or were unrelated to the central objective were excluded. RESULTS: According to the articles reviewed, the study involved 11 experts, predominantly PhDs, who validated an 18-question questionnaire on malignant neoplastic wounds (MNW), covering definition, incidence, oncogenesis, staging, treatment, and nursing interventions. The validation showed a good degree of inter-rater agreement (Kendall's coefficient = 0.0941). It was identified that only 63% of Brazilian states have State Oncology Care Plans, most of which are not in compliance with Ordinance No. 874. Three categories emerged from the qualitative analysis: nursing care that transcends MNW management; team performance in assessment and care; and professionals' feelings regarding the palliative care context. CONCLUSION: Neoplastic wounds require greater attention during treatment, as healthcare professionals deal with both the patient's emotional and physical well-being. Furthermore, the lack of state planning for cancer treatment is notable. Further studies on the subject are needed to assist professionals and guide the development of continuing education programs.
BURNOUT IN MEDICAL STUDENTS AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH MENTAL HEALTH: A DOCUMENTARY ANALYSIS
Burnout syndrome, characterized by emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and low academic efficacy, has become a growing concern among medical students due to high academic demands, intense emotional exposure, and limited institutional support. This study aims to analyze the impact of burnout on medical students and its implications for mental health, focusing on psychological distress and suicidal ideation. This is a descriptive and documentary qualitative study conducted through a literature review. The databases LILACS, PubMed, and SciELO were consulted in Portuguese and English, using controlled descriptors “Burnout”, “Medical Students”, “Mental Health”, and “Suicidal Ideation” combined with the boolean operators AND and OR. The temporal scope included articles published between 2018 and 2024. The selected studies investigated the prevalence of burnout, its associated factors, and its impact on the mental health of medical students. The reviewed literature included a multicenter study with 511 Brazilian medical students, showing a burnout prevalence ranging from 30% to 50%. The most used instrument was the Maslach Burnout Inventory – Student Survey (MBI-SS), which evaluates emotional exhaustion, cynicism, and academic efficacy. Students with burnout showed lower scores in the psychological and physical domains of quality of life. A strong association was found between burnout and symptoms of anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation, underscoring its relevance in preventive strategies such as the "Yellow September" campaign. The data also pointed to greater vulnerability among female students and those in the intermediate stages of the course. Recognizing and addressing burnout in medical education is essential for protecting students' mental health and for shaping emotionally resilient future physicians. The findings reinforce the need for institutional policies focused on psychological support, early detection of emotional distress, and the development of socio-emotional skills, contributing to a healthier academic environment.
COGNITIVE SEQUELAE AND QUALITY OF LIFE OF TEACHERS IN THE SÃO PATRICIO VALLEY
The relationship between work and health in general is complex and requires attention to the core executive functions of teachers. Excessive demands can cause cognitive sequelae, directly affecting quality of life. Thus, it is essential to understand these effects in order to promote actions aimed at the well-being of these professionals. The study evaluated the presence of cognitive sequelae and their effects on the quality of life of teachers in the São Patrício Valley. A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted, approved by the Research Ethics Committee (opinion no. 6,144,987). The study was carried out in the São Patricio Valley and investigated cognitive sequelae and aspects of quality of life in 50 teachers from the federal, state, and municipal public school systems. The instruments used for data collection were the Span of Digits test, related to cognition, and the WHOQOL-100, which covers items related to quality of life. Statistical analysis was performed using Sigma Plot software. Federal school teachers performed better in repetition after interference, while state school teachers excelled in reverse span, suggesting greater efficiency in working memory. Municipal school teachers, on the other hand, scored low on all tasks, indicating impaired information retention and manipulation. In terms of quality of life, teachers in federal, state, and municipal schools reported high scores in the WHOQOL-100 domains when compared to professionals in alternative management initiatives. The findings reinforce the hypothesis that the institutional context and management model can influence both the cognitive health and quality of life of teachers. The findings suggest that teachers' cognitive performance and perception of quality of life vary according to the administrative sphere and institutional model. Teachers in the federal and state school systems demonstrated greater cognitive efficiency, while teachers in the municipal school system performed less well, indicating cognitive weaknesses in the work context. In addition, perceived quality of life was satisfactory among teachers in traditional networks compared to those linked to other management models. Therefore, institutional and organizational factors can be considered elements that directly influence both the cognitive health and general well-being of professionals.
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL PROFILE OF VIRAL HEPATITIS IN GOIÁS (2019–2023) IN COMPARISON WITH THE NATIONAL TREND
INTRODUCTION: Viral hepatitis represents a significant public health concern in Brazil due to its high prevalence, risk of chronic progression, and association with severe outcomes such as liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. These infections, often silent in most cases, substantially contribute to the global burden of liver diseases. Epidemiological surveillance is essential to guide screening, vaccination, early diagnosis, and the provision of appropriate treatment. In 2023, the state of Goiás stood out nationally for the marked increase in notifications, in contrast to the stability observed in the rest of the country. OBJECTIVE: To describe the epidemiological profile of viral hepatitis in Goiás between 2019 and 2023, based on DATASUS/SINAN data, and to compare it with the national trend during the same period. METHODOLOGY: Observational, descriptive, retrospective study based on the analysis of secondary data extracted from SINAN through the TABNET/DATASUS platform, accessed in July 2025. Confirmed cases in Goiás were evaluated according to year of diagnosis, age group, and macro-region of residence, followed by comparison with national data. The analysis included calculation of absolute and relative frequencies as well as percentage variations, in order to identify regional and temporal patterns. RESULTS: Goiás reported 3,430 cases of hepatitis B and C during the study period, with a similar distribution between HBV (49.2%) and HCV (50.8%). An increase in HCV detection rates and a decline in HBV cases were observed. The most affected age groups were 40–59 years and 20–39 years. The Central-West macro-region accounted for most cases. Nationally, notifications remained stable, ranging from 35,000 to 37,000 cases per year. CONCLUSION: The divergent pattern observed in Goiás suggests intensified testing, expanded screening initiatives, or improvements in notification processes. The findings reinforce the importance of active surveillance, early diagnosis, vaccination coverage, and treatment access as strategic pillars in the control of viral hepatitis.
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL PROFILE OF SNAKEBITE ACCIDENTS IN ANÁPOLIS-GO, 2020–2025
BACKGROUND: Snakebite envenomations represent a significant public health issue in Brazil, particularly in regions with extensive rural areas or unplanned urban expansion¹. The state of Goiás, in Brazil’s Central-West region, has environmental and socioeconomic conditions that contribute to these incidents. Anápolis is a strategic municipality for investigation due to its geographical position and mix of urban and rural zones, making the study of its epidemiological profile essential for identifying local patterns and developing targeted interventions¹. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the epidemiological profile of snakebite envenomations in Anápolis, focusing on time to medical care, victim’s educational level, and case outcomes. METHODS: This is an observational, descriptive, and retrospective study based on data from SINAN/DATASUS regarding snakebite accidents in Anápolis-GO (2020–2025). RESULTS: Of the snakebite cases analyzed, 43.1% of victims had completed or incomplete high school or higher education, 8.3% had completed primary education, and 39.5% had incomplete primary education (11.3% incomplete 1st–4th grade, 8.3% completed 4th grade, 19.9% incomplete 5th–8th grade). Additionally, 0.5% of cases involved illiterate individuals. Despite educational disparities, the time to seek medical care varied widely, from within 1 hour to 24 hours or more, regardless of educational level². Regarding case outcomes, of 397 reported cases, 389 (98%) resulted in recovery across all time intervals (0 to >24 hours). Three cases (0.75%) resulted in death, occurring at 0–1 hour, 6–12 hours, and after 24 hours, respectively, with 5 cases (1.25%) classified as unknown/blank³. CONCLUSION: Educational level alone does not significantly influence the time to seek medical care. Higher-educated individuals may seek care more promptly, possibly due to better access to healthcare services in urban areas, while those with lower education, often in rural areas, face greater risk exposure and access barriers4,5,6. Furthermore, the time from bite to medical care is not the primary determinant of case outcomes. Further investigation into clinical, environmental, and social factors is necessary to understand healthcare-seeking behavior and improve snakebite outcomes.
AIDS IN BRAZIL: DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS OF THE FREQUENCY AND DISTRIBUTION OF CASES FROM 2021 TO 2024
Introduction: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), caused by HIV, remains a major public health challenge in Brazil. Modes of transmission include unprotected sexual intercourse, blood transfusion, and vertical transmission, the latter being a particular concern for pregnant women. Furthermore, individuals with lower educational attainment are more vulnerable to infection, highlighting the need for prevention strategies tailored to social inequalities. Objective: To describe the frequency and distribution of AIDS cases in Brazil between 2021 and 2024, according to year of diagnosis, region, sex, educational level, and mode of transmission. Methods: This is a descriptive study based on consolidated data from SINAN/DATASUS up to June 30, 2024. All reported AIDS cases from 2021 to 2024 were included, stratified by year, region, sex, educational level, and mode of transmission (vertical transmission and transfusion). Results: During the study period, Brazil recorded 128,503 AIDS cases, with 71.1% in men and 28.8% in women. Regionally, the highest concentration occurred in the Southeast (36.6%), followed by the Northeast (24%), South (17.5%), North (13.4%), and Center-West (8.4%). A progressive increase was observed between 2021 and 2023, with a slight decline in 2024, likely due to partial data consolidation. Vertical transmission accounted for 830 cases, with 63% in men and 37% in women, predominantly in the Northeast (32.2%) and Southeast (25.9%). Cases due to blood transfusion were rare, totaling 9, mainly in the Southeast and South. Regarding educational level, the highest proportion of cases occurred among individuals with completed high school (34.6%), followed by those with incomplete 5th to 8th grade (14.4%) and completed higher education (12.9%). Among illiterate individuals, cases accounted for 2.3%. These findings demonstrate an association between lower educational attainment and greater vulnerability to HIV/AIDS infection. Conclusion: Between 2021 and 2024, AIDS cases in Brazil were concentrated in the Southeast and among men, with proportional increases in other regions. Detailed analysis by sex, region, educational level, and transmission mode highlights territorial and social inequalities, reinforcing the need for targeted strategies in prevention, testing, and antiretroviral treatment. Continuous monitoring of the different categories is essential to guide public health policies adapted to regional and sociodemographic specificities, contributing to the reduction of AIDS incidence and mortality in the country.
PALLIATIVE CARE AND INTEGRATED PALLIATIVE CARE IN ONCOLOGY: STRATEGIES FOR PROMOTING QUALITY OF LIFE IN CANCER PATIENTS
Introduction: The integration of palliative care into cancer treatment, especially through integrated palliative care, is essential to improve the quality of life of cancer patients. This early and multidisciplinary approach provides monitoring from the initial stages of the disease. It also promotes humane care, encompassing emotional, social, and spiritual aspects. Furthermore, it challenges the misconception that palliative care is limited to end-of-life care, demonstrating that it can and should complement disease-modifying therapies.Objective: To analyze the relevance of palliative care, especially integrated palliative care, in the care of cancer patients, with a focus on improving quality of life, symptom control, and emotional support for both patients and their families.Methodology: An integrative literature review was conducted, searching the PubMed database using the descriptors "Palliative Care," "Integrated Palliative Care," "Cancer" and "Quality of Life," Five articles published between 2019 and 2024 were included, comprising randomized clinical trials, systematic reviews, and observational studies. Duplicate articles, studies outside the scope, or articles published before 2019 were excluded.Results: Evidence suggests that early palliative care improves the management of physical symptoms, such as pain, fatigue, and dyspnea, while also contributing to the reduction of anxiety and depression. Patients monitored by multidisciplinary teams report higher satisfaction with treatment and receive better support for their families throughout the illness. Another relevant finding is the reduction of unnecessary hospitalizations and aggressive end-of-life interventions, benefiting both patient experience and healthcare system organization. Integrated models positively impact resource allocation, enhance communication between staff and patients, and support therapeutic decisions aligned with individual values and preferences.Conclusion: Palliative and integrated care, when implemented early, significantly improve the quality of life of cancer patients. However, challenges remain, including cultural barriers, a shortage of trained professionals, and unequal access across regions. Therefore, investing in continuous professional training, raising societal awareness, and implementing consistent public policies are essential to expand coverage and consolidate this practice in oncology. Strengthening these strategies points toward a future where cancer care is more dignified, compassionate, and patient-centered.
EVOLUTION OF MODERN PHARMACY: BETWEEN ARTISANAL COMPOUNDING AND TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
Modern pharmacy is the result of a continuous process of evolution, in which the artisanal tradition of compounding merges with technological innovation. This study, based on a literature review of various articles and historical documents, analyzed aspects such as the comparison between compounded and industrialized medicines, the emergence of “gourmet” formulations, the digitalization of pharmacies, and the historical trajectory of the pharmaceutical profession in Brazil. The findings show that compounded and industrialized medicines are complementary, as they offer both personalization and large-scale standardized production. “Gourmet” formulations emerge as an innovative strategy to improve therapeutic adherence, especially among children and the elderly. Digitalization and the use of technologies, such as computerized systems and robotics, demonstrate significant advances in reducing errors and expanding access to services, though they require continuous investment. The history of pharmacy in Brazil reveals the transition from old apothecaries to industrialization and the reinvention of the pharmacist’s role, who today is increasingly engaged in pharmaceutical care and technological management. It is concluded that contemporary pharmacy is sustained by three main pillars: personalization, technological modernization, and historical evolution. Its future depends on the ability to integrate these dimensions while maintaining technical quality and close interaction with patients.
CAR-T CELL THERAPY: BIOTECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION IN THE FIGHT AGAINST CANCER
Introduction: Cell therapy with T lymphocytes modified with chimeric antigen receptors (CAR-T) represents a biotechnological and therapeutic advance against cancer, especially in cases refractory to conventional treatments. Initially developed in the United States in the early 2010s, the technique arrived in Brazil through the Cell Therapy Center at the Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP). Although promising, the therapy is still little known among academics and health professionals, which reinforces the importance of its dissemination in scientific and educational circles. Objective: The objective of this study was to present, in a didactic manner, the fundamentals of CAR-T cell therapy, highlighting its development, clinical application, observed results, and prospects for access in Brazil, contributing to a greater understanding of the topic among academics and health professionals. Methodology: The research was conducted by consulting journals available in the Google Scholar, PubMed, LILACS, and Virtual Health Library (VHL) databases. The study focused on systematizing information about the CAR-T cell production process, the main types of cancer in which the technique has been applied, and the advances recorded in Brazil, especially from initiatives by USP, the Ribeirão Preto Blood Center, and the Butantan Institute. Results: The therapy consists of collecting blood from the patient, isolating T cells, and sending them to specialized centers for genetic modification with a lentiviral vector. This vector, which is incapable of causing disease, inserts the CD19 receptor into lymphocytes, enabling them to recognize and attack cancer cells. After about 60 days, the modified cells are returned to the patient in a single dose, intravenously, promoting an effective immune response. Clinical studies have shown high remission rates in acute lymphoid leukemia and lymphomas, including in terminally ill patients. In Brazil, the first volunteer treated with the experimental technology achieved complete remission from advanced lymphoma. Other patients treated showed equally significant results. However, the cost of the procedure, around US$500,000 per patient, is a major barrier to its widespread use. Conclusion: CAR-T cell therapy is one of the most innovative strategies in the fight against cancer, offering new possibilities for patients without therapeutic alternatives. The success of the first Brazilian experiments reinforces the potential for incorporating the technique into the Unified Health System, provided that challenges related to infrastructure, costs, and regulation are overcome. The dissemination of this knowledge among academics and health professionals is essential to broaden the debate and promote public policies that enable access to cutting-edge treatments.
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL PROFILE OF SPIDER BITES IN ANÁPOLIS, GOIÁS, 2020–2025
BACKGROUND: Accidents involving venomous animals have increased in Brazil, affecting urban, semi-urban, and predominantly rural areas1. Spiders rank as the second most reported group, following scorpions2. In Anápolis, Goiás, 341 cases recorded from 2020 to 2025 underscore the local significance of these incidents, which can constitute medical emergencies with risks of morbidity and mortality, necessitating epidemiological analysis to inform prevention and healthcare strategies3. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the epidemiological profile of spider bite accidents in Anápolis, focusing on time to medical care, victim’s educational level, and clinical outcomes. METHODS: This is an observational, descriptive, and retrospective study, based on SINAN/DATASUS data regarding spider accidents in Anápolis, Goiás (2020–2025), examining the relationship between educational level, time to seek medical care and outcomes of spider bite cases. RESULTS: Of the 341 cases, 9.7% did not report educational level, 1.5% were illiterate, 25.8% had incomplete primary education, 8.2% complete primary, 10% incomplete secondary, 31.7% complete secondary, 2.9% incomplete higher education, and 10.3% complete higher education4. This distribution across education levels was heterogeneous, but without a clear predominance. Regardless of time to medical care, 340 cases resulted in recovery. The sole reported death occurred after 24 hours post-accident5. CONCLUSION: Although rural areas have higher incidence of venomous animal accidents and lower educational levels, care-seeking was not proportionally higher in this group1,6. Geographic and socioeconomic barriers may limit timely access to healthcare in rural settings7,8. Time to medical care did not significantly influence clinical outcomes, except that it is relevant to highlight that the only death recorded from spider accidents was associated with care provided more than 24 hours after the incident, indicating a correlation between delayed treatment and more severe outcomes.
THE HARMFUL EFFECTS OF ELECTRONIC CIGARETTES: A THREAT IN DISGUISE
The growing use of electronic cigarettes has caused significant changes in nicotine consumption, especially among adolescents and adults. This audience has migrated to the use of vaporization devices driven by the false perception that inhalation provides comfort and relief from signs of anxiety. However, despite their popularity, the long-term effects of electronic cigarette use are still poorly understood. On the other hand, these devices have been associated with health risks, especially in the development of respiratory and oral diseases, whose main causes are historically linked to smoking and can result in serious damage to the human body. The objective was to analyze the impact of the growth in the use of electronic cigarettes and its consequences for the health of the population, focusing on the respiratory system, diseases associated with prolonged use, and damage to physical and mental health. The aim is to conduct a critical review of the possible effects of this practice, which is still considered controversial, taking into account current legislation, epidemiological data, and the social perception of electronic cigarettes as an alternative to traditional smoking. This is a narrative review of the literature. The search was conducted in the SciELO, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases, using the descriptors “Electronic Cigarette,” “Respiratory System,” “Diagnosis,” and “Harm,” combined by the Boolean operators AND and OR. Articles published between 2021 and 2023, in Portuguese or English, with free access, that directly addressed the harm, risks, and injuries caused by electronic cigarettes in adolescents and adults were included. Studies that dealt with other negative consequences not closely associated with the topic were excluded. The selected studies highlight clinical manifestations of lung injuries related to e-cigarette use, including the EVALI outbreak. Short- and long-term health risks were identified, such as impacts on brain development and mental health. Evidence of reduced cell viability, DNA damage, and changes in inflammatory responses was also observed, contributing to significant physiological consequences. In addition, potentially carcinogenic substances were detected in the aerosols produced by these devices. It is concluded that despite the scarcity of long-term studies, the use of electronic cigarettes is already linked to several negative health effects. It is concluded that these devices are not safe alternatives to conventional tobacco, and further scientific studies are needed to deepen knowledge about their impacts. Public awareness and the development of effective public policies are also urgent in view of the growth in use among young people.
ETHISCHE ASPEKTE IN DER ARBEIT VON BIOMEDIZINERN
The role of biomedical professionals has expanded into various areas of healthcare, such as clinical analysis, diagnostic imaging, aesthetics, extracorporeal perfusion, exercise physiology, genetic counseling, and gerontology, among others. With this growth, it has become essential to understand the ethical aspects involved in the practice. The objective of this study was to analyze the main ethical elements related to the work of biomedical professionals, with an emphasis on professional competencies, ethical and legal limits, and clinical impacts. Methodology: A narrative review of the literature was conducted in databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar, with articles from the last 10 years published in English and Portuguese in full version. Clinical studies addressing the topic were included, excluding duplicate publications and those deviating from the topic. The studies analyzed address the training, legal duties, and regulatory requirements of the profession, as established by the Federal Council of Biomedicine (CFBM) and current legislation, as well as by the Regional Council of Biomedicine, union, and associations. The results indicate that, despite the variety of areas of practice, biomedical professionals must respect their technical and ethical limits, in addition to seeking constant scientific updating and technical mastery. The importance of working in a multidisciplinary team to ensure quality in health care is also highlighted. It is concluded that understanding medical aspects is essential for patient safety.
CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS OFFERED BY SUS (UNIFIED HEALTH SYSTEM): KNOW TO PROTECT YOURSELF
ABSTRACT: Contraception is a cost-effective strategy that allows men and women to plan the timing of their children’s arrival. The SUS (Brazilian Unified Health System) offers different methods, such as hormonal (oral and injectable), barrier (condoms and diaphragm), intrauterine devices (IUD), and definitive sterilization (tubal ligation and vasectomy). Within SUS, contraceptive methods are chosen according to the patient’s preference, who receives information during reproductive planning consultations in Primary Care. The Ministry of Health guides services through manuals and protocols. For contraceptive surgery (tubal ligation or vasectomy), it is necessary to meet legal requirements, sign a consent form, and wait 60 days before the procedure, ensuring time for reflection. Method efficacy is also an important criterion in the choice. Among injectables, medroxyprogesterone acetate and the combination of norethisterone enanthate + estradiol valerate are available. The choice of method should be free and informed, according to the patient’s reality and preference. It is important to highlight that condoms are the only method that, in addition to preventing pregnancy, also protect against Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs). Contraception represents a fundamental advance in reproductive health, offering people the possibility to plan motherhood and fatherhood in a safe and conscious way. Among the available methods, internal and external condoms stand out as the main physical barriers to fertilization, which, in addition to preventing pregnancy, are the only ones that also protect against STIs. The contraceptive pill, one of the most widely used methods in the world, symbolizes a milestone in women’s autonomy. Composed of synthetic hormones similar to estrogen and progesterone, it prevents ovulation and modifies cervical mucus, although it has contraindications that must be assessed by a physician. Another alternative is the injectable hormonal contraceptive, administered monthly or quarterly, which works similarly to the pill but with greater practicality. Also hormonal, the subdermal implant is a long-term option: inserted under the skin of the upper arm, it continuously releases substances that prevent ovulation and hinder sperm from reaching the egg. Among non-hormonal methods, the Intrauterine Device (IUD) stands out, especially the copper IUD, which triggers an inflammatory reaction in the uterus capable of eliminating sperm. With long duration and high efficacy, it can remain effective for up to ten years without requiring continuous use or daily discipline. Finally, there are definitive methods: tubal ligation and vasectomy. Both are surgical procedures that interrupt the path of gametes, ensuring permanent efficacy. Precisely because of their irreversibility, these methods require professional follow-up, family planning sessions, and careful evaluation. Thus, the diversity of available options enables each individual or couple to choose the method most appropriate to their reality, always based on information, autonomy, and health care.
CHAGASIC MEGAESOPHAGUS: REPERCUSSIONS ON QUALITY OF LIFE
Introduction: Chagas disease remains a serious public health problem in Latin America, with a significant impact also in non-endemic countries due to migration. Among its clinical forms, Chagas megaesophagus represents a digestive manifestation of high morbidity, characterized by progressive dysphagia, regurgitation, and weight loss. In addition to the pathophysiological repercussions, these alterations significantly compromise patients' quality of life (QOL), both physically and emotionally. Objective: To analyze the relationship between Chagas megaesophagus and the quality of life of Chagas patients in recent years, based on five original studies and systematic reviews available in national and international scientific databases. Methodology: A narrative review of the literature was conducted based on articles published between 2020 and 2025, including cross-sectional studies, systematic reviews, and clinical update articles. The descriptors used were: Chagas Disease, Chagasic Megaesophagus, Quality of Life, Achalasia, Gastrointestinal Manifestations, and Treatment. The databases consulted included SciELO, PubMed, and international open-access journals. Results: The reviewed articles showed that patients with Chagasic megaesophagus have a significant reduction in all QOL domains, assessed mainly by the SF-36, with worse performance in physical and emotional aspects. Factors such as symptom intensity (dysphagia, retrosternal pain, regurgitation), social stigma, and difficulty in accessing specialized treatment were specific as additional negative determinants. Systematic reviews also indicated that therapeutic strategies (such as dilation, Heller myotomy, and POEM) withdrawn for symptomatic improvement and consequent partial recovery of QOL. Brazilian studies highlighted the use of instruments validated in Portuguese and emphasized the need to integrate clinical and psychosocial assessment. Conclusion: Chagas' megaesophagus significantly compromises patients' quality of life, not only due to digestive symptoms but also due to psychosocial and functional impacts. Effective therapeutic interventions can improve QOL, but stigma and barriers to accessing healthcare remain challenges. Therefore, the need for integrated approaches that combine clinical-surgical treatment and psychosocial support to improve care for Chagas' patients is evident.
IBOGAINE-ASSISTED TREATMENT FOR OPIOID-RELATED DISORDERS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND SINGLE-ARM META-ANALYSIS
Introduction: Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a complex disease and public health threat, with challenging medical treatment as no specific treatment is considered universally effective. Ibogaine has been used informally as an active in drug-assisted treatment for OUD and shown positive results. However, current evidence regarding the drug’s efficacy remains inconclusive as no consensus has been well established in literature. Aims: We aimed to perform an updated systematic review and single-arm meta-analysis of ibogaine-assisted therapy in patients undergoing treatment for opioid abuse disorders. Methods: We used PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane Central for studies that used ibogaine as a main agent in drug-assisted OUD treatment. Outcomes of interest were reduction of withdrawal symptoms, decreased substance use, improvement of social functioning and improvement of psychological symptoms. Statistical analysis was performed using OpenMetaAnalyst. Heterogeneity was assessed with I² statistics. Results: Four observational studies were included in this review, totalling 120 patients. They were predominantly of male, Caucasian individuals, with a mean age of 33.52 years and an average of 4.26 previous treatment attempts. The Subjective Opiate Withdrawal Scale (SOWS) and the Addiction Severity Index (ASI) were employed as assessment instruments. When evaluating withdrawal symptoms, meta-analysis reported overall decrease of 12.62 (95% CI: 4.75–20.48%; p = 0.003; I² = 83.05%). Significant positive changes over one year in the social functioning and mental health of patients was also relevant. However, it is important to highlight the high heterogeneity of the results, which may be explained by the relatively small sample size and the absence of control groups. Conclusion: Our meta-analysis suggests that ibogaine demonstrates promising potential for the treatment of opioid use disorder, showing beneficial effects on opioid withdrawal symptoms, psychiatric outcomes, and social reintegration of affected individuals. However, given the risk of bias inherent to the observational methodologies of the studies included in this meta-analysis, it is essential that randomized clinical trials be conducted to establish the efficacy and safety of ibogaine in this context.
CAR-T CELL IMMUNOTHERAPY FOR GLIOBLASTOMA: SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS AND CURRENT LIMITATIONS
INTRODUCTION: Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive subtype of primary central nervous system tumor, characterized by high cellular heterogeneity, infiltrative growth, and resistance to standard therapies (surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy). Given the unfavorable prognosis and median survival of less than 15 months, immune-based strategies have been explored as promising alternatives. Among them, therapy with T cells modified by chimeric antigen receptors (CAR-T) has achieved success in hematological malignancies and is currently under investigation for solid tumors, including GBM. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to review recent literature to identify advances, limitations, and future perspectives on the use of CAR-T cells in glioblastoma treatment. METHODOLOGY: A literature review was conducted in digital databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science), including original articles and reviews published between 2019 and 2025. The following descriptors were used: "glioblastoma," "CAR-T cells," "immunotherapy," and Boolean combinations. Inclusion criteria: preclinical and clinical studies on GBM, publications in English or Portuguese, full-text access. Exclusion criteria: isolated case reports and articles outside the tumor scope. RESULTS: Application of CAR-T cells in preclinical GBM models demonstrated significant tumor burden reduction when targeting IL13Rα2, EGFRvIII, and GD2, particularly through locoregional delivery (intratumoral or intraventricular), which increases concentration and persistence of cells at the tumor site. Phase I clinical trials using CAR-T against IL13Rα2, EGFRvIII, and GD2 confirmed the feasibility and safety of the approach, showing partial and stable responses in some patients, although efficacy was limited by tumor antigenic heterogeneity and short remission duration. Major challenges include escape due to antigen loss or variation, the blood–brain barrier restricting effector cell trafficking, and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, composed of regulatory cells, MDSCs, and anti-inflammatory cytokines, as well as CAR-T exhaustion and low persistence. To overcome these obstacles, emerging strategies include “armored” CAR-T cells with cytokines such as IL-7, CCL19, or IL-12 to enhance expansion and lymphocyte recruitment, synthetic SynNotch systems allowing sequential multi-antigen recognition and fine-tuned activation control, as well as combined approaches integrating CAR-T with oncolytic viruses, checkpoint inhibitors, and localized radiotherapy. Furthermore, advances in humanized and bispecific CAR engineering and personalized tumor phenotyping methods promise to optimize specificity and mitigate tumor escape. CONCLUSION: CAR-T cell therapy represents an innovative perspective for GBM, with promising results in experimental models and initial safety in humans. However, intrinsic tumor and microenvironmental limitations require multifaceted approaches to enhance efficacy and durability. Future investigations should focus on optimizing CAR design, administration routes, and combinatory therapies to overcome current obstacles.
DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS: WHEN THE LACK OF INSULIN BECOMES AN EMERGENCY
Introduction: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a metabolic emergency primarily associated with type 1 diabetes, but can also occur in type 2 diabetes with the use of SGLT2 inhibitors and insulin reduction. It involves hyperglycemia, lipolysis, ketosis, and metabolic acidosis. Treatment includes fluid replacement, insulin, and electrolyte correction. In mild cases, the subcutaneous route has been shown to be effective. Management should be individualized to reduce complications. Objective: To investigate the pathophysiology and emergency management of diabetic ketoacidosis due to insulin deficiency. Methodology: This is an integrative literature review based on five articles, searched in the PubMed and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) databases. The review was conducted in 2025 using the following Health Sciences Descriptors (DeCS): "Diabetic ketoacidosis," "Insulin," "Ketones," and "Metabolic acidosis." Articles published between 2020 and 2025 were included. Articles published prior to 2020, those not classified as free or meta-analyzed, or that did not answer the guiding question "What are the mechanisms and emergency procedures in diabetic ketoacidosis due to insulin deficiency?" were not analyzed. Results: Insulin deficiency is the main factor in diabetic ketoacidosis, stimulating lipolysis, ketogenesis, and metabolic acidosis. Intravenous insulin is the standard of care, but the subcutaneous route is safe in mild cases. SGLT2 inhibitors increase the risk, especially with insufficient insulin. High BMI, insulin resistance, and dehydration also contribute. Management requires strict monitoring and individualized approaches. Conclusion: Therefore, diabetic ketoacidosis is a serious complication of insulin deficiency, causing intense lipolysis, ketosis, and metabolic acidosis. Treatment should be immediate, with hydration, electrolyte correction, and insulin. The subcutaneous route is effective in mild, monitored cases. SGLT2 inhibitors require caution in at-risk patients. Therefore, management should be individualized based on the evidence.
IMPORTANCE OF KNOWING THE FACIAL MUSCLES FOR BOTULINUM TOXIN APPLICATION
ABSTRACT The use of botulinum toxin has driven further study of facial musculature, stimulating new approaches and treatment points. Current safe practice requires a dynamic assessment of aging and advanced anatomical mastery. The objective was to relate knowledge of facial musculature to the application of botulinum toxin. This was a narrative review. The search was performed in PubMed and Google Scholar, using the descriptors "Botulinum Toxin A," "muscles," "head," and "neck," combined by Boolean operators AND. Articles published between 2020 and 2025, in Portuguese or English, with free access, were included. Duplicate studies unrelated to the topic were excluded. Botulinum toxin blocks the release of acetylcholine at nerve endings, preventing muscle contraction and paralyzing the muscle by interrupting the transmission of electrical stimuli. Recent studies show that detailed anatomical knowledge of the facial muscles is essential for the safe application of botulinum toxin, avoiding complications such as asymmetries and eyelid ptosis, especially regarding the orbicularis oculi, corrugator supercilii, procerus, frontalis, levator labii superioris and alae nasi, levator labii superioris, zygomaticus minor and major, depressor septi nasi, depressor labii inferioris and anguli oris, masseter, and temporalis muscles. Safe practice also depends on recognizing individual anatomical variations and using the correct technique. This minimizes the risk of complications and achieves more natural aesthetic results. Conclusion Anatomical knowledge is essential to ensure the safety and satisfaction of procedures and is linked to constant updating in facial harmonization.
PROPOSAL FOR INTERVENTION IN ORAL HEALTH FOR CHILDREN WITH SPECIAL NEEDS: PARTNERSHIP BETWEEN THE ACADEMIC DENTISTRY LEAGUE AND CASA JOANA
Patients with special needs face significant barriers to accessing dental care, particularly regarding oral health promotion and minimally invasive treatments. In this context, Casa Joana, a community institution that welcomes more than 200 families of children with Down syndrome, autism, and other conditions, is a strategic space for developing outreach initiatives in partnership with the university. The aim is to present the proposed outreach intervention of the Academic League of Dentistry for Patients with Special Needs, in collaboration with Casa Joana, focused on promoting oral health, welcoming families, and analyzing the situational aspects of dental conditions. The project is in the planning phase and will be developed over a day of activities, organized into three areas: (1) oral hygiene workshops with supervised brushing; (2) clinical care using Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART); and (3) an educational lecture for parents and guardians, with an emphasis on prevention and oral health maintenance measures. Illustrated and accessible teaching materials will be produced to support understanding. During implementation, the aim is to collect information on oral health conditions and barriers faced by families to inform future care strategies. The aim is to promote immediate improvements in participants' oral hygiene, address simple dental needs, and raise caregivers' awareness of prevention. Furthermore, the program aims to enhance the practical and humanized training of students, bringing the university closer to social needs. This proposal, still in its initial phase, seeks to integrate care, support, and critical analysis of reality, reaffirming the potential of university extension as an instrument of social inclusion, academic development, and transformation.
MORTALITY FROM CARDIOPULMONARY DISEASES 2023–2024 IN BRAZIL, GOIÁS, SANTA ISABEL AND GOIANÉSIA
Cardiorespiratory diseases are pathological conditions that affect the heart and blood vessels, such as acute myocardial infarction (AMI), heart failure, ischemic heart disease, pneumonia, among others. They represent one of the leading causes of mortality in Brazil, especially among the elderly and vulnerable populations. The objective of this study was to analyze mortality data from cardiopulmonary diseases in Goiás, and in municipalities such as Goianésia and Santa Isabel, between the years 2023 and 2024. A bibliographic review methodology was used, presenting a descriptive and quantitative study, based on data obtained from the Mortality Information System (SIM), made available by DATASUS. For this purpose, records with ICD-10 (International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision) codes related to cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, grouped by region and year, were included. From 2022 to 2024, according to the Mortality Information System (SIM), there was an increase in the mortality rate from cardiopulmonary diseases in Brazil, totaling 398,177 deaths, which corresponds to a national average of 11.29 deaths per thousand inhabitants. In the municipality of Goianésia, the number of deaths was significant, with a total of 45 citizens, while in Santa Isabel there was a slight reduction to 6 cases. Therefore, addressing the related risk factors appears crucial to direct more effective public health actions for the population. The findings highlight the persistent relevance of cardiorespiratory diseases as a leading cause of death, requiring continuous investment in public policies focused on prevention, early diagnosis, and effective treatment, especially in regions and municipalities with greater vulnerability and fewer resources.
Burns as a Public Health Problem: Consequences and the Need for Professional Training
INTRODUCTION: Burns are injuries caused by external agents on the body surface, which may affect only the skin or, in more severe cases, extend to deeper tissues. They are classified into three degrees according to depth: first-degree burns involve the epidermis, presenting erythema without blisters, mild edema, and pain; second-degree burns affect the epidermis and part of the dermis, with the presence of blisters and intense pain; third-degree burns compromise all skin layers, muscles, and even bones, resulting in necrosis with whitish or dark coloration and absence of pain due to nerve damage. Burns may lead to significant consequences, including work absenteeism, physical, aesthetic, psychological, social, and functional impairments, in addition to nutritional repercussions. They are strongly associated with high morbidity and mortality rates and may also trigger metabolic disorders, increased susceptibility to infections, and long-term impacts on quality of life. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the significance of burns as a public health issue and to emphasize the importance of preparing health professionals for adequate treatment and patient care. METHODS: A literature review was conducted in the SciELO and PubMed databases using the Health Sciences Descriptors (DeCS): “burns,” “wounds,” and “wound healing,” combined with the Boolean operator AND. The inclusion criteria studies published in the last five years, freely available, and written in English or Portuguese. RESULTS: The literature shows that the most frequent causes of burns include exposure to flames, scalds, electrical burns, and chemical burns, with severity determined by both exposure time and lesion depth. Epidemiological data indicate that burns are among the main causes of hospital admissions due to accidents, with higher prevalence in young adults, men, and in domestic environments. Socioeconomic and cultural factors are directly related to the etiology of burns, with greater severity observed in developing countries. Elderly individuals represent a particularly vulnerable group, with higher mortality rates and increased risk of severe complications such as sepsis, hypermetabolism, and multiple organ failure. CONCLUSION: Advances in medical care focused on burn treatment, supportive measures, and wound healing have been fundamental to improving patient outcomes. Nevertheless, while treatment effectiveness is greater in younger populations, elderly patients remain at higher risk of adverse outcomes. This highlights the urgent need for public health policies directed toward prevention and specialized care for this population. Educational initiatives targeting physicians and other health professionals are essential to strengthen clinical practices and improve patient recovery across pre-hospital, hospital, and post-hospital settings.
PHARMACOVIGILANCE IN HEMOTHERAPY: MONITORING TRANSFUSION REACTIONS AND PATIENT SAFETY
Pharmacovigilance and haemovigilance are complementary and fundamental areas for ensuring transfusion safety in hemotherapy. This simple abstract addresses the concepts, classification of transfusion reactions, protocols for reporting and investigation, the role of the clinical pharmacist, electronic monitoring systems, epidemiological data in Brazil, current challenges, and the guidelines of ANVISA and the Brazilian Society of Hematology and Hemotherapy (SBHH). The research includes normative analysis, review of technical-scientific literature, assessment of recent national epidemiological data, and examination of monitoring systems and emerging technologies. The regulatory advances of RDC nº 34/2014 and IN nº 196/2022 are highlighted, as are multidisciplinary approaches, the use of the Notivisa system, the evolution of compliance indicators, challenges related to underreporting and professional qualification, and international trends such as AI integration in pharmacovigilance processes. These strategies underpin the continuous improvement of patient safety, process quality, and national institutional effectiveness
STEREOTACTIC RADIOSURGERY AS AN OPTION THERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH HCV AND MALFORMATIONS ARTERIOVENOUS
INTRODUCTION: Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is a non-invasive technique that uses externally generated ionizing radiation to inactivate specific targets in the brain or column. It is indicated for patients with high surgical risk, such as elderly or multiple comorbidities, in addition to allowing access to deep or critical regions. Their main applications include treatment of cerebral and spinal metastases, neuralgia of the trigemeths, meningiomas, schwannomas and arteriovenous malformations (MAVs). OBJECTIVE: Analyze the relevance of SRS as a neurosurgical treatment for VAMs in patients with hemorrhagic stroke (HVAc). METHODOLOGY: A review was integrative literature in the databases PubMed, SciELO and LILACS, with search for articles published in the last 10 years. Original peer-reviewed studies were included, published in Portuguese, English or Spanish, with access to the full text and addressing the association between stereotactic radiosurgery, VAMs and HFCAs. Case reports were excluded, letters to the editor and studies that did not directly address the theme. RESULTS: The MAVs are complex vascular lesions in which arterial blood flows directly to the venous system by multiple fistulous communications and without capillary bed, generating hyperflow and increased risk of rupture. This condition is associated with the occurrence of HCVAh, especially in young adults, accounting for approximately 25% of cases in individuals with less than 50 years. SRS acts with converging radiation beams, causing vascular damage focal and promoting obliteration of AVM by endothelial proliferation. Additionally, it reduces pro-angiogenic mediators such as VEGF, TGFβ, angiopoietin-2 and growth factor basic of fibroblasts in up to three months, decreasing the risk of further bleeding. basic of fibroblasts in up to three months, decreasing the risk of further bleeding. CONCLUSION: Stereotactic radiosurgery is an effective, safe and minimally invasive and with lower cost, presenting low rate of complications. Your indication is relevant in more complex lesions or in patients with contraindications to conventional surgical treatment.
Comprehensive Care for Frailty in Older Adults: A Practical Experience
Introduction:Vulnerability and frailty in older adults represent complex challenges that demand a comprehensive approach to care. Early identification and intervention are essential to maintain autonomy, reduce risks, and promote quality of life.Objective:To describe the comprehensive geriatric assessment and care plan developed for an older adult with a functional frailty profile.Methodology:This is an experience report based on the application of assessment scales and the development of a multidisciplinary intervention plan. The evaluation encompassed physical, cognitive, social, and functional aspects, which are essential for understanding the overall condition of the older adult.Results:During the assessment, indicators of vulnerability, cognitive and functional deficits were observed, along with factors that increased fall risk and compromised performance in daily activities. Depressive symptoms, signs of sarcopenia, chronic pain, and visual limitations were also identified, all of which negatively impact independence.The scales applied indicated significant vulnerability (VES-13), high risk of functional frailty (IVCF-20), moderate cognitive impairment (MMSE), and limited social support. Difficulties were identified in both basic activities (such as bathing and locomotion) and instrumental activities (such as household organization and financial management).Discussion:The results underscored the need for interventions focused on reducing polypharmacy, minimizing environmental risks, and strengthening social support. The care plan included daily adaptations, such as guidance on a balanced diet, adequate hydration, and educational measures at home. Practical strategies were suggested, including decreasing salt intake, increasing the consumption of fruits and proteins, and engaging in simple physical exercises with light resistance.Conclusion:A multidisciplinary approach is essential for identifying and managing frailty in older adults. Individualized care, with referrals to geriatrics, nutrition, physiotherapy, and psychology, combined with periodic reviews of functional evolution, proved to be fundamental for promoting autonomy, reducing risks, and preventing complications. This experience reinforces the importance of coordinated and continuous interventions as strategies for active and healthy aging.
THE IMPORTANCE OF THE PHARMACIST IN PROMOTING THE RATIONAL USE OF MEDICINES
The irrational use of antibiotics represents a critical challenge for public health, as it promotes bacterial resistance, reduces therapeutic efficacy, and increases healthcare costs. Self-medication is identified as one of the main contributing factors, which can lead to adverse effects such as allergies, gastrointestinal disorders, and intoxications. This study aimed to analyze the impacts of inappropriate antibiotic use and to highlight the pharmacist’s role in promoting the rational use of medicines. The methodology consisted of a bibliographic review of publications from 2020 to 2024, retrieved from databases such as Google Scholar, SciELO, PubMed, and BDTD. The results demonstrate that pharmacists play a key role in patient counseling, prescription assessment, dispensing control, identification of drug interactions, and participation in hospital infection control committees. Additionally, the study addresses ozone therapy as a complementary practice, emphasizing its historical background, therapeutic applications, benefits, risks, and the professional regulation established by the Federal Council of Pharmacy. It is concluded that the pharmacist’s role, both in ensuring the rational use of antibiotics and in the safe application of ozone therapy, is fundamental for patient safety and treatment effectiveness.
Endodontic Management of Root Perforation in a Lower Left Second Molar: Case Report
Root canal perforation is characterized by accidental or pathological communication between the canal system and periradicular tissues. It can occur during endodontic treatment or because of caries, resorption, trauma, or iatrogenic failure. It is a complication that can compromise the supporting periodontium and the tooth's prognosis. Treatment success is directly related to early diagnosis, contamination control, and the use of biocompatible materials, such as mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), which promote tissue repair. This study reports the endodontic management of a root perforation in a mandibular left second molar, highlighting the clinical approach and the results obtained. An adult patient presented with spontaneous pain and discomfort upon chewing. Clinical examination revealed sensitivity to vertical percussion, without tooth mobility. Periapical radiography revealed a radiolucent image in the furcation region, suggestive of perforation. After anesthesia and absolute isolation, chemical-mechanical preparation was performed with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite and 17% EDTA. The perforation area was appropriately curetted and sealed with MTA, due to its sealing properties and biocompatibility. The canals were filled using a thermoplastic technique with gutta-percha and bioceramic cement. The tooth was initially restored with a provisional composite resin and subsequently with a definitive indirect restoration. A 6-month follow-up revealed no signs or symptoms, along with regression of the radiolucent image, demonstrating a satisfactory clinical outcome. It is concluded that, although root perforation has a poor prognosis, appropriate management, combined with the use of materials with biological repair potential, can preserve the function and integrity of the tooth. MTA proved effective in sealing the perforation and promoting periradicular repair.
HEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN THE IDENTIFICATION AND CLASSIFICATION OF ANEMIAS
Hemoglobin is a fundamental protein for life, responsible for carrying oxygen from the lungs to the tissues. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines anemia as the condition in which hemoglobin levels are below normal, often caused by a lack of nutrients such as iron, zinc, vitamin B12, and proteins. When hemoglobin decreases, the body attempts to adapt by redirecting blood to vital organs and increasing cardiac output. However, these mechanisms are not always sufficient, especially in more vulnerable individuals. The most common symptoms of iron-deficiency anemia are apathy, fatigue, weakness, and pallor of the skin and mucous membranes, which may worsen over time and further compromise energy and well-being. In general, anemias can be classified according to the duration (acute or chronic), the main cause (reduced red blood cell production, increased destruction, or blood loss), and also by hematimetric indices from the complete blood count (normocytic/normochromic, macrocytic, or microcytic/hypochromic). These parameters help health professionals investigate, diagnose, and monitor the patient’s clinical progress. The analysis of hematological indicators obtained from blood tests aims to identify, differentiate, and monitor the progression of different types of anemia and other hematological diseases. This summary encompasses selected studies analyzed to understand the diagnosis, classification, and monitoring of anemias. It is a literature review based on data collected from databases such as Google Scholar, covering publications from the last five years. The review indicates that the laboratory diagnosis of anemia begins with the interpretation of parameters provided by the complete blood count, especially those related to the red blood cell series (erythrogram). Among the main indices evaluated are hemoglobin concentration (Hb), the percentage of red blood cells relative to total blood volume (hematocrit or Ht), the total red blood cell count (RBC), and reticulocyte count. Erythrocyte analysis through the complete blood count provides essential information on hematimetric indices, allowing assessment of the patient’s hematological status. These parameters also include the mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and red cell distribution width (RDW), as well as morphological evaluation of red blood cells. From this perspective, the complete blood count is the main blood analysis tool, essential for the differentiation, diagnosis, and monitoring of anemic conditions. It allows tracking the progress of treatment, whether pharmacological or not, and is also crucial for early diagnosis and monitoring of diseases such as infections and leukemias, as well as for routine evaluations, preoperative assessments, and monitoring of various health treatments.
CARDIOPULMONARY DEATHS IN BRASIL AND IN THE VALE DO SÃO PATRÍCIO
Cardiopulmonary diseases remain one of the leading causes of mortality in Brazil, significantly affecting the population’s quality of life and overburdening public health services. In the regional context, the analysis of these causes of death allows for a deeper understanding of local impacts and the need for preventive strategies. The objective was to analyze deaths caused by cardiopulmonary diseases in Brazil and in the municipalities of Nova Glória and Itapaci in the years 2023 and 2024, during the same period. This is a descriptive study based on secondary data provided by official health records in Brazil, as well as those of the municipalities of Nova Glória and Itapaci. Deaths occurring in 2023 and 2024 were considered. In Brazil, there is an estimate of 200,000 cardiopulmonary arrests annually, with 100,000 occurring in out-of-hospital settings and 100,000 in hospital environments. Statistical data show that smoking is responsible for 37,686 deaths related to COPD. In the municipality of Nova Glória, deaths from cardiopulmonary diseases increased from 18 in 2023 to 25 in 2024, representing a significant rise that may indicate worsening health conditions in the local population. In the municipality of Itapaci, a total of 239 deaths from cardiopulmonary diseases were recorded between 2023 and 2024, demonstrating the relevance of the problem in the region. These data reinforce the need for public policies aimed at prevention and early treatment of these conditions. The data analyzed in Brazil show a high number of deaths from cardiopulmonary diseases, as well as in the municipalities of Nova Glória and Itapaci. Such information highlights the importance of strategic health actions focused on prevention, early diagnosis, and continuous care for at-risk patients, in order to reduce mortality from these conditions in the region.
STANDARDS OPERATING PROCEDURES (SOPS) AS A STRUCTURAL PILLAR OF CARE QUALITY, PATIENT SAFETY, AND ETHICAL TRAINING
Patient safety and quality of healthcare depend largely on the standardization of clinical practices and the systematization of professional conduct. In this context, Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) emerge as essential tools for standardizing work processes in healthcare and teaching units, ensuring the safe, effective, and uniform execution of healthcare activities. This study consists of a qualitative documentary analysis, focused on the critical synthesis of national and international scientific articles that address the development, implementation, and impact of SOPs in various care settings, with an emphasis on teaching clinics and primary and specialized care units. The objective was to demonstrate, based on the literature, that SOPs are indispensable strategies for patient safety, service efficiency, and the technical and ethical training of health professionals. The methodology involved the systematic reading of studies and their categorization according to thematic adherence, main results, and conclusions. The data revealed that the adoption of SOPs promotes significant improvements in the organization of care processes. In addition, there is a reduction in technical variability, strengthening of autonomy, increased patient safety, and promotion of multidisciplinary team engagement. Furthermore, benefits were highlighted in time management, infection control, implementation of evidence-based practices, and improvement in the quality of practical teaching in academic settings. However, it was observed that the effectiveness of SOPs is directly associated with factors such as institutional support, ongoing training, a favorable organizational culture, and clear communication of protocols. Barriers such as resistance to change, technical ignorance, and lack of infrastructure were also identified as recurring challenges. It can be concluded that Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) transcend the simple formalization of routines, constituting structural pillars of safe and qualified care. Their implementation should be seen as a strategic action in management, health education, and clinical governance, especially in educational contexts such as university clinics. The integration of theory and practice, promoted by the presence of SOPs in health services, represents an effective pedagogical tool for consolidating clinical and ethical skills, reducing risks, and ensuring patient-centered care. Therefore, investing resources in the development, implementation, and periodic monitoring of SOPs is essential for improving health systems and affirming professional practices in accordance with current technical, scientific, and humanitarian guidelines.
REMOVAL OF INFLAMMATORY FIBROUS HYPERPLASIA: EXPERIENCE IN A TEACHING CLINIC INTEGRATED WITH SUS
Inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia is a reactive oral lesion of the fibrous connective tissue, common in complete denture users and frequently observed in primary health care services. This case report describes the treatment of a patient with inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia, from surgery to rehabilitation, after referral from the Primary Health Care Unit to the School of Dentistry’s teaching clinic at Unievangélica. The patient, a 40-year-old female smoker, was diagnosed with hyperplasia located in the upper vestibular sulcus, presenting firm consistency, color similar to the adjacent mucosa, well-defined borders, and symptoms. The lesion was associated with prolonged use of an ill-fitting maxillary complete denture. After clinical evaluation and treatment planning, the lesion was removed with a high-power laser under local anesthesia, and the material was sent for histopathological analysis. Subsequently, the denture was relined with surgical cement and repositioned, allowing immediate rehabilitation. Thus, laser removal proved to be effective and minimally invasive, promoting good healing and postoperative comfort. Immediate rehabilitation contributed to both aesthetics and functionality during the tissue repair process. In conclusion, this case reinforces the importance of the Unified Health System (SUS) and the integration between primary health care and teaching clinics in providing specialized, accessible, and effective treatments. The patient remains under clinical follow-up to ensure prosthetic adaptation and treatment success.
EFFECTS OF PULMONARY REHABILITATION ON SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATION IN INDIVIDUALS WITH SEVERE ASTHMA
Introduction: Severe asthma is characterized by persistent inflammation, airway remodeling, and lung function limitation, with symptoms persisting despite pharmacological treatment. Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR), especially aerobic exercise, not only improves functional capacity and reduces dyspnea but also modulates systemic inflammation, including cytokines and other proteins, making it a promising complementary approach. Objectives: To evaluate the effects of PR on systemic levels of cytokines and anti-fibrotic proteins in individuals with severe asthma. Methods: The study included 21 patients with severe asthma, diagnosed according to GINA criteria and evaluated by a pulmonologist. Inclusion criteria considered the absence of comorbidities, ongoing pharmacological treatment for ≥6 months, and age between 20–60 years. Venous blood was collected for hematological analysis and quantification of pro-inflammatory mediators (IL-1beta, IL-5, IL-6, IL-13), anti-inflammatory mediators (IL-1ra, IL-10), pro-fibrotic proteins (VEGF, TSLP), and anti-fibrotic proteins (relaxin-3, klotho) using ELISA. Data were analyzed using GraphPad Prism 5.0, with normality assessed by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and paired and independent Student’s t-tests, considering p<0.05 as statistically significant.Results: PR significantly reduced the number of neutrophils (p=0.0114), lymphocytes (p=0.0319), and eosinophils (p=0.0154). No changes were observed in the number of monocytes (p=0.3996) and basophils (p=0.2666). Regarding pro-inflammatory cytokines, PR significantly reduced plasma levels of IL-1beta (p=0.0447), IL-5 (p=0.0234), IL-6 (p=0.005), and IL-13 (p=0.0370). Concerning anti-inflammatory proteins, PR significantly increased plasma levels of IL-1ra (p=0.0485), IL-10 (p=0.0080), and klotho (p=0.0023), as well as the anti-fibrotic proteins relaxin-1 (p=0.0027) and relaxin-3 (p=0.0040). PR also reduced plasma levels of the pro-fibrotic proteins TSLP (p=0.008) and VEGF (p=0.001).Conclusion: Pulmonary rehabilitation significantly reduces systemic inflammation in individuals with severe asthma by modulating pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators and pro- and anti-fibrotic proteins, suggesting an important role in controlling the progression of severe asthma.
MICROVESSELS, MAJOR DISCOVERIES: EXPLORING VASCULAR DISEASES ON CHIPS
Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases remain leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and understanding their mechanisms is still restricted by animal models and traditional cell cultures, which fail to reproduce the human microenvironment. In this context, organ-on-chip devices and microfluidic platforms have emerged as innovative systems capable of integrating molecular, cellular, and hemodynamic variables into biomimetic models. These devices require small amounts of blood, are cost-effective, reproducible, and allow the creation of microvasculatures resembling human anatomy, including bifurcations and plaques, enabling real-time analysis with imaging. Customization with genetically modified cells, along with control of variables such as platelets, coagulation proteins, and leukocytes, reinforces their relevance for translational medicine. Objective: This study aims to demonstrate the potential of microfluidic platforms to model the pathophysiology of human vascular diseases, reproducing microvasculature, hemodynamic forces, and cellular interactions, with the goal of improving understanding of vascular dysfunction and supporting new therapeutic strategies. Methodology: This is a narrative literature review using PubMed and Scielo, analyzing articles published in the last five years. The selection emphasized studies on microvessel construction techniques and their application as innovative approaches to clarify the dynamics of vascular diseases and enable the development of effective, non-invasive treatments. Results: Emerging technologies, such as three-dimensional vessel-on-chip models derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), reproduce vascular anatomy in stable networks with perfusion and allow investigation of disease mechanisms. Specific models, including “atherosclerosis-on-a-chip” and “thrombosis-on-a-chip,” support studies on endothelial dysfunction, plaque instability, thrombus dynamics, stenosis geometries, and thrombogenic factors. Controlling parameters such as shear stress, matrix stiffness, and inflammatory cytokines simulates different disease stages. Integrating microfluidic platforms thus represents a tool for exploring vascular pathogenesis through signaling pathways, remodeling, and regression, while supporting drug testing. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is widely used due to transparency, biocompatibility, and oxygen permeability. Constructing the extracellular matrix (ECM) is crucial, achievable with natural hydrogels, which mimic human ECM, or synthetic ones, which allow more control. Fabrication usually involves soft lithography to mold PDMS, while three-dimensional bioprinting enables deposition of bioinks into complex scaffolds. Combining natural and synthetic polymers ensures stability and biochemical fidelity. To reproduce vascular homeostasis—including stretching and shear stress—devices with two channels separated by a PDMS membrane deform under vacuum, mimicking smooth muscle stretching. Other systems apply continuous flow over elastic membranes with peristaltic pumps to combine shear and deformation in endothelial cells. Incorporation of nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes, graphene oxide, and gold nanorods improves printability, conductivity, and stability, generating accurate constructs. Advanced bioprinting strategies, including in situ curing, support bath methods, and ion- or temperature-mediated crosslinking, further enhance fidelity. Conclusion: Microfluidic platforms have advanced the study of vascular dysfunction by reproducing features such as rigidity, endothelial permeability, and microvascular obstruction, all present in progressive circulatory disorders.The ability of these devices to reproduce complex hemodynamic and anatomical conditions in real time enhances understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms in vascular disease, consolidating their role as promising tools for innovative and targeted therapeutic strategies.
THALIDOMIDE: A LANDMARK IN TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOVIGILANCE
Thalidomide, launched in the 1950s as a sedative and anti-emetic for pregnant women, became a milestone in clinicaltoxicology when it was associated with thousands of cases ofcongenital malformations. This episode highlighted the risksof the lack of adequate testing and strict regulation. The aim ofthis presentation is to show the impact of thalidomide ontoxicology and pharmacovigilance, highlighting how it contributed to strengthening drug safety standards. Based on a bibliographical review of articles and historical documents, data was gathered on its adverse effects, global repercussionsand changes in control mechanisms. The results indicate thatthe case led to stricter monitoring of medicines, especially in pregnant women. This incident led to the creation of stricterguidelines and the strengthening of regulatory agencies, whichnow have greater authority in assessing the safety and efficacyof drugs. Today, thalidomide is still used on a restricted basisto treat leprosy and multiple myeloma, under strict control. In conclusion, the history of thalidomide has consolidatedpharmacovigilance practices and reinforced ethics in clinicalresearch, becoming a watershed for public health.
ENHANCING LEFT DORSOLATERAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX ACTIVITY THROUGH TDCS COMBINED WITH NEUROFUNCTIONAL TRAINING IN CHILDREN WITH ASD: A RANDOMIZED, DOUBLE-BLIND, CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL
Introduction: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) frequently involves motor impairments that affect mobility and balance. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) may potentiate gains from motor training. Objective: To compare the effects of 10 sessions of neurofunctional training combined with active anodal tDCS over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (lDLPFC) versus sham tDCS on functional mobility, spatiotemporal gait parameters, and functional balance in children with ASD. Methods: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial including 24 children. The intervention comprised two weeks of neurofunctional training (treadmill walking plus a postural-control circuit) combined with active lDLPFC tDCS (1 mA) or sham. Participants were assessed pre-intervention, post-intervention, and at follow-up using the Timed Up and Go (TUG), the 10-Meter Walk Test (10MWT), and the Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS). Results: On the TUG, a follow-up effect was observed, with shorter execution time in the active tDCS group versus control (mean difference [MD] = −4.023 s; 95% CI: −6.753 to −1.292 s; p=0.002; d=1.5). On the PBS, the active tDCS group showed higher scores post-intervention (MD=6.417; 95% CI: −0.4385 to 13.27; p=0.049; d=1.0) and at follow-up (MD=7.417; 95% CI: 0.9484 to 13.88; p=0.023; d=1.2). Spatiotemporal gait parameters did not differ between groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: Anodal tDCS over the lDLPFC combined with neurofunctional training is safe and yields clinically meaningful improvements in balance and functional mobility—with 30-day retention—in children with ASD, without detectable effects on spatiotemporal gait variables under the tested conditions.
Evaluation of Prescription and Dispensing of Medicines:
Introduction: The rational use of medicines is directly related to the quality of prescription and dispensing practices. Inadequate prescriptions and failures in dispensing processes may compromise patient safety, therapeutic effectiveness, and health system sustainability. Objective: To review the literature on evaluation methods and outcomes related to prescription and dispensing of medicines in healthcare services. Methods: This is an integrative literature review using the PICO strategy. Studies published in the last five years, with a cross-sectional or descriptive design, in English or Portuguese, were included. Searches were conducted in PubMed, SciELO, and Google Scholar using the descriptors: Prescription AND Dispensing AND Medicines AND Evaluation. Results: From 42 studies identified, 7 met the inclusion criteria. The main problems reported were polypharmacy, incomplete or inappropriate prescriptions, lack of patient counseling, and failures in pharmacovigilance records. Conversely, interventions such as clinical pharmacy services, electronic prescribing systems, and continuing education for professionals demonstrated positive impacts on safety and rational medicine use. Conclusion: Evaluating prescription and dispensing practices is essential for improving patient safety, optimizing resources, and strengthening rational medicine use policies.
Physical Examination in Aesthetics: The Importance of Structured Skin Assessment for Safe and Effective Clinical Practice
Skin assessment is a fundamental step in the physical examination in aesthetics, providing crucial data for therapeutic planning. The objective of this study was to highlight the importance of structured skin assessment for ensuring the safety and effectiveness of aesthetic treatments, allowing the identification of alterations that may impact clinical outcomes. A narrative literature review was carried out using national and international scientific sources, with searches conducted in databases such as SciELO, LILACS, and PubMed between 2023 and 2025. The research focused on inspection and palpation methods, in addition to non-invasive technologies for detailed evaluation. The results indicated that structured skin assessment, through manual methods and technology, enables the identification of biophysical parameters such as hydration, elasticity, and texture, as well as dyschromias and other inflammatory processes. Collecting these data supports the development of individualized therapeutic plans, prevents risks, and qualifies aesthetic planning, ensuring a personalized and safe approach. In conclusion, skin assessment is an indispensable stage of the physical examination in aesthetics, and its systematic and detailed performance ensures both the safety and efficacy of procedures. Furthermore, it strengthens ethical and evidence-based professional practice, positively impacting patient satisfaction and health. The differences observed among age groups demonstrate the importance of documenting specific care and treatments tailored to each age range.
CURRICULAR EXTENSION IN PSYCHOLOGY: CHALLENGES AND EXPERIENCES IN ARTICULATION WITH THE CLASSROOM
This experience report discusses the challenges and strategies developed by the Psychology program at UniEvangélica in implementing curricular extension, as established by Resolution CNE/CES nº 07/2018. The main challenge identified has been the creation of extension activities that simultaneously generate positive impacts on the community and enhance student learning, while being adapted to the concrete reality of courses and classrooms. To this end, actions have been proposed that integrate theory and practice, with emphasis on themes such as mental health, public health promotion, social inclusion, and well-being. These experiences have enabled students to develop professional and civic competencies, in addition to broadening their understanding of the social role of Psychology. For the community, the activities have provided spaces for support, listening, and intervention, generating concrete benefits in participants’ daily lives. It was also observed that integrating extension into courses strengthens the bond between university and society, allowing the educational process to become more dynamic, participatory, and connected to local demands. The conclusion is that, although challenges remain, curricular extension has been consolidated as a highly relevant formative space, contributing both to the integral training of psychologists and to meaningful social transformations.
EFFECTS OF PHYSICAL TRAINING ON IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF PATIENTS WITH CYSTIC FIBROSIS: AN INTEGRATIVE REVIEW
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a chronic, autosomal, multisystem disease that reduces life expectancy and has a high mortality rate in children. Physical exercise specifically improves the digestive and respiratory systems, thus contributing to a better quality of life (QoL) in CF patients. The objective of this study was to determine whether aerobic or resistance exercise improves the QoL of CF patients. This is an integrative review based on randomized controlled clinical trials. The search was conducted between January and February 2025 in the PubMed, BVS, and SciELO databases, including articles from the last 10 years, in English, that evaluated the QoL of CF patients. Of the 29 studies found, 4 met the inclusion criteria. The descriptors used were Cystic fibrosis OR Mucoviscidosis AND Exercise AND Quality of life. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro). The results showed that two of the four trials reported QOL benefits from aerobic and resistance exercise. We conclude that regular, supervised exercise contributes to better QOL in CF patients, and it is essential that healthcare professionals be prepared to provide appropriate guidance to these individuals.
BERBERINE AS AN ADJUVANT IN THE MANAGEMENT OF METABOLIC DISORDERS AND CARDIOVASCULAR RISK IN ADULTS
INTRODUCTION: Dyslipidemia, defined as abnormal levels of circulating lipids, is a major contributor to the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), the leading cause of death globally. It may result from genetic predisposition or secondary causes such as poor dietary habits, sedentary lifestyle, and insulin resistance. Closely associated with atherosclerosis, dyslipidemia significantly increases the risk of myocardial infarction, stroke, and other cardiovascular events—particularly in individuals with metabolic dysfunction. Although early intervention through lifestyle modification is the first-line strategy for prevention and control, long-term adherence is often challenging. In this context, natural compounds such as berberine, a plant-derived isoquinoline alkaloid, have gained increasing attention due to their potential lipid-lowering, glucose-modulating, and insulin-sensitizing properties. However, clinical evidence remains limited and heterogeneous. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effects of berberine in the management of metabolic disorders and its impact on early cardiovascular risk markers in adult populations. METHODS: An integrative literature review was conducted using the PubMed, LILACS, and MEDLINE databases. The search included studies published between 2018 and 2025 in English, Portuguese, or Spanish. Inclusion criteria comprised original clinical studies that evaluated the effects of berberine on cardiovascular risk factors in adults. Exclusion criteria included review articles, letters, dissertations, theses, and studies that did not respond directly to the research question. The descriptors used were “Berberine,” “Cholesterol,” and “Heart Disease Risk Factors” (DeCS/MeSH). After applying the eligibility criteria, five original studies were selected for final inclusion and analysis. RESULTS: The selected studies demonstrated a consistent association between berberine use and improvement in lipid profiles, with a mean reduction in total cholesterol of approximately 11% and LDL cholesterol of around 20%. No significant effect was observed on HDL cholesterol levels. Additionally, in studies involving nutraceutical formulations containing berberine, a notable increase in coronary flow reserve (CFR) was observed, an early marker of endothelial and coronary microvascular function. This suggests a dual benefit: lipid-lowering effects and improved vascular reactivity, both of which contribute to reduced cardiovascular risk. CONCLUSION: Berberine shows promise as an adjuvant therapy for managing metabolic disorders and mitigating cardiovascular risk in adults. It may offer a valuable alternative or complement for individuals with mild to moderate dyslipidemia, statin intolerance, or metabolic syndrome. Nevertheless, while short-term clinical trials report favorable outcomes, important knowledge gaps remain. These include the lack of long-term studies, standardized dosing, safety data over extended periods, and comparative trials versus conventional pharmacotherapies. Further high-quality research is necessary to establish berberine’s role in evidence-based cardiovascular prevention.
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL PROFILE OF VENOUS THROMBOSIS IN ANÁPOLIS-GO: ANALYSIS OF DATASUS DATA (2010-2024)
INTRODUCTION: Venous thrombosis is a serious condition associated with pulmonary embolism (PE) and post-thrombotic syndrome, requiring timely diagnosis and management. It affects approximately 2 per 1,000 individuals annually, with a recurrence rate of up to 25%. Between 2012 and 2022, over 425,000 Brazilians were hospitalized for venous thrombosis. In Brazil, DATASUS data guide clinical decisions and public health policy. OBJECTIVES: This study characterizes the epidemiological profile of venous thrombosis in Anápolis-GO (2010-2014) using DATASUS data, providing evidence for public health policy and clinical management. METHODS: This observational study analyzed secondary data from DATASUS, focusing on SIH/SUS (hospitalizations) and SIM (mortality). Since venous thrombosis is not a compulsory notifiable disease in Brazil, SINAN was not a primary source for DVT, except for local reporting. Variables analyzed included year, sex, age group, education level and outcome (discharge /death). Data were extracted via TabNet, and descriptive analyses were performed (frequencies and proportions). As the study used public, anonymized data, it complies with the Brazilian National Health Council Resolution CNS nº 510/2016. RESULTS: A rising temporal trend in notification is anticipated, with higher incidence among adults, predominantly women. Hospitalization for VT in SUS are substantial, underscoring the urgent need for early diagnosis, structured care pathways, and prompt clinical intervention in high-risk groups. CONCLUSION: The findings align with current guidelines. Training of healthcare professionals, and integration of vascular care pathways are recommended. Local epidemiological characterization of vein thrombosis using DATASUS data can inform prevention, early diagnosis and clinical management, improving patient safety and healthcare system efficiency.
IMPORTANCE OF ANATOMICAL KNOWLEDGE WITH EMPHASIS ON THE SKELETAL SYSTEM IN IMAGING PRACTICE
Anatomical knowledge is fundamental to biomedical practice, especially in the field of imaging, also known as diagnostic imaging, where the correct interpretation of images depends on detailed knowledge of bodily structures. The skeletal system, because it is widely visualized in radiological examinations, becomes an essential focus in the technical and scientific training of professionals. The objective of this study was to analyze the relevance of anatomical knowledge, with an emphasis on the skeletal system, for the work of biomedical professionals in the field of imaging, considering legislation and the job market. This is a narrative review of the literature. The search was conducted in the SciELO, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases, using the descriptors “Human Anatomy,” “Skeletal System,” “Biomedicine,” and “Imaging,” combined by the Boolean operators AND and OR. Articles published between 2015 and 2025, in Portuguese or English, with free access and directly addressing biomedical practice or anatomical application in imaging were included. Duplicate works, those unrelated to the topic, or those focusing exclusively on other professions were excluded. The studies analyzed highlighted that anatomical knowledge is indispensable for qualified practice in Imaging, allowing the assessment of fractures, deformities, and malformations. Resolution No. 78/2002 of the Federal Council of Biomedicine (CFBM) regulates this practice and reinforces the need for technical training based on specialization with practical hours. The job market for biomedical professionals in this area has grown, requiring solid training and anatomical mastery. It is concluded that mastery of the skeletal system enhances the technical quality and insertion of biomedical professionals in Imaging.
CONSUMPTION OF ULTRA-PROCESSED AND FRESH FOODS AMONG FEDERAL PUBLIC EDUCATION WORKERS: IMPLICATIONS FOR HEALTH PROMOTION
Introduction: The regular consumption of ultra-processed foods has increased and has been linked to negative health outcomes. Conversely, the regular intake of fresh or minimally processed foods has declined. Understanding these dietary patterns is essential for guiding health promotion efforts. Objective: To examine the association between the regular consumption of sweets and healthy foods among employees of the Federal Network for Professional, Scientific, and Technological Education (RFEPCT). Method: This cross-sectional epidemiological study employed a quantitative approach and was carried out in November 2022 after receiving approval from the Research Ethics Committee (protocol number 5,270,596). The sample consisted of 1,563 RFEPCT professionals, including teachers and TAE. Sociodemographic variables and the PeNSE questionnaire were analyzed. Consumption of sweets or healthy foods on ≥5 days per week was considered regular (CR), while consumption on ≤4 days per week was considered irregular (CI). The effect measure used was the prevalence ratio (PR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: The PR for sweets was positively associated with being female (p < 0.001), living in the south (p < 0.001), the southeast (p < 0.001), and the midwest (p = 0.003), and holding a teaching position (p = 0.001). It was negatively associated with older age groups: 48 to 60 years (p < 0.001) and 61 to 72 years (p < 0.008). A positive association was also observed with CI for fresh fruit and vegetables (p = 0.010). Conclusion: The associations found suggest that sociodemographic and healthy eating factors influence the consumption of UPF as sweets among RFEPCT employees. These findings highlight the need for interventions that promote healthy eating practices in institutional work environments.
Improvements of Quality Criteria for Passiflorae herba in the European Pharmacopoeia: Comparison between the 10.0 and 11.0 Edition
This study compares the monographs of Passiflorae herba in the 10.0th and 11.0th editions of the European Pharmacopoeia, identifying relevant changes for the standardization and quality control of the herbal drug. To carry out the comparison, the definition, identification specifications, tests, and quantification methods described in both editions were analyzed documentally. In the results, Ph. Eur. 10.0 describes only the dried aerial parts of Passiflorae herba, with a minimum content of 1.5% total flavonoids, expressed as vitexin, while Ph. Eur. 11.0 specifies two distinct chemotypes — swertisin or isovitexin — or their mixture, with a minimum content of 1.0% total flavonoids, expressed as isovitexin; the identification section presents a more detailed microscopic characterization of plant structures — leaves, stems, flowers, and fruits — and replaces conventional thin-layer chromatography with high-performance thin-layer chromatography, which employs homoorientin, isovitexin, and orientin as new markers; the limits for total ash and loss on drying remain unchanged; and the assay changes from spectrophotometry at 401 nm to High-Performance Liquid Chromatography, which uses isovitexin CRS as the reference standard, establishes system suitability criteria, and defines a reporting threshold, thereby increasing reproducibility and selectivity. In conclusion, the European Pharmacopoeia 11.0 introduces modifications that represent advances with a direct impact on the quality and reliability of analyses. It adopts High-Performance Liquid Chromatography instead of spectrophotometry, which increases selectivity and reduces interference, making the assay more robust. It also incorporates multiple flavonoid markers, which provide greater accuracy in the identification of the herbal drug and in chemotype differentiation. Furthermore, it promotes the international harmonization of methodologies, supporting the standardization of phytotherapy and strengthening regulatory assurance and reproducibility across laboratories.
ARTRITE REUMATRHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS: CLINICAL OVERVIEW AND IMPACTS ON QUALITY OF LIFE DAOIDE: VISÃO GERAL CLÍNICA E IMPACTOS NA QUALIDADE DE VIDA
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic, autoimmune inflammatory disease that mainly affects the synovial joints and can cause deformities and functional loss. It mainly affects women of childbearing age and has a significant physical and psychosocial impact. This study aims to present an overview of rheumatoid arthritis, covering its pathophysiology, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and consequences for patients' quality of life. A bibliographic search was conducted based on scientific articles and updated academic materials obtained from the PubMed and SciELO databases, addressing the main clinical and therapeutic aspects of RA. Recent published studies addressing the clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic aspects of the disease were selected. The results showed that RA has a multifactorial etiology, involving genetic predisposition, hormonal, and environmental factors. Symptoms include pain, morning stiffness, joint edema, and systemic manifestations. The diagnosis is based on clinical laboratory criteria such as rheumatoid factor, anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies, C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and imaging tests. Treatment aims to control inflammation and pain using anti-inflammatory drugs, corticosteroids, disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), and biological agents, in addition to physical therapy and multidisciplinary follow-up. The disease significantly affects quality of life, requiring ongoing support for emotional and functional management. Although incurable, RA can be controlled with proper treatment and early diagnosis, preventing deformities and promoting well-being. The approach should be individualized and integrated, involving multiple health professionals to ensure improved functionality and comfort for patients.
ABCDE PROTOCOL: IMPORTANCE OF THE SYSTEMATIC APPROACH AND INITIAL DIAGNOSTIC SUPPORT
INTRODUCTION: The ABCDE approach (Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Disability, Exposure) is recommended in emergency situations for the initial stabilization of critically ill patients. Its correct application, combined with complementary tests, enables early diagnosis, rapid intervention, and reduced mortality. However, studies show low practical adherence, highlighting a gap between theory and clinical application. OBJECTIVE: To assess the level of knowledge, adherence, and factors influencing the application of the protocol, as well as its integration with complementary exams. METHODOLOGY: This is a descriptive study. The research was conducted using electronic databases—PubMed, Scielo, ScienceDirect, and BMC Journals—employing the descriptors “ABCDE approach,” “initial assessment,” and “emergency care.” Original studies of the observational, cross-sectional, and simulated clinical trial types, published between 2017 and 2025, were included. Extracted data comprised: study type, evaluated sample, context, adherence rate to the protocol, main findings, and factors impacting practical application. RESULTS: Practical adherence to the protocol proved limited. In the clinical trial with 72 neonatal professionals, only 31.5% correctly followed the ABCDE sequence, with better performance in the video-trained group (38.8% vs. 27.8%)¹. Regarding application in unstable patients, adherence occurred in only 33% of cases². Concerning theoretical knowledge, studies with 240 professionals showed an average accuracy rate of 80.1%³, whereas among interns and residents it was 59.1%⁴. Barriers such as lack of formal training, absence of institutional protocols, and limited technical knowledge compromised proper execution. Laboratory tests (blood gas analysis, complete blood count) and imaging (FAST, chest X-ray) proved essential in stages B, C, and E⁵. CONCLUSION: Despite the proven effectiveness of the ABCDE protocol, its practical application remains unsatisfactory, requiring reinforcement in education, the use of clinical simulations, educational videos, and institutional support. The early integration of complementary tests is crucial for rapid and effective decision-making in emergency settings.
BEYOND SYMPTOMS: BIOLOGICAL AND SOCIOCULTURAL DETERMINANTS OF THE CLIMACTERIC EXPERIENCE
Introduction: The climacteric is a transitional stage in women’s lives, characterized by biological, psychological, and sociocultural changes that extend beyond reproduction and demand comprehensive health care. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the challenges faced by women during the climacteric and to identify strategies for care practices suited to this period. Methods: An exploratory cross-sectional qualitative study was conducted with 30 cisgender women aged 40 to 55 years, in the climacteric period and not pregnant at the time of data collection. Women outside this age range or who had undergone oophorectomy before age 40 were excluded. Semi-structured interviews were conducted individually in private settings, recorded with consent, ensuring confidentiality and anonymity. All participants signed an Informed Consent Form, and the study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Evangelical University of Goiás (opinion no. 7.368.664), following Resolution 466/2012 of the National Health Council. Results: Three thematic categories emerged: (1) Lack of knowledge and guidance, as most participants were unaware of the transformations of this stage; (2) Psychosocial impacts, including feelings of isolation, helplessness, and reduced self-esteem; and (3) Cultural stigmas and invisibility, where taboos around aging reinforced women’s vulnerability and marginalization in care practices. These findings indicate that the climacteric experience is strongly shaped by sociocultural determinants in addition to biological changes. Conclusion: The study highlights the need to move beyond medicalizing and curative models of care, promoting humanized and integrative practices. Nurses, particularly in primary care, play a central role in legitimizing women’s voices, supporting autonomy, and implementing long-term strategies that transform the climacteric into a stage of empowerment rather than invisibility.
THE IMPACT OF ACADEMIC TUTORING EXPERIENCE ON TEACHING CAREER IN MEDICAL SCHOOL
Academic tutoring is a fundamental pillar of higher education, providing pedagogical support and developing essential skills for a teaching career. However, there is a lack of in-depth research on its role as an initiation into teaching, and a perception of low interest in the teaching profession during undergraduate studies. This study aimed to analyze the impact of academic tutoring on professional development, exploring its contribution to awakening and consolidating interest in university-level teaching. The methodology used was a systematic literature review, following PRISMA guidelines, with searches in databases using clear inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results show that tutoring is a privileged space for developing teaching skills through giving classes, exposure to active learning methodologies, and the opportunity to improve communication and develop the autonomy and decision-making capacity that are crucial for teaching. This experience also deepens the tutors' knowledge, solidifying their learning and enriching their resumes. Furthermore, it contributes pedagogically through direct peer-to-peer support, creating a rich learning environment for all students. Despite the benefits, there are significant challenges, such as the scarcity of research, the perception of low interest in teaching during undergraduate studies, the mistaken view of tutoring as an administrative task, a lack of clear regulation, and the unequal distribution of scholarships. The study concludes that academic tutoring contributes significantly to professional development, especially for a teaching career, by improving unique skills. It is an indispensable activity, but the existing obstacles must be highlighted, discussed, and overcome to properly value the work of academic tutors.
THE IMPORTANCE OF CONSCIOUS USE OF ANTIBIOTICS
The discovery of penicillin transformed medicine by enablingthe effective treatment of serious infections. Over time, several classes of antibiotics emerged, each with specificmechanisms of action, such as beta-lactams, which attack thebacterial cell wall, and aminoglycosides, which interfere withthe production of essential proteins, each with specificmechanisms to combat bacteria. However, the excessive use of these drugs has led to increased bacterial resistance whenmicroorganisms become able to survive antibiotics. Thisphenomenon now poses a serious threat to public health, requiring greater awareness of the rational use of these drugs. The study aimed to emphasize the importance of the conscioususe of antibiotics, pointing out the risks of incorrect use andsuggesting strategies that promote responsible practicesamong both health professionals and the general population. A literature review was conducted in the SciELO, LILACS, andGoogle Scholar databases, including articles publishedbetween 2020 and 2024 that addressed bacterial resistance, rational use of antibiotics, and educational actions. The textswere analyzed qualitatively to identify relevant patterns andrecommendations. The analysis showed that practices such as self-medication, inappropriate treatment interruption, andunnecessary prescription are determining factors for bacterialresistance. In addition, the absence of pharmaceuticalmonitoring and the lack of adequate information compromisetherapeutic efficacy and increase health risks. It was observed that educational campaigns, professional training, and antimicrobial stewardship programs have shownpositive results in reducing the inappropriate use of antibioticsand controlling microbial resistance. It is concluded thatantimicrobial resistance is directly related to the inappropriateuse of antibiotics and represents a threat to global publichealth. The implementation of educational measures, prescription protocols, and pharmaceutical monitoring isessential to contain this problem, ensuring the effectiveness ofthese drugs for future generations.
Ana Júlia Andrade Batista Andrade Batista Filha
EFFECTS OF PROCESSED FOOD CONSUMPTION ON LEPTIN, GHRELIN, AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF OBESITY
The industrialization of food production profoundly transformed dietary habits, increasing the consumption of ultra-processed products characterized by high palatability, convenience, and low nutritional value. These products, often rich in sugars, fats, and sodium, have been consistently associated with negative metabolic consequences, including alterations in appetite-regulating hormones. Among them, leptin and ghrelin are central to energy homeostasis and weight regulation. Ghrelin, secreted primarily by the stomach, stimulates appetite and promotes feeding behavior during fasting, while leptin, produced mainly by adipocytes, signals satiety to the central nervous system and regulates energy expenditure. This integrative mini-review aimed to analyze the relationship between ultra-processed food consumption and hormonal imbalance involving leptin and ghrelin. A literature search was conducted in September 2025 using PubMed, SciELO, and Google Scholar, applying descriptors in Portuguese, English, and Spanish. Inclusion criteria comprised original studies published between 2020 and 2025, available in full text and open access. From an initial pool of 600 articles, five studies met all inclusion requirements. Results demonstrated that diets rich in ultra-processed foods impair nutritional balance and disrupt hormonal regulation. Leptin resistance emerges as a consequence of increased adiposity, diminishing central sensitivity despite elevated serum levels, which compromises appetite control and energy expenditure. Concurrently, ghrelin, while physiologically essential in promoting hunger, may perpetuate excessive food intake and fat accumulation when chronically elevated. The interplay between both hormones underlines the complexity of obesity development, suggesting that disrupted signaling pathways contribute significantly to weight gain and associated metabolic disorders. Furthermore, the findings reinforce that ultra-processed diets, enriched with refined carbohydrates, fats, and sodium but lacking in essential micronutrients, create favorable conditions for hormonal dysregulation, metabolic imbalance, and chronic disease progression. From a public health perspective, these insights highlight the urgent need for policies addressing nutritional education, regulation of processed food availability, and promotion of healthier dietary patterns. Educational campaigns and preventive strategies may reduce population-level exposure to harmful food environments, while clinical interventions should target the identification of hormonal alterations in high-risk individuals. For researchers, the topic remains underexplored, particularly regarding ghrelin’s long-term role in metabolic adaptation, genetic predisposition, and interaction with diverse dietary patterns. Understanding these mechanisms could support innovative therapeutic approaches to obesity management and prevention. In conclusion, excessive consumption of ultra-processed foods is directly associated with leptin and ghrelin imbalance, which compromises appetite regulation, fosters energy storage, and contributes to obesity and related metabolic diseases. Addressing this problem requires an integrative strategy combining scientific research, public policy, and clinical practice to mitigate the harmful impact of dietary industrialization and to promote healthier lifestyles across populations.
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION IN AESTHETICS: BODY ASSESSMENT PROTOCOLS FOR OPTIMIZING RESULTS AND THERAPEUTIC SAFETY
Physical examination and body assessment are essential procedures in aesthetics, as they allow for the analysis of parameters related to body composition and aesthetic alterations such as lipodystrophy, sagging skin, and cellulite. The objective of this study was to reinforce the importance of systematic assessment to ensure greater accuracy and safety during interventions, consolidating a personalized and effective approach. To this end, a narrative review of national and international scientific literature was conducted in the PubMed, SciELO, and LILACS databases. The study included anthropometric assessment methods, postural analysis, inspection, palpation, and non-invasive technologies such as bioimpedance. The review demonstrated that systematic body assessment allows for the identification of fat distribution, muscle tone, and body symmetry, as well as aesthetic dysfunctions and possible contraindications. This information is crucial for developing personalized treatment plans, optimizing safety and promoting superior clinical results. The use of non-invasive technologies complements manual assessment by providing accurate quantitative data. In conclusion, body assessment is an indispensable resource for understanding the body's current condition, guiding treatment, and monitoring the progress of results. Its systematic application consolidates evidence-based practice, raises the standard of care, and strengthens the relationship of trust between professional and patient.
MENTAL DISORDERS IN SEXUAL AND GENDER MINORITIES: EVIDENCE FROM AN INTEGRATIVE LITERATURE REVIEW
Introduction: The stress experienced by sexual and gender minorities, including internalized prejudice and anticipated discrimination, significantly impacts the mental health of this population. Objective: To review the literature on risk factors associated with mental disorders in sexual and gender minorities in Brazil. Methods: This is an integrative review using the PICO strategy. Studies published in the last five years, with a cross-sectional design, in English or Portuguese were included. Searches were conducted in August 2025 in the PubMed and SciELO databases, using the descriptors: Risk factors AND mental disorders AND sexual minorities OR gender AND Brazil. Of the 35 studies identified, four met the inclusion criteria. Results: Internalized prejudice and anticipated discrimination were strongly associated with depression, anxiety, and suicide risk. Conversely, social support and identity affirmation were shown to be important protective factors. Conclusion: Sexual and gender minorities are more vulnerable to mental disorders due to internalized prejudice and anticipated discrimination, while social support and identity affirmation act as protective factors, highlighting the need for inclusive mental health promotion strategies.
FACIAL BOTULINUM TOXIN: A NARRATIVE REVIEW OF AESTHETIC APPLICATIONS AND CLINICAL ADVANCES
Botulinum toxin is one of the most widely used agents in aesthetic medicine, especially in facial procedures. Its ability to modulate muscle activity has made it a safe and effective tool for the treatment of dynamic wrinkles and facial rejuvenation. This narrative review aims to summarize the mechanisms of action, clinical indications, safety considerations, and aesthetic outcomes of botulinum toxin in facial practice. Recent articles indexed in PubMed and Scielo were analyzed to provide an updated overview of evidence-based applications. Results indicate that botulinum toxin contributes to wrinkle reduction, facial harmony, and patient satisfaction, with low incidence of adverse effects when performed by trained professionals. Advances in application techniques and dilution protocols have further improved precision, durability, and natural results. In conclusion, botulinum toxin remains a cornerstone in minimally invasive facial aesthetics, combining scientific support with clinical practice to achieve predictable and safe outcomes.
PHARMACOLOGICAL PROFILE AND ADVERSE EFFECTS IN PATIENTS WITH LUPUS DURING THE MONTH OF AUGUST
INTRODUCTION: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic, inflammatory, multisystemic autoimmune disease. Treatment involves different classes of drugs, which are essential for disease control but may also cause adverse effects that can worsen the clinical condition and impair patients’ quality of life. OBJECTIVE: To characterize variables related to the pharmacological profile and adverse effects in patients with SLE during August 2025. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive, and observational study with a quantitative approach. Data collection was based on an online questionnaire via Google Forms answered by patients with SLE during August 2025. RESULTS: A total of 34 participants were included in the study; of these, 76.47% (26/34) used corticosteroids, and among them, 88.46% (23/26) also used other drugs, such as hydroxychloroquine (73.91%; 17/23) and immunosuppressants (30.43%; 7/23). The most frequently reported corticosteroid-related adverse effects were weight gain (84.8%; 22/26) and mood changes (75.8%; 19/26). Hydroxychloroquine was used by 91.17% (31/34) of patients. Among these, 64.51% (20/31) combined it with other drugs, mainly immunosuppressants (60%; 12/20) and corticosteroids (20%; 4/20). Reported hydroxychloroquine-related adverse effects included muscle weakness or pain (45.2%; 14/31) and gastrointestinal problems (41.9%; 13/31). All participants reported regular follow-up with healthcare professionals, most commonly rheumatologists (67.64%; 23/34), while 32.35% (11/34) were followed by other professionals. In addition to the diagnosis of SLE, 55.9% (18/34) reported comorbidities, mainly hypertension (50%; 9/18) and cardiovascular diseases (22.2%; 4/18). CONCLUSIONS: The results show that the pharmacological management of patients with SLE predominantly involves the use of corticosteroids and hydroxychloroquine, often in combination with immunosuppressants. Despite therapeutic effectiveness, a high frequency of adverse effects was observed, especially those related to corticosteroids (weight gain and mood changes) and hydroxychloroquine (musculoskeletal and gastrointestinal symptoms). Furthermore, the presence of comorbidities highlights the clinical complexity of these patients, who require multidisciplinary follow-up. Therefore, continuous monitoring of adverse effects and individualized therapy are essential to optimize quality of life and reduce treatment-related complications in SLE.
THE TRAINING OF PHARMACY PROFESSIONALS AND THEIR EDUCATIONAL CONTRIBUTIONS IN BREAST CANCER CARE
Introduction: The training of pharmacy professionals, over the last decades, has consolidated as a scientific, technical, and social field, guided by interdisciplinarity and the integration of knowledge involving biomedicine, chemistry, professional ethics, and health education. In the context of oncology, especially in breast cancer treatment, pharmacists play a key role both in therapeutic follow-up and in educational practices directed at patients, families, and communities. In this scenario, pharmacists contribute not only to the management of medicines used in chemotherapy, hormone therapy, and targeted therapies but also to educational practices that support treatment adherence, prevention of adverse effects, and the promotion of quality of life. Objectives: This study aims to analyze the importance of pharmaceutical training in breast cancer treatment; discuss the educational dimension of pharmacists’ work in oncology; and highlight counseling and therapeutic follow-up practices that strengthen treatment adherence and health promotion. Methodology: This is a bibliographic and descriptive study based on the analysis of scientific articles, institutional documents, and public health policy guidelines. Justification: The pharmacist, as part of multidisciplinary teams, contributes to medication safety, clarifies doubts about therapeutic regimens, and promotes health education. The appreciation of this formative and educational aspect is justified by the potential to expand access to information, reduce treatment-related risks, and support the building of trust between professionals and patients. Results and Discussion: The analysis of the consulted sources shows that pharmacists’ work in oncology has progressively expanded, evolving from the technical role of compounding and dispensing medicines to an active role in educational and follow-up actions. Pharmaceutical counseling programs in oncology services indicate significant improvement in treatment adherence, greater understanding of chemotherapy side effects, and better patient quality of life. Furthermore, experiences reported in health services highlight that educational practices, such as group discussions and individualized counseling, contribute to strengthening patients’ shared responsibility in the care process. Conclusion: The training and practice of pharmacists in breast cancer treatment highlight the importance of integrating science, education, and care. It is concluded that investing in the pedagogical and communication training of these professionals is essential to expand their contribution to prevention, follow-up, and coping with breast cancer, consolidating the pharmacist as a strategic agent in health promotion.
ANALYSIS OF THE ANXIOLYTIC POTENTIAL OF NANOENCAPSULATED ESSENTIAL OIL OF OCIMUM GRATISSIMUM IN VALIDATED TESTS WITH RODENTS
INTRODUCTION: According to the World Health Organization (WHO), anxiety affects around 10% of the population in Brazil, impacting individuals not only through symptoms but also through the adverse effects of medications currently available in the pharmaceutical market. In light of this, therapeutic approaches using natural compounds have gained prominence. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to analyze the anxiolytic effects of nanoencapsulated essential oil and assess rodent behavior using the Open Field (OF) and Elevated Plus Maze (EPM) tests. METHODS: Male Swiss mice will be used in behavioral tests: the Open Field (OF) test to assess spontaneous locomotion and exploratory behavior, and the Elevated Plus Maze (EPM) to evaluate the amount of time spent and the number of entries into the open arms. RESULTS: The essential oil of Ocimum gratissimum, both in its nanoencapsulated and free form, will be tested in mice to analyze behavior and achieve key therapeutic advantages, such as increased stability, bioavailability, and controlled release of the active compound. Comparing both forms will reveal different behaviors among the rodents, allowing for a better understanding of their mechanisms of action. Furthermore, this research highlights Brazilian biodiversity and represents a more accessible, sustainable, and compatible therapeutic strategy for the needs of the public health system. CONCLUSION: The results propose an innovative approach to developing new therapies for the treatment of anxiety disorders by investigating the anxiolytic effects of nanoencapsulated Ocimum gratissimum essential oil. It is expected that the findings will contribute to the formulation of new phytotherapeutic agents, expanding more sustainable and humanized therapeutic options.
MORTALITY FROM CARDIOPULMONARY DISEASES IN BRAZIL AND GOIÁS: 2023–2024
Cardiopulmonary diseases, such as myocardial infarction, heart failure, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), represent significant causes of mortality in Brazil. These conditions mainly affect adults and the elderly, with risk factors such as physical inactivity, smoking, and hypertension. To analyze mortality from cardiopulmonary diseases in Brazil and in Goiás, focusing on the municipalities of Carmo do Rio Verde, Ceres, and Rialma in 2023. This is a retrospective descriptive analysis conducted using data from the Mortality Information System (SIM/DATASUS), as well as updated municipal records through 2023. In 2023, cardiovascular diseases were the leading cause of death in Brazil, with more than 400,000 deaths, followed by respiratory diseases such as COPD and pneumonia. In Goiás, according to DataSUS, the municipalities of Ceres, Rialma, and Carmo do Rio Verde recorded, respectively, 44, 39, and 23 deaths from these causes. The main associated conditions were acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, hypertension, and COPD. Ceres presented a higher incidence of pneumonia and chronic pulmonary diseases, while Carmo do Rio Verde and Rialma stood out for the high prevalence of infarction and heart failure. Cardiopulmonary diseases remain a major challenge for public health. Preventive actions, health education, and the expansion of primary care are essential to reduce mortality and improve the population’s quality of life.
VALUING WOMEN WORKERS IN BRAZIL’S UNIFIED HEALTH SYSTEM (SUS): MENTAL HEALTH AND WORK-RELATED VIOLENCE
Introduction: Valuing women health workers in Brazil’s Unified Health System (SUS) is inseparable from protecting mental health and preventing work-related violence. Objective: To synthesize policies and evidence to identify actionable strategies that strengthen recognition, safety, and well-being for women in the SUS workforce. Methods: An integrative review of Brazilian worker-health and mental-health policies within SUS and international guidelines on violence against women health workers, limited to publications from the past 10 years due to the lack of recent policy updates in this area, indexed in BVS, SciELO, and PubMed. Results: The synthesis identifies recurrent psychosocial risks—high emotional demands, moral harassment (workplace bullying), sexual harassment, and verbal and physical aggression—exacerbated by precarious contracts, night work, and weak incident-reporting systems. Effective measures cluster into four pillars: (1) governance: implementation of comprehensive worker-health policies with gender-responsive planning, routine risk assessment, and reliable reporting channels; (2) primary and specialized support: linkage of occupational health services with the Psychosocial Care Network to ensure rapid access to mental-health care and structured return-to-work plans; (3) safe work environments: team-based workflows, adequate staffing and security, and zero-tolerance protocols aligned with international frameworks; and (4) recognition and retention: career progression, fair pay, leadership opportunities, and supervision that reduces the stigma around help-seeking. Conclusions: To truly value women workers in SUS, management should integrate mental-health care and violence prevention into everyday work organization, guarantee decent working conditions and enforceable protections, and monitor outcomes; such measures are expected to reduce burnout and turnover while improving care quality, patient safety, and equity.
INFLUENCE OF ULTRA-PROCESSED FOOD CONSUMPTION ON THE MUSCLE STRENGTH OF WORKERS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY IN THE SÃO PATRÍCIO VALLEY, GOIÁS
Introduction: The consumption of ultra-processed foods has grown among Brazilians, usually associated with negative health effects. However, in work contexts, where there is greater physical demand and energy expenditure, this relationship may be more complex. Assessing how this dietary pattern is associated with muscular strength in workers can contribute to more contextualized health promotion strategies in the occupational environment. Objective: to evaluate the association between regular consumption of ultra-processed foods, such as sweets, soft drinks and fast food, and the levels of manual, scapular and lumbar muscle strength in workers in the interior of Goiás. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach involving workers of both sexes, aged 18 years or older, employed by public and private companies. Food consumption was assessed based on blocks of the National School Health Survey Qquestionnaire, considering as regular consumption whem it was equal to or greater than 5 days on the last week. Muscle strength was classified as low or high based on the median, and measured using manual dynamometry (right and left hand), scapular and lumbar, respecting the collection protocols and considering the highest value among 3 attempts. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software, version 23.0. To verify the association between the variables, Poisson Regression with robust variance was used through the Generalized Linear Model (p=0.05). Results: 804 workers participated in the study, 512 women (63.7%) and 292 men (36.3%). A significant association was observed between regular consumption of sweets and a lower prevalence of low lumbar strength among women, only 39.0% of those who consumed sweets regularly had low lumbar strength, compared with 53.4% of those who consumed sweets irregularly (p = 0.011). Similarly, regular consumption of soft drinks was also associated with a lower risk of low lumbar strength in both sexes. Among women, only 31.4% of those who consumed soft drinks regularly had low lumbar strength, in contrast to 53.1% who consumed them irregularly (p = 0.004). Among men, the percentages were 38.3% and 54.7%, respectively (p = 0.041). No significant associations were observed between fast food consumption and muscle strength levels or between the consumption of the analyzed foods and hand or scapular strength, regardless of gender. Conclusion: It is concluded that the regular consumption of sweets and soft drinks was associated with a lower risk of low lumbar strength in workers, possibly related to the greater caloric and energy intake. These findings reinforce the need to investigate nutritional impacts in the occupational context in more depth, considering not only the quality of food, but also the energy demands related to physical work and the maintenance of muscle strength.
PHARMACEUTICAL CARE IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER: MEDICATION SAFETY AND COMPREHENSIVE CARE
Introduction: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurological condition characterized by alterations in communication, social interaction, and behavior, including repetitive actions and restricted interests. Pharmaceutical care is essential in the care of patients with ASD, ensuring monitoring, medication safety, and therapeutic adherence. Objective: To review the literature on the importance of pharmaceutical care in children with ASD, highlighting the role of pharmacists and caregivers in the rational use of medications and prevention of adverse effects. Method: This is a narrative literature review based on scientific articles. Historical studies, diagnoses, epidemiological prevalence, and clinical characteristics of ASD were analyzed. The PICO strategy and Boolean operators (AND, OR) were used to combine the descriptors "pharmaceutical care," "autism spectrum disorder," and "medication." Results: Pharmacotherapy is common in children with ASD, with 73% using some medication. However, few receive adequate pharmaceutical follow-up, compromising treatment efficacy. Pharmaceutical monitoring allows for dose adjustments, prevention of drug interactions, and guidance for caregivers, improving therapeutic adherence. Medications do not cure ASD, but they control symptoms and promote quality of life and social integration. Conclusion: Pharmacists are essential in the management of ASD, promoting medication safety, therapeutic adherence, and comprehensive care. Their intervention helps reduce risks, guide caregivers, and strengthen clinical pharmacy as part of health policies, improving patients' quality of life.
DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS (DKA) AS AN INITIAL MARKER OF TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS (T1DM) IN CHILDREN
Introduction: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is the most severe acute metabolic complication of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in children, characterized by hyperglycemia, metabolic acidosis, and ketonemia. In many cases, DKA constitutes the initial clinical manifestation of the disease, highlighting delays in diagnosis and failures in the recognition of early signs. The occurrence of DKA at the time of diagnosis is associated with higher risks of morbidity and mortality, prolonged hospitalizations, and possible neurological impacts, representing an important public health and clinical problem. Objective: To analyze diabetic ketoacidosis as an inaugural marker of type 1 diabetes mellitus in children, emphasizing risk factors, clinical characteristics, and prognostic implications. Methodology: This is an integrative literature review, in which the Health Sciences Descriptors (DeCS) “Children,” “Diabetic Ketoacidosis,” and “Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus” were used, combined with the Boolean operator AND, in the Lilacs and PubMed databases. Inclusion criteria for the articles were applied, such as: original studies, published in the last 5 years (2020–2025), and available in English, Portuguese, or Spanish. A total of 42 articles were found, 20 from PubMed and 22 from Lilacs. Of these, 10 texts considered most relevant were selected for the composition of this study. Results: The analysis of the studies revealed that between 30% and 40% of children diagnosed with T1DM present DKA as their first clinical manifestation. The highest incidence is observed in children under 5 years of age, due to the nonspecific nature of symptoms and the difficulty in early recognition of the condition. Factors such as socioeconomic inequality, barriers to accessing health services, and low population knowledge about warning signs contribute to delayed diagnosis. In addition to acute complications, such as the risk of cerebral edema, severe episodes of inaugural DKA have been associated with long-term neurocognitive deficits. Despite its clinical relevance, there is still a shortage of in-depth national studies correlating the occurrence of inaugural DKA with prevention policies and health education strategies. Conclusion: The analysis shows that diabetic ketoacidosis as an initial marker of type 1 diabetes mellitus in children presents patterns similar to those observed in international studies, but with particularities related to access to health services, age at diagnosis, and socioeconomic factors. These findings reinforce the need to intensify health education strategies, expand professional training for early recognition, and structure public policies aimed at reducing the incidence and severity of DKA in the pediatric context.
SAFE SURGERY PROTOCOL AND CHECKLIST APPLICATION IN A PRIVATE HOSPITAL: AN EXPERIENCE REPORT
Abstract Patient safety is a fundamental pillar of quality in health care, especially in surgical settings. Based on WHO guidelines, the Brazilian National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA) implemented the Safe Surgery Protocol, which includes a checklist applied at three critical moments: before anesthesia, before the incision, and before leaving the operating room. This report describes the experience of three medical students during an observational activity at a private hospital in Anápolis, Brazil, involving an elective surgery for abdominal wall endometrioma removal. The students participated exclusively in the application of the surgical safety checklist, following institutional standards. The preoperative phase was conducted appropriately, including review of exams, informed consent, fasting verification, and anesthetic assessment, although the responsible physician’s signature was missing. During the first checklist step, all items were correctly followed. In the second step, hand hygiene, sterilization, and communication were adequate, but the operating room door remained open, compromising environmental control. The final checklist stage was completed with precision, and the patient was transferred to the recovery room in stable condition. The surgery was performed without major complications, and the excised tissue was sent for histopathological analysis. This experience reinforced the critical role of the surgical safety checklist in reducing adverse events and ensuring coordinated, humanized care. Although most protocols were followed correctly, specific failures, such as the lack of the physician’s signature and open door during the procedure, highlight the importance of continuous education and strict adherence to safety standards. The integration between theory and practice provided valuable learning, enabling students to understand the dynamics of the operating room and the importance of effective communication and protocol compliance. The observation also emphasized how active student participation contributes to improving care processes and fostering a culture of safety. This report contributes to the literature by presenting a real-world experience of checklist implementation and by encouraging professional training focused on safety and quality in surgical care.
TREATMENT OF TYPE 1 DIABETES IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS: SPECIAL FEATURES AND CHALLENGES
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system destroys the cells in the pancreas responsible for producing insulin, resulting in a total deficiency of this hormone. Genetic and environmental factors can influence its development, and symptoms include excessive thirst, frequent urination, fatigue, and weight loss. The diagnosis is made through tests such as fasting blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin. Treatment involves the use of insulin, a healthy diet, physical exercise, and glucose monitoring. If not properly controlled, the disease can lead to acute and chronic complications. Although prevention is still limited, early diagnosis and proper treatment can improve quality of life, albeit at a high cost. This study aims to analyze the main challenges faced in the treatment of type 1 diabetes, with a special focus on treatment adherence, the emotional impact on patients, especially children and adolescents, and the barriers imposed by the high costs of technologies used in glycemic control, such as insulin pumps and continuous glucose monitors. A narrative literature review was conducted based on 29 publications extracted from the SciELO, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases, considering materials from the last 5 years in Portuguese and English. Of the articles analyzed, two highlighted challenges in the treatment of type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents, such as treatment adherence and emotional management. Technology, such as insulin pumps and continuous glucose monitors, facilitates glycemic control, but costs remain a barrier. Health education, essential for proper management, is not always accessible. Effective treatment depends on overcoming these obstacles, with an emphasis on psychological support and education to improve patients' quality of life. It is concluded that type 1 diabetes is a complex chronic disease, whose effective treatment depends on a multidisciplinary approach that includes the use of insulin, constant glucose monitoring, healthy eating, and psychological support.
EFFECTS OF EXERCISE ON IMPROVING THE HEALTH OF CHILDREN WITH AUTISM: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that impairs motor, psychological, and social skills. Its prevalence is currently increasing, and physical activity is beneficial for improving these parameters in children. The objective of this study was to verify the benefits of and exercise in improving the health of children with ASD. This study is a systematic review of randomized controlled trials conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. The studies included were those published in the last five years, written in English, focusing on children aged 4 to 12 years diagnosed with ASD. The databases used were PubMed, BVS, and SciELO. Of the 211 studies found, only 9 met the selection criteria. The Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale was used to assess the methodological quality of the studies. The results of the selected trials indicated that physical exercise improves sleep quality and physical aspects in children with ASD. It is concluded that children with ASD should perform physical exercises to improve sleep and physical aspects. Thus, it contributes to greater autonomy and independence, which is associated with a more favorable quality of life.
RISK OF THROMBOSIS ASSOCIATED WITH THE USE OF ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES: BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW
Introduction: Thrombosis is a multifactorial condition that can be exacerbated by the use of oral contraceptives due to the hemostatic changes they cause. This risk represents a significant public health problem, especially among women of reproductive age. Objective: To review the literature to see if the use of oral contraceptives is associated with a higher risk of thrombosis. Methodology: This literature review was conducted using the PICO strategy. Studies were selected from the SciELO, PubMed, and BVS databases. The search used the following descriptors combined with Boolean operators: oral contraceptive OR oral hormonal contraceptive AND risk AND thrombosis. Cross-sectional studies published in English were included. A total of 42 studies were identified, of which 7 met the eligibility criteria and were included in this review. Results: Analysis of the 7 studies that met the inclusion criteria showed that women using combined oral contraceptives have a significantly higher risk of thrombosis compared to non-users. This increased risk is related to the drug formulation, the dose used, and the individual biological characteristics of the women. Conclusion: The risk of thrombosis associated with the use of combined oral contraceptives is influenced by the formulation, dose, and individual characteristics of the users. Studies of this type are promising for deepening the understanding of the causes and risk factors associated with the use of these medications. The importance of prevention strategies aimed at reducing the impact of thrombosis on public health is also highlighted.
DIGITAL MONITORING AND MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES IN THE PREVENTION OF OPIOID INTOXICATION
Introduction: Opioid intoxication remains a major challenge for healthcare systems, with a significant impact on morbidity and mortality, especially among chronic users and young adults. In this context, digital technologies and public health management strategies emerge as promising tools for prevention and early intervention. Objective: To analyze the role of digital technologies and public health management strategies in preventing and monitoring opioid intoxication, highlighting innovative approaches and their potential integration into public policies. Methodology: A bibliographic review was conducted between August 2024 and May 2025, using the BVS, SciELO, LILACS, and PubMed databases. The descriptors “opioid intoxication,” “naloxone,” “health technologies,” and “public health management” were applied in both Portuguese and English. Results and discussion: The studies reviewed indicate that digital monitoring systems, including mobile applications and wearable sensors, show potential for early detection of intoxication signs. The use of pulse oximetry sensors integrated with mobile devices enables remote monitoring and automatic alerts. Moreover, programs combining naloxone distribution with digital alert systems have been associated with reduced mortality rates. However, integrating these technologies into public health services still faces challenges related to infrastructure, professional training, and data privacy. Policies that incorporate digital monitoring, naloxone training, and harm reduction strategies have shown particularly promising outcomes. Conclusion: Digital monitoring, combined with integrated management strategies, represents a valuable tool in the prevention of opioid intoxication. Its effective implementation requires coordinated policies and investment in technological infrastructure, with the potential to reduce morbidity and mortality associated with opioid misuse.
EFFECTS OF PULMONARY REHABILITATION IN ACTIVE SMOKERS
Introduction: According to the National Cancer Institute, smoking is considered a chronic and epidemic disease resulting from nicotine dependence present in tobacco-derived products. Objective: To analyze, through a literature review, the effects of pulmonary rehabilitation on respiratory function and quality of life in smokers, highlighting its therapeutic interventions, clinical benefits, and the encouragement of adopting healthy lifestyle habits. Method: This is an integrative literature review. The search was conducted in the Scopus, PubMed, SciELO, and Web of Science databases. Articles addressing Pulmonary Rehabilitation and Respiratory Function in Smokers were included, while exclusion criteria comprised duplicate articles and studies involving non-adult populations. Results: Studies show that pulmonary rehabilitation promotes improvements in both functional capacity and maximal performance in exercise tests of patients with different chronic pulmonary symptoms. Considering that smoking contributes to most COPD cases and plays a role in disease progression, pulmonary rehabilitation programs provide a unique opportunity to address smoking cessation. Conclusion: The results of this study highlight the positive effects of pulmonary rehabilitation in active smokers. These programs improve respiratory function, functional capacity, quality of life, and contribute to reducing cigarette consumption, favoring smoking cessation. Therefore, pulmonary rehabilitation proves to be an effective intervention to promote clinical and behavioral gains.
EFFECTIVENESS OF HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE IN THE MANAGEMENT OF ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION AND TREATMENT OF PERIPHERAL EDEMA
The renal system is essential for regulating the body's homeostasis, regulating blood pressure, electrolyte balance, and the elimination of toxic substances. When these functions are compromised, the body needs to use medications with specific mechanisms to restore balance. Hydrochlorothiazide is a drug widely used in this context, due to its diuretic action. This abstract aims to present the action of hydrochlorothiazide in blood pressure control and edema treatment, highlighting its diuretic function. A literature review was conducted using the PUBMED and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews databases. The articles included were those available free of charge in Portuguese or English. Those excluded were those that dealt with the combined use of hydrochlorothiazide and another drug or its application in cases of renal pathologies. Hydrochlorothiazide is a thiazide-type diuretic drug that promotes greater elimination of sodium and water from the body. Thiazides act directly on the sodium chloride cotransporter in the distal convoluted tubules of the renal nephrons, inhibiting their reabsorption action, thereby promoting natriuretic and diuretic effects. Hydrochlorothiazide is effective in antihypertensive therapy and in reducing peripheral edema by reducing plasma and extracellular volumes, in addition to reducing cardiac output and peripheral resistance. The advantages of using hydrochlorothiazide in reducing blood pressure and peripheral edema have been shown to be effective in clinical trials, especially in initial treatment, however, it does not replace individualized treatment plans.
Introduction: The role of the biomedical practitioner in the Blood Bank was formally recognized by Biomedicine in 2002 by resolution n. 78. This area works in the blood transfusion process, from the verification of blood compatibility to the separation and production of blood components and blood products. (1) Objective: To conduct a bibliographic study on the role of biomedical professionals in blood banks, highlighting their responsibilities and importance in the blood transfusion process. Methodology: Bibliographic research of a narrative nature was carried out between January and March 2025. The following keywords were used: Biomedical scientist (AND) blood bank (OR) transfusion medicine. The searches were conducted in the PubMed and SociELO databases, and included complete articles published in Portuguese and English, which addressed the role of biomedical professionals in blood banks, especially in the screening process, production of blood components and practices related to blood transfusion, studies that were not directly related to biomedical practice in this area were excluded. Results: The research showed that the role of biomedical in blood banks has become increasingly relevant in the face of the growing demands for transfusion safety and efficient management of blood components. (2,3) Conclusion: The role of biomedical professionals in blood banks has been established as strategic, combining technical skills and innovation to ensure the safety and efficacy of hemotherapy.
MARIANA APARECIDA GRAÇA POMPILIO OLIVEIRA
APPLICATIONS OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF GENETIC DISEASES
Molecular biology has established itself as an essential tool for advancing research on the human genome, contributing to our understanding of how genes function under normal and pathological conditions. In the clinical field, molecular diagnosis has made it possible to identify genetic mutations associated with various diseases, promoting a more accurate and less invasive approach. The objective of this study was to describe the use of molecular biology in the diagnosis of genetic diseases, highlighting factors related to its laboratory application and its relevance for obtaining faster and more reliable diagnoses. This is an integrative review of the literature, conducted through searches in the PubMed and SciELO databases. Articles published in the last five years, in Portuguese and English, that addressed the proposed theme were included, excluding those that did not meet the established criteria. Genetic and molecular diagnosis allows changes in DNA to be identified even before symptoms appear, facilitating early detection of diseases and the development of targeted therapies. Among the main methods used are: karyotyping, indicated for the identification of large chromosomal alterations; PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction), which enables the selective amplification of DNA segments and is widely used for its speed and sensitivity; sequencing, capable of detecting specific mutations with high precision, which is essential in the analysis of specific genes and in the diagnosis of hereditary syndromes; and array technologies, aimed at the simultaneous screening of multiple genomic regions with high sensitivity, especially in cases that require large-scale comparative analyses. Each technique has advantages and limitations that determine its clinical applicability. Karyotyping, although useful in the overall analysis of the genome, has low resolution for minor changes. PCR, in turn, depends on the choice of target sequences, limiting its exploratory nature. Sequencing, despite its accuracy, can still be costly in some contexts. Arrays do not identify specific mutations, but are effective in detecting variations in gene copy numbers. Thus, the methods are often applied in a complementary manner, increasing diagnostic coverage. The integration of these approaches strengthens clinical practice, enabling everything from early diagnosis to the monitoring of asymptomatic carriers. In addition, it provides support for genetic counseling, which is essential for couples at risk of transmitting hereditary mutations. This perspective reinforces the role of personalized medicine, which combines genomic information with therapeutic and preventive planning, enabling more effective strategies for tackling genetic diseases. It can be concluded that molecular biology applied to clinical diagnosis represents a significant advance in the detection and prevention of hereditary diseases. By enabling rapid, accurate, and targeted analyses, it contributes to reducing morbidity and mortality, guiding therapeutic decisions, and expanding the scope of genetic counseling. Its consolidation as a routine laboratory practice reinforces the relevance of preventive medicine and personalized healthcare.
THE ROLE OF DIAGNOSTIC TECHNOLOGIES AND CLINICAL BIOMARKERS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF DIABETIC RETINOPATHY
Introduction: in patients with diabetes mellitus, diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common microvascular complication that, if not diagnosed early, can lead to blindness. Early diagnosis and prevention of DR are crucial. Emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI) and glucose monitoring offer new approaches for screening and managing this condition. Objective: to consolidate the findings of recent research on the clinical characteristics and technological approaches that influence the diagnosis and progression of DR. Methodology: classified as a simple literature summary based on three articles found in the PubMed (Public Medline) database. The health descriptors "Diabetes Mellitus", "Diabetic Retinopathy", "Clinical Diagnosis" and "Technology" were used, in addition to the boolean operator "AND" between them. Articles published between 2020 and 2025 that met the objective of the present summary were selected. Results: it was verified that in patients with type 2 diabetes and diabetic kidney disease, the use of insulin, a longer duration of diabetes and high systolic blood pressure levels were associated with the presence of DR. In individuals with type 1 diabetes, remnant cholesterol was associated with hyperglycemia and diabetic nephropathy, but not with DR. It was also observed that the retinal age gap was significantly greater in patients with DR than in those without DR. These results suggest that premature aging of the retina is associated with disease progression. Conclusion: the use of technologies such as AI for the screening and diagnosis of DR is promising, given that the retinal age gap can serve as a predictive biomarker for disease progression. Furthermore, clinical risk factors, such as insulin use, duration of diabetes and high systolic blood pressure, continue to be important predictors of DR in patients with type 2 diabetes. Future research should continue to explore the integration of biomarkers and technologies to optimize the screening and management of diabetic retinopathy.
FOOD INTRODUCTION AND THE EFFECTS OF PROCESSED FOODS
The introduction of solid foods begins after the breastfeeding period, which begins in the sixth month of a child's life. This is a very important phase that determines formation and development. It focuses on the first two years, as this period will define patterns that will last a lifetime. Food preferences will be determined by the assimilation of both environmental factors (region, customs, conditions, traditions) and genetic factors (parents' habits, diet during pregnancy, and individual factors). Marque et al., 2020. In theory, healthy eating should be introduced and encouraged in the early stages of a child's life, respecting the six-month period when adaptation and complementary feeding begin. According to the Family Budget Survey, Brazilian children lack foods such as fruits, vegetables, and greens, demonstrating an excessive consumption of processed foods, such as processed foods, sugary drinks, cookies, snacks, and popcorn (Oliveira et al. 2017). Obesity is one of the biggest public health challenges in Brazil, associated with comorbidities such as diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. Its main cause is the high consumption of ultra-processed foods and low physical activity. Furthermore, the excessive use of technology and social media has contributed to childhood obesity, as it affects eating habits and reduces the participation in outdoor activities. Ultra-processed foods, which are inexpensive, easily accessible, and well-accepted, represent a large portion of caloric intake, especially in Brazil. Adequate nutritional introduction is essential to prevent childhood obesity. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends exclusive breastfeeding until six months of age, followed by the introduction of natural or minimally processed foods. Breast milk, in addition to providing emotional bonding, offers protection against overweight and obesity due to its bioactive compounds. However, the early introduction of foods, such as animal milk or processed foods, is common, which compromises adequate nutritional development and increases the risk of obesity and other chronic diseases. The introduction of ultra-processed foods before the first year of life is associated with these problems, and their prevalence is high in children under two years of age. (Souza et al 2021).
SLEEP QUALITY IN SHIFT WORKERS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Shift work in industry compromises the circadian cycle, impairing sleep quality (SQ), increasing levels of fatigue and attention deficit, which negatively impacts productivity and professional performance. The objective of this review was to verify in the literature whether shift work affects the QS of industrial workers. This is a systematic review that was conducted using the PRISMA guideline criteria. The inclusion criteria were studies that used the Pittsburgh scale, stratified the sample by shift, were written in English, were original, and were published in the last five years. At the time of the search, 276 studies were found, but only three were selected for this review. The workers were aged between 18 and 41 years, and the Pittsburgh Index scores for daytime work were between 5.7 and 8.8 points, while those for night work were between 3.6 and 7.8 points. However, two studies reported less favorable QS among workers. Although the results were inconclusive, two studies identified worse QS among workers who work different shifts.
CYSTIC FIBROSIS: DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT AND THERAPEUTIC UPDATES
Introduction: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease characterized by mutations in the CFTR gene, which primarily affect the respiratory and digestive systems, resulting in impaired lung function, malnutrition, and reduced quality of life. Early diagnosis is crucial for implementing effective therapeutic interventions, allowing for the prevention or minimization of respiratory and nutritional complications. Recent advances in treatment, particularly CFTR modulators, have demonstrated significant impact on improving lung function, controlling respiratory exacerbations, and improving quality of life, representing a paradigm shift in the management of CF. At the same time, traditional therapies, such as respiratory physiotherapy, antibiotics for infection control, nutritional support, and multidisciplinary follow-up, remain essential for reducing complications and maintaining the overall health of patients. Objective: To review the literature on diagnosis, clinical management, and therapeutic advances in patients with cystic fibrosis. Methods: This study consists of a literature review based on the PICO strategy, including articles published in the last five years, in English or Portuguese, that address the diagnosis, management, and therapies of CF. Searches were conducted in PubMed, SciELO, and BVS databases, using the descriptors "cystic fibrosis" AND diagnosis AND treatment AND therapies. Results: The results show that integrating early diagnosis with innovative and conventional therapies provides better clinical outcomes, prolonging survival and promoting a better quality of life. Conclusion: A combined approach, combining CFTR modulators with traditional care, is the most effective strategy for managing cystic fibrosis, reinforcing the importance of continuous multidisciplinary monitoring.
RESEARCH ON SALMONELLA SPP. AND QUALITY ANALYSIS OF FRESH HOMEMADE MILK MARKETED IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF ANÁPOLIS – GO
This project aims to analyze the microbiological and physicochemical quality of homemade fresh milk marketed in the region of Anápolis - GO, focusing on the detection of Salmonella spp. — a pathogenic microorganism associated with foodborne illnesses. The study is justified by the widespread consumption of raw milk in family and rural settings, often without rigorous sanitary inspection, which poses a public health risk. Several milk samples will be collected throughout one year to perform microbiological and physicochemical analyses, following official methodologies from AOAC, Embrapa, MAPA, and ANVISA. The analyses will include pH, titratable acidity, density, fat content, protein content, cryoscopy, water activity, mesophilic bacteria count, total and thermotolerant coliforms, molds and yeasts, as well as the identification of Salmonella spp. using selective media and confirmatory tests. The results will be compared to the standards established by Normative Instruction No. 76/2018 (MAPA) and Normative Instruction No. 161/2022 (ANVISA). It is expected to find variations in physicochemical parameters and the presence of Salmonella spp. in some samples, highlighting deficiencies in milking and milk preservation practices. The data obtained may support educational initiatives and hygienic-sanitary control strategies, promoting safer artisanal milk production and consumption.
Palliative Care in Primary Health Care: relevance and implementation challenges
Introduction: The integration of palliative care into Primary Health Care (PHC) is essential to expand humanization and comprehensiveness within the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS), especially for patients with serious or chronic life-threatening illnesses. Due to its capillarity, PHC allows for the early detection of such cases and the provision of continuous care. However, even with the National Policy on Palliative Care (PNCP), theoretical and practical gaps persist that hinder its effectiveness. This study aims to assess the importance of integrating palliative care into Brazilian PHC. Methods: This study is a literature review. Articles were searched in the LILACS, PubMed, and SciELO databases, using the descriptors “Palliative Care,” “Primary Health Care,” “Medical Education,” and “Comprehensive Health Care,” connected with the Boolean operator “AND.” Studies published in Portuguese, English, and Spanish, without time restrictions, that addressed the connection between palliative care and PHC were included. Results: National and international literature reveals that the early and multiprofessional introduction of palliative care leads to significant improvements in the quality of life of patients and families, in addition to reducing unnecessary hospitalizations and additional costs for health systems. In the community context, PHC represents a favorable environment for home-based care, promoting comfort, dignity, and stronger relationships with the health care team. However, challenges remain, such as the lack of qualified teams, the absence of clear protocols, and deficiencies in medical training on palliative care. These factors undermine the effectiveness of the PNCP and make it more difficult to establish a sustainable policy within PHC. Conclusion: The implementation of palliative care in PHC should be regarded not only as a clinical guideline but also as an ethical, social, and strategic requirement to strengthen comprehensiveness in SUS. To achieve this, it is essential to invest in continuous training of health teams, develop well-defined protocols for identification and referral, and recognize palliative care as a fundamental right inseparable from comprehensive health care.
GAS EXCHANGE AND DIFFUSION OF O2 AND CO2 IN THE LUNGS
Introduction: Gas exchange is a central phenomenon for human physiology, involving the continuous release of oxygen and the removal of carbon dioxide. In the lungs, exchanges are carried out through the alveolar-capillary membrane, controlled by diffusion and partial pressures of gases. The understanding of gas exchange in cardiovascular and respiratory biophysics allows the understanding of the fundamentals of the processes that underline cellular metabolism and homeostasis. Objective: The present study aimed to analyze the mechanisms of O2 and CO2 diffusion in the lungs in the light of cardiovascular and respiratory biophysics, highlighting the physical factors that can influence the efficiency of gas exchange. Methodology: A narrative literature review was carried out between July and September 2025. Searches were conducted in the PubMed, Scielo and Google Scholar databases, using the descriptors "gas exchange", "diffusion", "cardiovascular biophysics" and "respiratory biophysics" and. Articles published in the last ten years in English and Portuguese that addressed theoretical and experimental studies on alveolar diffusion, as well as its relationship with cardiac function, were included. Results: The results show that the diffusion of these gases in the alveoli behaves according to Fick's Law, which was shown to be influenced by variables such as surface area, membrane thickness and partial pressure gradients. The first variable leads part of the oxygen to diffuse from the alveoli to the pulmonary capillaries due to the higher partial alveolar pressure, with CO2 acting in the opposite direction, aided by its greater solubility and diffusion coefficient. Thus, cardiovascular biophysics maintains that cardiac output and the affinity of oxygen for hemoglobin are critical for the transport of gases correctly, according to what was found. When these parameters are altered, such as in the presence of respiratory and cardiac diseases, the efficiency of gas exchange is suboptimal, and hypoxia and hypercapnia may occur. Conclusion: Pulmonary gas exchange results from complex interactions between the respiratory and cardiovascular systems, governed by fundamental biological and physical laws. Understanding these mechanisms is essential for health professionals, as it guides clinical conduct and the development of therapeutic strategies in pathologies that affect respiratory and cardiovascular function.
THE SOVEREIGNTY OF JURY VERDICTS AND THE POSSIBILITY OF CRIMINAL REVIEW IN JURY TRIALS
This study examines the relationship between the constitutional sovereignty of jury verdicts (Federal Constitution, art. 5, XXXVIII) and criminal review under the exhaustive hypotheses of Code of Criminal Procedure art. 621. It is a bibliographic study that systematizes Brazilian doctrine and case law to identify admissibility criteria and the limits of review over jury decisions. The aim is to delineate, from the standpoint of legal certainty, the situations in which review may lead to acquittal, reclassification or disqualification, annulment of the trial, or sentence modification without infringing the sovereign will expressed by jurors. The method consisted of a critical analysis of scholarship and precedents, with emphasis on the construction of items I–III of art. 621 and on the requirement of new, reliable, and material evidence. The findings indicate that sovereignty is not absolute and yields in the face of manifest factual or legal error, decisions contrary to the record, or supervening evidence capable of producing a different outcome. The conclusion is that criminal review, when pursued under strict criteria and as an exceptional remedy, functions as a guarantee of substantive justice and a mechanism for correcting miscarriages, thereby reinforcing the credibility of jury trials.
LOGISTICAL EFFICIENCY IN HIGHER EDUCATION: COLOR CODING AS A STRATEGY FOR INVENTORY CONTROL
Efficient management of logistics processes in university warehouses constitutes a strategic element for ensuring the continuity of academic and administrative activities. In private higher education institutions, such processes assume even greater relevance due to budgetary constraints and the consequent need for resource optimization. Among the practices adopted to enhance inventory management, the methods of standardization, categorization, and visual control of inputs are noteworthy. The present study aimed to analyze and propose guidelines for improving inventory management in university warehouses, emphasizing the use of visual tools such as color coding and organizational methodologies, including the Kanban system and the ABC curve, with the objective of promoting greater control, traceability, and operational efficiency. This descriptive and exploratory research was based on a literature review and the analysis of practical experiences conducted in a private higher education institution. Documentary sources, case studies, and scientific articles addressing logistics practices applied to both institutional and industrial contexts were utilized. The practical experience examined consisted of the implementation of a visual color categorization system in the warehouse of the aforementioned institution. This classification system was adopted to facilitate the monitoring of the expiration dates of stored supplies. Products were marked as follows: red for items expiring in 2025, yellow for those expiring in 2026, and blue for those with an expiration date in 2027 or later. This visual systematization generated significant gains in the agility of material identification and separation, contributing to the prevention of losses resulting from expiration. When combined with standardized procedures and the use of tools such as Kanban and the ABC curve, the color categorization system enabled improved planning of purchases and replenishment based on actual demand. Furthermore, it was observed that the development and adoption of operational manuals strengthened item traceability and enhanced the accuracy of control routines. The experience described demonstrates that the integration of process management tools with visual categorization systems constitutes an effective strategy for optimizing the administration of university warehouses. The application of color coding proved to be an efficient resource for organizing and controlling inventories, fostering more assertive and sustainable decision-making. When systematized and aligned with a culture of continuous improvement, such practices contribute to institutional governance and the professionalization of resource management in private higher education institutions.
HE POLICE POWER OF THE ELECTORAL JUSTICE AND THE GUARANTEE OF THE NORMALITY OF ELECTIONS
The Electoral Justice, as a specialized branch of the Judiciary, plays a pivotal role in safeguarding the legitimacy and integrity of the electoral process through the exercise of its regulatory and supervisory authority, commonly referred to as police power. This prerogative manifests in its capacity to oversee and regulate electoral propaganda, the use of public assets and services, the conduct of public officials, as well as other practices that may compromise equality among candidates. The present study seeks to examine the concept, scope, and limitations of the Electoral Justice’s police power, elucidating how its enforcement contributes to the transparency and fairness of elections. The analysis encompasses relevant judicial decisions, applicable legislation, and doctrinal perspectives, thereby highlighting both the challenges and the effectiveness of the preventive and repressive measures adopted by the Electoral Justice. It concludes that, notwithstanding criticisms concerning the breadth of discretion afforded to the institution, police power constitutes an indispensable mechanism for ensuring the regularity of elections and upholding democratic principles.
FINANCING OF ELECTION CAMPAIGNS: TRANSPARENCY AND MONITORING
The financing of electoral campaigns is one of the most sensitive dimensions for maintaining democratic integrity. In Brazil, the prohibition of corporate financing, following the Supreme Federal Court’s decision in ADI 4.650/DF (2015), inaugurated a new phase based on public financing through the Special Campaign Financing Fund (FEFC). This study aims to comparatively analyze the impacts of public and private models on transparency, oversight, and electoral equity, considering their repercussions on the strengthening or weakening of democracy. Using a qualitative, exploratory, and bibliographic approach, reference works, official TSE data, and reports from the TCU and Transparency International were analyzed. The results indicate that public financing mitigated the direct influence of large economic groups but still presents distortions, such as the concentration of resources within party leadership and the underrepresentation of women’s and minority candidacies. Oversight of expenditures with public resources also proves deficient, with difficulties in traceability and the absence of effective sanctions. It is concluded that transparency and oversight do not depend exclusively on the model adopted but on the articulation between legal regulation, institutional control, and social participation. The study contributes to the debate on political reform and the need for mechanisms that ensure fairness in the electoral process.
SCHOOL VIOLENCE: PERSPECTIVES ON SOCIAL PERCEPTION AND THE APPLICATION OF LEGISLATION
School violence is configured as a social phenomenon of high complexity and relevance, directly impacting the daily routines of educational institutions, as well as the physical, psychological, and academic well-being of students, teachers, and other members of the school community. This study presents a curricular extension proposal developed by students and professors of the Law program at the Evangelical University of Goiás - Rubiataba Campus, structured in three stages: literature review on the subject, joint planning with the school community, and the implementation of a roundtable discussion in a full-time public school in the municipality of Rubiataba – GO, with the participation of teachers, coordinators, and the school management team. The objective was to identify the different manifestations of school violence, analyzing how the Federal Constitution of 1988, the Statute of the Child and Adolescent (ECA), and the Penal Code can serve as a foundation for the construction of preventive and repressive measures, as well as to discuss the importance of public policies aimed at protecting the school community and promoting an inclusive, welcoming, and safe environment. The methodological approach involved an interdisciplinary bibliographic survey in legal, social, and educational sources, articulated with participatory planning and the execution of the extension activity. The results indicated that episodes of physical, verbal, psychological aggressions, and even organized attacks in Brazilian schools have intensified the sense of insecurity, highlighting the need for greater integration between legislation, public policies, and pedagogical practices. The roundtable discussion made it possible to identify perceptions of the school community regarding the issue and contributed to strengthening dialogue as a coping strategy. It is concluded that the extension proposal played a significant role by integrating academic production and community practice, fostering debates capable of supporting new institutional and governmental actions aimed at ensuring security, respect, and the construction of peace within the educational environment.
Renner Matheus Coelho Matheus Coelho Silva
THE USE OF TECHNOLOGY IN THE BRAZILIAN ELECTORAL PROCESS: ADVANCES, RISKS, AND GUARANTEES OF SECURITY AND TRANSPARENCY
Contemporary democracy is based on the realization of free, secure, and transparent elections, with the Brazilian electoral process standing out internationally since the adoption of electronic voting machines in 1996. This study, of a qualitative and exploratory bibliographic nature, critically analyzes the use of technology in elections, drawing on academic, institutional, and legal documents, especially those produced by the Superior Electoral Court. The results indicate that electoral computerization has provided remarkable advances in efficiency, security, and transparency, significantly reducing the vote-counting time and strengthening the credibility of decisions. The introduction of mechanisms such as biometric identification and the polling station report contributed to reducing fraud and expanded oversight by political parties and civil society. Another relevant aspect is transparency, achieved through the disclosure of source codes and the possibility of external audits, enabling the participation of experts and social organizations in monitoring the process, an essential factor in building public trust. However, significant challenges remain, especially related to cybersecurity and the spread of disinformation. Attempts at digital attacks, even if they have not compromised the integrity of the system, reveal vulnerabilities inherent to computerized environments. The proliferation of false news, in turn, fuels distrust and directly affects electoral legitimacy. Moreover, logistical failures and occasional delays highlight the need for constant improvement in the training of staff and operational planning. In this context, the Brazilian model presents itself as a relevant case study for other democracies seeking to adopt or modernize electronic voting systems, by combining technological innovation, institutional rigor, and mechanisms of social participation. It is concluded that the computerized electoral process constitutes a significant democratic advance but requires continuous investments in technology, training, and public policies aimed at reducing emerging risks. The future of electronic voting in Brazil must balance innovation with caution, strengthening social trust and ensuring the legitimacy of the process.
UNDERSTANDING THE NEOCLASSICAL THEORY OF ADMINISTRATION
The Neoclassical Theory of Administration emerged in the 1950s as a response to the economic and social transformations of the post-World War II period, seeking to synthesize the emphasis on structure and efficiency of the Classical Theory with the valorization of the human factor from the Human Relations Theory. This approach recognizes organizations as complex systems composed of formal and informal elements that interact to achieve predefined objectives. The methodology adopted consists of extensive bibliographic research, including works by authors such as Peter F. Drucker and Idalberto Chiavenato. The fundamental principles of the Neoclassical Theory are explored, including the importance of division of labor, hierarchy, and specialization, which aim to maximize organizational efficiency. Although the approach faces criticism, especially regarding autocracy and the imposition of goals, the careful implementation of Management by Objectives (MBO) can prove to be an effective tool for increasing employee motivation and engagement. This article concludes that the Neoclassical Theory remains relevant for organizational management, providing a solid foundation to address the challenges of the dynamic environment of contemporary organizations.
PERSONAL SERVICE IN JURY PROCEEDINGS FAILURE TO PRESENT A NOTICE OF APPEAL OR TO INQUIRE ABOUT THE INTENTION TO APPEAL DOES NOT RENDER THE SERVICE NULL
This study argues that, in the personal service of a defendant regarding a pronúncia (committal) order or a conviction in jury proceedings, the failure to present a notice of appeal at the time of service or to ask about the defendant’s intention to appeal does not nullify the act of service. It is a descriptive-analytical, doctrinal inquiry reviewing criminal-procedure scholarship and pertinent case law to delineate the content and purpose of personal service. Methodologically, it identifies statutory bases and ratios decidendi holding that unequivocal notice to the defendant suffices for valid service, regardless of additional formalities, provided adversarial principles and the right to a defense are preserved. The findings indicate that service remains valid when it performs its informative function and the defendant has means and time to exercise the right to appeal; requiring a contemporaneous notice of appeal or an express inquiry into the intention to appeal is not a condition of validity. It concludes that declarations of nullity must follow the no-harm principle, avoiding sterile formalism and promoting efficiency in criminal proceedings.
FAILURE TO INFORM THE ACCUSED OF THE RIGHT TO REMAIN SILENT CONSTITUTES RELATIVE NULLITY CONTINGENT ON PROOF OF PREJUDICE
This paper analyzes the omission to advise defendants of their right to remain silent— a safeguard under Brazil’s Federal Constitution (art. 5, LXIII) and the American Convention on Human Rights (art. 8)—and its impact on the validity of procedural acts. It is a doctrinal and case-law review addressing constitutional and conventional grounds against self-incrimination, the principle of procedural instrumentalism, and Superior Court of Justice precedents, including Habeas Corpus 207,786/PR. The aim is to set practical criteria for recognizing (or rejecting) nullity where the defendant was not informed of the right to silence. Methodologically, the analysis considers whether, if duly warned, the defendant would have remained silent and whether that choice could have affected the defense. The findings indicate that nullity is relative: omission does not automatically invalidate the act and requires proof of concrete prejudice; mere formal error does not suffice. The conclusion is that requiring demonstrated prejudice reconciles protection against self-incrimination with procedural efficiency and distinguishes the scenario from absolute nullities, which do not require harm.
DISINFORMATION AND DIGITAL ELECTORAL CRIMES: CHALLENGES FOR DEMOCRACY
This study analyzes disinformation and digital electoral crimes as challenges to contemporary democracy, with an emphasis on combating fake news and the use of artificial intelligence in electoral campaigns. The objective was to understand how the spread of false information and the use of digital technologies affect the integrity of the Brazilian electoral process. The method used was bibliographical and documentary research, based on legislation, Superior Electoral Court resolutions, and recent academic works on the topic. The results indicated that disinformation compromises the free formation of voters' will, intensifies political polarization, and favors illicit practices. While artificial intelligence, while representing innovation in campaigns, can enhance content manipulation through deepfakes and mass messaging. The conclusion is that effectively addressing this phenomenon requires a combination of regulatory measures, firm action by the Electoral Court, accountability on the part of digital platforms, and media literacy policies, ensuring the protection of democracy in the digital age. Keywords: democracy; disinformation; digital electoral crimes; fake news; artificial intelligence.
THE ROLE OF DIGITAL INFLUENCERS ON PURCHASE INTENTION
This study investigates the influence of digital influencers on consumers' purchase intentions, focusing on the relationship between influencers and companies, as well as the importance of social media presence. A mixed-method approach was employed, combining quantitative data from questionnaires (n=169) distributed to followers of digital influencers in a small Brazilian city, and qualitative insights from workshops with experienced influencers. The results indicate that digital influencers play a significant role in consumers' purchasing decisions, with a constant presence on social media platforms, particularly Instagram, enhancing consumer trust in promoted brands. The findings highlight the effectiveness of influencer marketing strategies aligned with contemporary consumer behavior, emphasizing the need for strategic collaboration between brands and influencers to maximize impact.
DEMOCRACY IN THE NETWORK: LEGAL CHALLENGES OF ELECTORAL ADVERTISING ON THE INTERNET
Digital electoral advertising plays a pivotal role in the Brazilian democratic process by shaping communication between candidates and voters in the digital age. Social media platforms have transformed the dynamics of electoral campaigns, enabling more direct and interactive engagement, while simultaneously generating challenges such as the proliferation of disinformation and the misuse of personal data. The spread of fake news, amplified in the online environment, undermines the integrity of elections and produces legal implications in electoral, civil, and criminal domains. Although the Electoral Justice has advanced in regulating and supervising digital campaigning, it still struggles with the speed of online interactions and the absence of comprehensive legislation tailored to the digital reality. This study seeks to analyze the legal boundaries of electoral advertising in the digital era and the regulatory strategies designed to prevent abuses, thereby safeguarding popular sovereignty and fundamental rights. The research employed a qualitative and exploratory approach, based on bibliographic and documentary review, including academic studies, case law, and applicable legislation. Findings reveal that while social media has democratized political communication, it has also exacerbated risks of manipulation through disinformation and data misuse. Despite the efforts of the Electoral Justice, the lack of a modern and cohesive legal framework leaves significant gaps that compromise transparency and fairness in electoral disputes. Consequently, it is imperative to establish effective mechanisms that ensure the integrity of the democratic process by integrating legal modernization, institutional oversight, and civic awareness, while preserving transparency, accountability, and freedom of expression.
THE RELEVANCE OF UNSUITABLE CREDIT SECURITIES IN THE DIGITAL AGE: ADVANTAGES AND CHALLENGES
Improper credit instruments are those that do not apply the principles of traditional credit instruments—that is, they lack literality, legality, and autonomy, yet are relevant to business practices. Given constant historical transformations and the advent of the digital age, there is a growing emphasis on the use of these instruments, driven by the dematerialization of financial assets and the need for greater agility in commercial transactions. The electronic application of these instruments, however, faces challenges such as the lack of typical circulation, legal requirements for validity, and legal security issues. Despite this, digitalization offers opportunities, such as process simplification, cost reduction, and integration with banking systems and technology platforms. This summary aims to clarify and analyze the importance of improper credit instruments in the current context, highlighting the advantages and challenges in a context of growing technological innovation. The research was conducted using a bibliographic method and analysis of texts, doctrines, and laws related to the topic, consisting of a systematic reflective process. Traditional credit instruments cannot effectively keep up with digital transformations and the advancement of commercial relations, in addition to the exercise of formality and potential financial risks. Consequently, improper credit instruments have emerged, such as exchange contracts, book-entry duplicates, electronic checks, and digital promissory notes. With the digital transformation, these instruments are now issued, circulated, and executed electronically, reducing costs and optimizing processes, thus providing more efficient and secure means. However, there are many challenges to be addressed and important points that require special attention from legislators. The lack of paperwork and the complete dematerialization of securities require an efficient system to prevent fraud and duplicate issuances. Furthermore, the lack of specific regulations for some securities is noteworthy, creating legal uncertainty and compromising the trust of the parties in transactions. It can be concluded that the use of improper credit securities in the digital age represents an important step toward the modernization of commercial relations, but requires a balance between innovation and legal certainty. The digitalization of these instruments offers advantages, such as speed and cost reduction, but requires effective regulation and technological mechanisms that guarantee the authenticity and integrity of transactions.
CONCILIATION AND JUDICIAL MEDIATION: AN ANALYSIS OF PROCEDURAL EFFECTIVENESS AND SPEEDNESS IN THE COURT OF JUSTICE OF THE STATE OF GOIAS
This paper aims to analyze judicial conciliation and mediation through criteria of effectiveness, speed and reduction of demands specifically within the scope of the Court of Justice of Goiás. Initially, it seeks to conceptualize and highlight the relevance of the constitutional principles that govern Brazilian civil procedural law, such as speed and effectiveness, due process and, mainly for the purposes of this research, respect for the self-regulation of will. The latter, which concerns the freedom of the parties within the process, guarantees the formalization of procedural transactions, of which self-composition stands out. As well identified, the TJGO has received several awards from the National Council of Justice for the creation of incentives and its productivity regarding the National Conciliation Week. The research identified that the conduct of the aforementioned Court contributed to the results achieved, which, despite being negatively distant from the growth in demands, are considered economically satisfactory.
THE PROMISSORY NOTE FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF BRAZILIAN BUSINESS LAW
This paper analyzes promissory notes from the perspective of Brazilian Business Law, highlighting their legal nature, essential elements, and relevance in commercial relations. This is a bibliographical study based on the Uniform Geneva Law, incorporated into the Brazilian legal system by Decree No. 57.663/1966, as well as specialized doctrine and jurisprudence. A promissory note is a credit instrument that contains a pure and simple promise to pay a specified amount, within a previously defined timeframe and location. Its main distinguishing feature lies in its autonomy and enforceability, allowing the creditor to quickly collect the amount due through legal means in the event of default. In the corporate sphere, promissory notes play a strategic role, as they guarantee security for commercial transactions, enabling installment payments, and fostering the flow of credit. The research shows that the promissory note presents essential requirements for its validity, such as the name “promissory note” inserted in the text itself, the unconditional promise of payment, the name of the beneficiary, the date and place of issuance, the amount to be paid and the signature of the issuer. Furthermore, the possibility of endorsement expands its usefulness, allowing its transfer to third parties and strengthening its role as a guarantee and wealth circulation instrument. The results indicate that, despite technological advancements and the emergence of new payment methods, promissory notes continue to be widely used in the Brazilian market, especially in sectors that depend on credit and mutual trust between parties. Their simplicity, effectiveness, and legal support make them an efficient mechanism for concluding deals and reducing risks in business relationships. The conclusion is that promissory notes, by combining characteristics such as formality, autonomy, transferability, and enforceability, play a fundamental role in the dynamics of business activities, contributing to the stability of commercial relations and strengthening credit in the country.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SPIRITUALITY, WORK, AND HUMAN DIGNITY WITH RELIGION AS A STARTING POINT
This study investigates the relationship between spirituality, work, and human dignity, considering religion as a starting point for reflection and analysis. The objective is to understand how spirituality, understood as the capacity to connect with the Divine and to recognize shared values, can influence professional life by attributing deeper meaning and promoting emancipation. The research draws upon three key works: Mere Christianity by C.S. Lewis, The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism by Max Weber, and The Book That Made Your World by Vishal Mangalwadi. Lewis highlights the transformative role of faith and moral values in shaping human character and social relations. Weber examines how Protestant ethics, particularly Calvinism, influenced the rise of modern capitalism and the perception of work as a vocation. Mangalwadi emphasizes the biblical perspective of labor as a divine calling that enhances dignity, responsibility, and social progress. Methodologically, the study combined bibliographic research with a qualitative interview conducted with a professional engaged in the intersection of spirituality and work. Results indicate that spirituality positively impacts the workplace by fostering relationships based on love, justice, and empathy, while also reinforcing the understanding of work as a path to both personal and social transformation. The findings suggest that spirituality is not limited to religious rituals but extends to everyday relationships, offering a foundation for human dignity and emancipation in contemporary society. In conclusion, the study demonstrates that integrating spirituality into work contributes to ethical development, strengthens social cohesion, and provides meaning beyond economic necessity, transforming labor into a vocation that advances both individual and collective well-being.
THE FIRE THAT CONSUMES THE GREEN LEGAL ANALYSIS OF WILDFIRES AND GOVERNMENTAL ACTIONS TO GUARANTEE AN ECOLOGICALLY BALANCED ENVIRONMENT IN BRAZIL IN 2024
This scientific article aims to analyze the problem of wildfires in Brazil in 2024 from the perspective of environmental law, investigating the existing legal framework and governmental actions implemented to address this serious environmental issue. The research covers relevant legislation, quantitative aspects of wildfires (with the caveat of the availability of consolidated data), the performance of the federal government and the judiciary, as well as proposals for sustainable development as a way to mitigate negative impacts. The analysis seeks to identify weaknesses and advances in environmental protection, contributing to the debate on the need for more effective measures for the prevention and control of forest fires in the country.
USE OF HANDCUFFS IN THE JURY COURTROOM: EXCEPTIONALITY, WRITTEN JUSTIFICATION, AND EFFECTS ON THE VERDICT
This paper examines the use of handcuffs in Brazilian jury trials in light of the Federal Supreme Court’s Binding Precedent No. 11 and the Code of Criminal Procedure, determining when restraint is lawful, how it must be justified, and whether it may bias jurors. The aim is to delineate the exceptional nature of the measure, the requirement of written reasoning and record, and the procedural consequences of non-compliance (nullity and potential liability), while assessing impacts on human dignity and the presumption of innocence. Methodologically, it adopts a bibliographic, inductive approach based on documentary analysis of the CPP (Decree-Law No. 3,689/1941) and Binding Precedent No. 11, and discusses whether displaying a handcuffed defendant influences the verdict. The findings indicate that handcuffs are permissible only in cases of resistance, well-founded risk of escape, or danger to physical integrity, and the decision must be expressly recorded; exhibiting a handcuffed defendant may stigmatize him before the Jury Panel, so judges should prevent undue contamination and order removal when appropriate. It concludes that restraint is exceptional and dependent on written justification; disregard of the legal parameters entails nullity and potential liabilities, whereas judicial caution preserves dignity, the presumption of innocence, and the integrity of the verdict.
THE POLITICAL PARTICIPATION OF YOUTH AND THE PROMOTION OF VOTER REGISTRATION
The political participation of young people is essential for renewing democratic institutions and strengthening social rights. However, recent data indicate a growing disinterest in politics among youth, reflected in the decline of voter registration and reduced presence at the polls. This scenario raises concerns about the representativeness and legitimacy of future elected governments. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the importance of civic education and the promotion of political awareness as means to encourage youth participation in the electoral process. The methodology adopted consisted of a literature review, with critical analysis of academic articles, institutional reports, and statistical data on youth voting behavior, including reports from the Superior Electoral Court (TSE) and institutional campaigns carried out between 2018 and 2024. The results show that educational initiatives such as school debates, mock election projects, and voter registration incentive programs can generate greater interest and understanding among young people regarding their role in democracy. In addition, specific public policies that bring youth closer to political institutions—such as awareness campaigns promoted by the Electoral Justice—also significantly contribute to reversing political disengagement. It is concluded that continuous political education, starting from basic education and combined with modern and accessible communication strategies, is fundamental to awakening a sense of civic responsibility among young people. This promotes conscious and critical engagement in voting and other forms of political participation. Strengthening democracy requires valuing and actively including young people in collective decision-making processes.
DISINFORMATION AND FREEDOM: CONFLICTS IN ELECTORAL LAW
The dissemination of false news during electoral periods has become a significant challenge for contemporary democracies, especially in light of the popularization of social media. In Brazil, the impact of disinformation on the electoral process has generated debates about the boundaries between freedom of expression and the role of the State in combating this phenomenon. This study aims to analyze the conflicts between the protection of freedom of expression and the measures adopted to confront disinformation within the scope of Brazilian Electoral Law. It seeks to understand how the legal system has dealt with this tension. A qualitative methodology was employed, based on bibliographic review, legislative analysis, and examination of decisions of the Superior Electoral Court (TSE), particularly since the 2018 elections, when disinformation began to play a more evident role in the political arena. The results indicate that the Judiciary has adopted a more active stance in combating disinformation, which has generated criticism regarding possible excesses and risks to freedom of expression. Nevertheless, there is an effort to establish legal parameters to ensure the integrity of the electoral process without compromising fundamental rights. It is concluded that confronting disinformation must be based on clear and proportional legal criteria, ensuring that any limitations on freedom of expression do not turn into censorship but rather serve as legitimate instruments for the protection of democracy.
THE FIVE-YEAR LIMITATION PERIOD FOR THE COLLECTION OF TAXES SUBJECT TO OFFICIAL ASSESSMENT: STARTING POINT AND PRACTICAL EFFECTS
This paper examines the five-year limitation period for the judicial collection of taxes subject to official assessment, counting from the definitive assessment of the tax credit; it adopts a doctrinal approach combined with case-law analysis. It aims to delineate the starting point under Article 174 of Brazil’s National Tax Code (CTN), the effects of pending administrative proceedings on the running of the period, and the statutory grounds for interruption, as well as to assess impacts for taxpayers and the Treasury. Methodologically, it relies on a literature review, analysis of applicable legislation, and a survey of Superior Court of Justice precedents, focusing on the ratio decidendi and practical consequences. The findings indicate a consolidated understanding that the limitation period begins only after the tax credit becomes definitive and does not run during administrative litigation; once enforcement acts commence, the period may be interrupted on statutory grounds. Overall, the framework enhances predictability, legal certainty, and collection efficiency, provided that deadlines and procedural requirements are observed. It concludes that fixing the starting point at the definitive assessment, together with interruption rules, balances taxpayer protection against indefinite claims with the tax authority’s duty of diligence.
Objective liability of the State is characterized by the absence of the need to prove the agent’s fault, requiring only three elements: administrative act, damage, and causal link[1]. The administrative act covers any conduct attributable to the Public Administration, even if performed by an agent outside their official duties. Damage may be material or moral, and its proof is essential. The causal link requires that the harm directly results from the State’s conduct, excluding liability in cases of third-party actions or exclusive fault of the victim. Objective liability also applies to lawful administrative acts, provided the elements are present, as recognized by the Brazilian Supreme Court in cases of state intervention in the economic domain. The burden of proof may be reversed, requiring the State to demonstrate the absence of the liability elements. Contributory fault may reduce or exclude compensation, and unforeseeable events such as force majeure or fortuitous events may also exempt the State, depending on their inevitability and unpredictability.
STRUCTURAL AND HUMAN BALANCE IN THE APPLICATION OF NEOCLASSICAL THEORY TO EFFICIENCY
This study investigates how the application of the Neoclassical Theory of Administration can optimize efficiency and people management in the Brazilian dairy sector, especially on family farms. Using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), it was possible to identify the technical efficiency of the properties and the underutilization of resources. In addition to technical analysis, the study highlights the importance of public policies for modernization and training to address structural challenges, such as lack of technology and infrastructure. The comparison with economies such as South Korea and Taiwan illustrates how strategic investments in management and technology can increase productivity. It is concluded that the balance between structural efficiency and the valorization of human capital is fundamental for sustainable growth in the sector.
EVIDENCE EXTRACTED FROM PRIVATE E-MAIL AND SOCIAL-NETWORK MESSAGES WITHOUT PRIOR JUDICIAL AUTHORIZATION IS INADMISSIBLE
This paper examines the exclusion of evidence obtained by extracting data and private conversations from e-mail and social-network platforms (e.g., WhatsApp and Facebook) without a court order, and the downstream impact on derivative evidence. The introduction grounds the analysis in fundamental rights to privacy and to confidential communications (Federal Constitution, art. 5, X and XII) and in Brazil’s data-protection framework (LGPD), which bar warrantless access to private content. The aim is to set criteria for the (in)admissibility of digital evidence and for derivative contamination, while identifying narrow distinctions developed in case law. The method is a doctrinal and case-law review highlighting Superior Court of Justice rulings on unlawful access to WhatsApp chats, on WhatsApp Web mirroring, and on the application of the fruit-of-the-poisonous-tree doctrine to subsequent evidence. The findings show a baseline exclusionary rule for illegally obtained evidence and its fruits, subject to limited, context-driven distinctions—such as messages sent to corporate e-mail used as a work tool. The case law also equates messaging apps and social networks with traditional correspondence, reinforcing the need for a judicial warrant to access private content. The conclusion is that judicial authorization and data-integrity safeguards are prerequisites for valid digital evidence, and that the fruit-of-the-poisonous-tree doctrine protects fundamental rights and procedural integrity.
"BETWEEN STORIES AND EXPERIENCES: WORKSHOP ON LITERACY AND INTERSECTIONALITY"
This report describes the experience of developing a group script and activity for the implementation of a workshop with workers from NASSA (Núcleo de Apoio à Saúde do Servidor de Anápolis), aimed at promoting reflections on literacy and intersectionality in the context of workers’ health. The workshop sought to create a space for dialogue and knowledge exchange, addressing how gender, race, and social class issues intersect in these women’s lives and directly impact their health, rights, and daily work experiences. This work was carried out by Group 4 of the PET-Saúde Equidade Program and aimed to develop and apply a script for a workshop on literacy and intersectionality. Initially, a conceptual review of the topics was conducted, followed by the collective construction of the script, including dynamics, audiovisual resources, and moments of dialogue with the audience. After completion, the script was applied as a rehearsal with the PET-Saúde student group itself, allowing practical experimentation and refinement of the proposals. This phase had a methodological and formative character, enabling the assessment of the clarity of the facilitation, the relevance of the activities, and the appropriateness of the language used. The dynamic will later be applied to the target population. During the script construction, the group recognized the importance of integrating theoretical concepts in an accessible way connected to participants’ realities, using resources such as videos, film excerpts, and guided discussions, structuring the entire dynamic through a discussion circle so that participants could freely express themselves at any time. The selection of the short film Corpo Preto and the development of interactive activities were evaluated as effective strategies to provoke critical reflection on literacy and intersectionality. In the workshop rehearsal with the PET-Saúde group, important aspects were revealed: the need for better time management, the importance of building a collective word map to create content together with participants, the relevance of guiding questions to stimulate active participation, and the power of teamwork in facilitating the workshop. Additionally, the exercise demonstrated how the simulation process itself promoted students’ literacy and expanded collective understanding of equity and intersectionality. In conclusion, the creation of the group workshop project was a transformative experience, capable of sensitizing and mobilizing workers to reflect on the social determinants of health that affect them, reinforcing the importance of health education as a tool for empowerment and comprehensive care.
Susan Gonçalves Oliveira Mendes Siqueira
The objective of this monograph was to investigate the concept of an Unconstitutional State of Affairs (ECI) in the context of the Brazilian prison system, analyzing the application of this concept by the Federal Supreme Court (STF) in the judgment of Argument for Non-compliance with a Fundamental Precept (ADPF) No. 347. The study examined the origins of this concept in the Colombian Constitutional Court and its adaptation to Brazil, highlighting the structural flaws that have generated serious violations of prisoners’ human rights. The methodology included a bibliographical review, analysis of relevant doctrines and research and a case study of the ADPF No. 347, as well as empirical research in the Itapuranga-GO prison unit, using a questionnaire sent to the director. As a result, the work pointed to deficiencies in the prison system in Itapuranga, confirming the presence of elements characteristic of the ECI. It was concluded that the effectuation of prisoners’ fundamental rights required structural interventions and the adoption of the proposed judicial measures, illustrating the importance of judicial activism and mechanisms of constitutionality control for the promotion of justice and human dignity in the prison system. Keywords: ADPF 347. Affairs. State. Unconstitutional. Traduzido por Adair José Justino Cassimiro Professor Licenciado em Letras Português/Inglês pela Universidade Estadual de Goiás (UEG).
THE UNBORN CHILD AS A PERSON AND ITS LEGAL TREATMENT UNDER BRAZILIAN LAW
This scientific article analyzes the legal status of the unborn child (nascituro) within the Brazilian legal system, addressing its condition as a subject of rights from the moment of conception, albeit without full legal personality. The unborn child, a human being conceived and in intrauterine development, holds a central position in debates concerning human dignity and fundamental rights, particularly in the context of ongoing discussions about possible legislative changes regarding the acceptance of abortion. The research adopts a qualitative approach, based on a literature review and legislative and doctrinal analysis, drawing on authors such as Gonçalves (2023), Diniz (2023), and Tartuce (2025). Three key aspects are examined: the civil capacity of the unborn child, the acquisition of legal personality, and the legal effects attributed to conception. The study highlights the coexistence of different legal theories—natalist, conceptionist, and conditional—which influence normative interpretation in Brazil. Despite the formal adoption of the natalist theory by the Civil Code, which defines the beginning of legal personality as birth with life, there is significant doctrinal and jurisprudential recognition of rights granted to the unborn from conception, such as inheritance rights, prenatal child support (alimentos gravídicos), and the right to life. This represents a significant shift within Brazilian law across its various branches. Infraconstitutional legislation and international treaties, such as the American Convention on Human Rights (Pact of San José, Costa Rica), also guarantee protection for the unborn. The study concludes that Brazilian law, although maintaining formal limitations, is evolving toward providing substantial legal protection to the unborn, in alignment with the constitutional principles of human dignity and the full protection of life. The analysis underscores the importance of legal interpretations that reconcile positive law with scientific advancements and the fundamental values of the Democratic Rule of Law.
GLOBALIZATION AND FUNDAMENTALISM: UNDERSTANDING, DISCUSSIONS, AND REFLECTIONS
This article analyzes globalization and fundamentalism as interconnected phenomena that shape contemporary society. The study aims to understand how globalization facilitates the rapid dissemination of extremist ideologies, intensifies cultural conflicts, and contributes to the rise of religious fundamentalism. Methodologically, the research adopts a theoretical review based on the works of C.S. Lewis, Vishal Mangalwadi, Max Weber, Anthony Giddens, and Philip W. Sutton, complemented by an empirical interview with a Master Mason from the Masonic Lodge Templários do Bem nº 1498. The analysis highlights the accelerated circulation of ideas enabled by technological development, the role of charismatic leaders in mobilizing masses, and the defensive reactions of local cultures to global pressures. The results demonstrate that globalization, while fostering cultural diversity and economic opportunities, also exacerbates inequalities, challenges traditional identities, and provides fertile ground for extremism. The interview reinforces these findings, indicating how global interconnectedness exposes societies to ideological conflicts while also offering opportunities for dialogue and cooperation. The discussion emphasizes Lewis’s view of the search for spirituality in modern contexts, Mangalwadi’s defense of biblical principles as foundations for justice and human dignity, and Weber’s interpretation of charismatic authority and the "disenchantment of the world." In conclusion, the study underscores the paradox of globalization: it connects people and cultures while simultaneously destabilizing identities and stimulating fundamentalist responses. Addressing these challenges requires inclusive policies, intercultural dialogue, and a balance between global integration and the preservation of cultural and religious traditions.
INSURANCE CONSUMPTION RELATIONS BY SMALL RURAL PRODUCERS
Knowing that there are important obstacles to the penetration of rural insurance among family agricultural producers, it is important to note the repercussions resulting from the insured not receiving compensation due to confusing clauses provided for in insurance policies, more precisely in their special and general conditions. It is patent to discuss, therefore, the relationships arising from the securitization of rural economic activities, or rather, agribusiness, and the demand for the protections of the Consumer Protection Code. The guiding hypothesis of the work considers a certain worsening of the vulnerability of small rural producers in a consumer relationship involving banks and insurance companies. Hence the reason for the study to point out the impact of consumer protections in promoting the economic activity carried out by small rural producers, notably when such activity is, or at least should be, protected by taking out a type of insurance. Knowing that there are important obstacles to the penetration of rural insurance among family agricultural producers, it is important to note the repercussions resulting from the insured not receiving compensation due to confusing clauses provided for in insurance policies, more precisely in their special and general conditions. It is patent to discuss, therefore, the relationships arising from the securitization of rural economic activities, or rather, agribusiness, and the demand for the protections of the Consumer Protection Code. The guiding hypothesis of the work considers a certain worsening of the vulnerability of small rural producers in a consumer relationship involving banks and insurance companies. Hence the reason for the study to point out the impact of consumer protections in promoting the economic activity carried out by small rural producers, notably when such activity is, or at least should be, protected by taking out a type of insurance.
JEALOUSY, BY ITSELF, DOES NOT CONSTITUTE A BASE MOTIVE
This study examines whether jealousy, taken alone, can ground the qualifying circumstance of a “base motive” in crimes such as homicide, setting criteria to distinguish understandable emotion from legally relevant vileness. It departs from the paper’s core question — whether jealousy by itself qualifies the offence — and recognizes that the intensity and forms of manifestation of this feeling may influence legal classification without entailing automatic qualification. The aim is to provide subsumption parameters and avoid presumptions that detach the analysis from the factual context. Methodologically, it adopts an analytical, interdisciplinary literature review (law, psychology and neuroscience) covering scholarship, scientific articles and case law. The findings indicate that, although jealousy may be present in blameworthy behaviour, it does not, by itself, amount to baseness: the qualifier requires additional, objectively reprehensible circumstances (ignoble ends, cruelty, abjection) that heighten the motive’s censure. It concludes that subsumption must consider the full evidentiary record: mere invocation of jealousy — absent other elements showing lowness — is insufficient to qualify the crime on grounds of baseness.
INTRODUCTION: Ineligibilities are part of negative political rights, consisting of rules that prevent certain citizens from exercising passive electoral capacity. They are divided into absolute, provided exclusively in the Federal Constitution, such as those who are not registered to vote and illiterates (FC, art. 14, § 4); and relative (FC, art. 14, §§ 5 to 9), which may be provided for in constitutional and infraconstitutional rules, classified as functional, reflexive, military, and legal ineligibilities. In the latter group, the Complementary Law No. 135/2010 (“Clean Record Law”) stands out. OBJECTIVE: This paper aims to analyze the cases of ineligibility established by Complementary Law No. 135/2010, as well as its impacts on the scope of negative political rights, with an emphasis on the principle of electoral morality. METHOD: A bibliographical and documentary research was carried out, based on technical studies by the Superior Electoral Court (TSE), the Electoral Justice, and legal doctrines. The interpretative method is presented through the compilation of direct documentation studies, under a qualitative approach. RESULTS: The Clean Record Law, a popular initiative, reformed Complementary Law No. 64/1990 by expanding the cases of ineligibility based on candidates’ prior conduct. Among the innovations, the following stand out: extension of the ineligibility period to eight years; inclusion of new crimes; removal of the requirement for a final and unappealable judgment (a decision by a collective judicial body is sufficient); and the application of ineligibility to situations such as simulated marital separation, illegal vote buying, and ethical-professional sanctions. CONCLUSION: The Clean Record Law represents a milestone in strengthening democratic institutions by establishing stricter moral criteria for holding elected office, promoting greater integrity in the electoral process.
APPLICABILITY OF ARTICLE 170-A OF THE NATIONAL TAX CODE (CTN) TO TAX UNDUE PAYMENTS ARISING FROM UNCONSTITUTIONALITY
This paper examines the applicability of Article 170-A of Brazil’s National Tax Code (CTN) to undue tax payments arising from unconstitutional statutes and adopts a doctrinal approach combined with case-law analysis. It aims to determine whether, and to what extent, the prohibition of set-off before res judicata applies when the undue payment results from an assessment grounded on an unconstitutional law, distinguishing the effects on judicial refund and administrative set-off. The method consists of a literature review and a survey of superior court precedents, focusing on the ratio decidendi and practical consequences for taxpayers and the Treasury. The findings indicate that prevailing case law extends Article 170-A to cases of undue payments due to unconstitutionality, conditioning set-off on the final and unappealable judgment that recognizes the tax’s unenforceability, while not barring refund (repetição de indébito) after a definitive decision and subject to statutory procedures. It concludes that applying Article 170-A in these scenarios promotes legal certainty and fiscal balance, ensuring recovery of unduly paid amounts either by refund or set-off, in accordance with legal requirements and limitation periods.
Considerations about School Management at IF Goiano: Institutional Development Plan and Democratic Participation
School management plays a crucial role in achieving educational goals, and democratic principles are essential for its effectiveness. This study analyzes the democratic management framework within the Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano (IF Goiano), Brazil, focusing on the role of its Institutional Development Plan (Plano de Desenvolvimento Institucional - PDI) in fostering community participation. This qualitative research employs bibliographic and documentary analysis, examining the 2019-2023 PDI and related institutional documents alongside Brazilian educational legislation and theoretical frameworks. The results demonstrate that the PDI is a strategic instrument for guiding democratic management, emphasizing transparency, accountability, and the active inclusion of the academic community in decision-making processes. Key mechanisms include the Superior Council (Conselho Superior) and the College of Leaders (Colégio de Dirigentes), which aim to bridge the geographical distance between the central administration and the dispersed campuses. The study concludes that democratic management, as structured by the PDI, is a priority for IF Goiano, aligning with national legal guidelines and contributing to educational quality and equity. The findings have implications for other educational institutions under the Brazilian Ministry of Education's regulations.
ASPECTS OF POLICE POWER WITHIN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND ITS LIMITATIONS
Police Power is a type of administrative power, legally provided in Article 78 of Law No. 5,172/1966, consisting of the Public Administration’s authority to restrict and condition the exercise of rights and private activities to protect collective interests. It can be understood broadly, encompassing all state actions that limit individual freedom for the benefit of society, or narrowly, referring to administrative activities granting agents the prerogative to limit freedom and property. Two types are identified: administrative police, focused on individual activities and preventive in nature; and judicial police, directed at individuals responsible for offenses and mainly repressive. Police Power may be exercised directly by government entities (Direct Administration) or delegated to public or private legal entities. It unfolds in four stages: legislation, consent, supervision, and sanction. Its main attributes are discretion, self-executing authority, and coercibility.
The Crime of Negligent Homicide Due to Recklessness in Traffic According to the Brazilian Traffic Code and the Penal Code
This study addresses the legal treatment of negligent homicide in traffic caused by reckless conduct, as provided by the Brazilian Traffic Code (CTB) and the Penal Code. Considering the high number of fatal traffic accidents and discussions about the effectiveness of current penalties, the research aims to evaluate the (un)necessity of reclassifying applicable sanctions for this type of crime. Through a qualitative approach and document analysis, the work examines the difference between eventual intent and conscious negligence, the practical application of penalties, and the effectiveness of sanctions in ensuring the educational and punitive nature of sentences. The results suggest that current legislation may not fully meet social expectations of justice and prevention, indicating the importance of public policies and more intensive enforcement to reduce traffic accidents.
EVIDENCE EXTRACTED FROM PRIVATE E-MAIL AND SOCIAL-NETWORK MESSAGES WITHOUT PRIOR COURT AUTHORIZATION IS INADMISSIBLE.
This paper examines the inadmissibility, in criminal proceedings, of evidence obtained by extracting data and private conversations from e-mail and social-network platforms (e.g., WhatsApp and Facebook) without prior judicial authorization, as well as the effects of the fruit-of-the-poisonous-tree doctrine on derivative evidence. It is a doctrinal and case-law review that systematizes the constitutional exclusionary rule (Federal Constitution, art. 5, LVI), the framework of the Brazilian Internet Bill of Rights, and higher-court decisions concerning the seizure of private messages by the police without judicial oversight. The aim is to set criteria for (in)admissibility of communicational data, to identify when illegality taints downstream evidence, and to point out limited distinctions—such as communications sent to corporate accounts functioning as work tools. The method consisted of critically analyzing scholarship and case law, with emphasis on chain of custody requirements and the need for a court order to access private communications. The findings show: (i) the exclusion of illegally obtained evidence and its fruits, subject to independent-source and inevitable-discovery exceptions; (ii) the nullity of evidence extracted from messaging apps absent a court order, with consequent suppression; and (iii) a distinction in precedents regarding messages sent to corporate e-mail or work tools, where no reasonable expectation of privacy was recognized. It concludes that respecting judicial warrant requirements and evidentiary chain of custody is a condition for valid digital evidence, and that the fruit-of-the-poisonous-tree doctrine safeguards procedural integrity and fundamental rights.
INTERVENTIONS ON BARRIERS TO ADOLESCENTS’ PARTICIPATION IN PHYSI-CAL ACTIVITY: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Physical inactivity is a significant public health concern among adolescents, with three out of four failing to meet the recommended levels of physical activity (PA). This scenario stems from various barriers that hinder engagement in regular PA. To assess the effectiveness of interventions aimed at reducing barriers to PA participation in adolescents. This is a systematic literature review structured according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA 2020). Searches were conducted in five databases: PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science. Thirty-four studies explored interventions to overcome barriers to PA, addressing lack of motivation, support, and intrapersonal, interpersonal, and environmental obstacles. Most studies were conducted in developed countries, with a particular focus on girls, aiming to reduce health inequalities. The interventions—implemented mainly in schools—included workshops, training sessions, lectures, goal setting, and practical activities, lasting from four weeks to four years. Twenty-seven studies (79.4%) reported positive outcomes, especially those addressing psychosocial, psychological, and behavioral barriers. The most effective interventions combined theoretical (educational approaches) and practical (activity-based) components. This systematic review, which included studies on barriers to physical activity among adolescents, highlights the effectiveness of diverse approaches, such as adapted school programs and educational campaigns. These strategies are crucial for overcoming obstacles like demotivation and lack of encouragement, promoting greater adolescent participation in PA and significant improvements in overall health.
ELECTRONIC VOTING AND THE SECURITY OF BRAZILIAN ELECTIONS
This study analyzes the security of Brazilian electronic voting machines, a system that, since 1996, has fully computerized the electoral process in the country. This technological innovation represented a landmark in the nation’s democratic history, providing greater speed in vote counting and eliminating manual stages susceptible to errors and manipulation. As a result, it became possible to announce election results almost immediately after the polls closed, strengthening the principle of promptness and significantly contributing to the credibility of the electoral system. Computerization also expanded popular participation, as it facilitated the exercise of voting, especially in remote areas or locations with limited infrastructure. In addition, electronic voting machines have enabled access to a more inclusive and secure electoral process, reflecting the technological advances incorporated by Brazil’s public administration. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of existing protection mechanisms, identify potential vulnerabilities, and propose improvements to strengthen the security and transparency of the electoral process. The methodology was based on the analysis of legal and technical articles and research, considering electoral principles, the audits carried out, and the information security standards adopted by the Superior Electoral Court (TSE). The results show that voting machines include various protection measures, such as physical seals, public audits, civil society participation, and technical tests conducted by specialists. It is concluded that, although there are criticisms and aspects that can be improved, electronic voting machines are, in essence, secure. However, it is essential to continuously invest in oversight and auditing mechanisms.
DIGITAL DISINFORMATION AND CRISIS OF LEGITIMACY: CHALLENGES AND PERSPECTIVES OF BRAZILIAN ELECTORAL LAW
Introduction: In 2022, the Superior Electoral Court (TSE) enacted Resolution No. 23.714, which addresses the fight against disinformation, adopted with the aim of mitigating the effects of the spread of “fake news,” by imposing sanctions on those who disseminate untrue content. This measure seeks to ensure the transparency of elections and protect trust in the institutions responsible for managing the electoral process.Objective: The objective of this study is to present the problems currently faced by the Electoral Justice and analyze their impacts on the future of Brazilian legislation. Method: The methodology adopted in this research was a bibliographic review, carried out through consultation of scientific articles and legal websites, published between 2020 and 2023.Results: The electoral period between 2018 and 2022 was marked by the dissemination of illegitimate content that affected the credibility of the electoral process and the image of several candidates. As a result, the instability generated by the circulation of such information, often with the intent of damaging opposing candidacies, culminated in the events of January 8, 2023, with the invasion of the headquarters of the Three Branches of Government. The lack of credibility in the election results, aggravated by the spread of fake news, compromised the integrity of the electoral process. As a consequence of legislative gaps, the creation of specific norms for the digital context became urgent.Conclusion: Therefore, electoral legislation needs constant updates to deal with the impact of technology. Legislative reforms and interprofessional collaboration will be able to address the gaps arising from outdated rules.
THE APPLICATION OF THE PRINCIPLE OF INSIGNIFICANCE IN THE CURRENT BRAZILIAN LEGAL SCENARIO
The present study aims to analyze the principle of insignificance in Brazilian Criminal Law, with a particular focus on its applicability in cases of recidivism. To this end, both objective and subjective criteria that support the application of this principle were examined, as well as the jurisprudential divergences between the Federal Supreme Court (STF) and the Superior Court of Justice (STJ) regarding its admissibility in the context of repeated offenses. Methodologically, the research was carried out through bibliographic review and case law analysis, adopting a qualitative approach with descriptive and explanatory character. It was found that, although the principle of insignificance operates as an exclusion of typicity, promoting a minimal and proportional Criminal Law, its application in situations involving recidivism faces resistance in part of the jurisprudence especially from the STJ, which tends to prohibit its use when criminal habituality is present. Conversely, the STF, in exceptional cases, has admitted the application of the principle even to repeat offenders, provided that minimal offensiveness of the conduct, absence of social dangerousness, and the insignificance of the harm to the legally protected interest are demonstrated. It is concluded that the careful application of the principle of insignificance is essential to avoid disproportionate punishments, reduce unnecessary imprisonment, and ensure the protection of fundamental rights, in line with the principles of proportionality, human dignity, and minimal intervention.
Evangelical Educational Association and Its Influence on Social Formation
This study analyzes the origin and influence of the Evangelical Educational Association (AEE) on education and the social development of Goiás since 1947. The research aims to understand how the AEE, grounded in Christian principles, has contributed to the educational and moral formation of society in Goiás. Drawing on Émile Durkheim’s theory of moral education and Vishal Mangalwadi’s perspective on the integration of biblical values in learning, the study highlights the relationship between education, morality, and social cohesion. Methodologically, it combines historical research, theoretical analysis, and direct observation at UniEVANGÉLICA. The results demonstrate that the AEE has consistently promoted academic excellence while emphasizing moral, ethical, and spiritual development. Programs such as the Volunteer Initiative “Hands for Good” and the extension project “Law in Action: Legal Guidance for Citizenship” exemplify the institution’s integration of social responsibility with education. The conclusion reinforces that the AEE plays a crucial role in forming ethical and responsible citizens, strengthening Christian values, and contributing to a fairer and more supportive society.
THE SOVEREIGNTY OF THE JURY VERDICT DOES NOT BAR VACATING THE DECISION THROUGH CRIMINAL REVIEW
This paper examines the compatibility between the sovereignty of jury verdicts and setting aside convictions by means of the criminal review action, specifying the prerequisites and limits of this extraordinary remedy so as not to infringe the Jury Court’s constitutional remit. It recognizes sovereignty (Federal Constitution, art. 5, XXXVIII) as a fundamental—yet not absolute—principle and views criminal review (Code of Criminal Procedure, art. 621) as a post-final-judgment safeguard to correct miscarriages of justice upon new evidence of innocence, false evidence, newly discovered facts, or manifest error. The aim is to show how the legal system reconciles the authority of the verdict with the need to correct injustice. Methodologically, it adopts a normative-case-law analysis and examines applications in concrete cases based on the relevant legislation and the protective purpose of review. The findings indicate that criminal review does not replace jurors’ fact-finding; rather, it functions as a safety valve to annul tainted decisions and, where appropriate, order a new jury trial, thereby preserving sovereignty by resubmitting the case to the people. It concludes that review safeguards fundamental rights and the integrity of proceedings by allowing the exceptional correction of evident errors and unjust convictions.
ELECTORAL PROPAGANDA IN THE DIGITAL AGE: LEGAL LIMITS AND REGULATORY CHALLENGES
Technological advances and the rise of social media have transformed electoral campaigning, which was once restricted to traditional media, expanding its reach and political participation. However, this evolution has brought legal and regulatory challenges, such as the spread of disinformation, the use of algorithms for voter targeting, and the lack of transparency in campaign financing. In Brazil, particularly during the 2018 elections, these factors impacted the democratic process, highlighting the need to rethink the limits of digital electoral advertising to balance freedom of expression with the integrity of the electoral process. This study aims to analyze the legal limits and regulatory challenges faced by digital electoral advertising in Brazil. A qualitative, exploratory, and descriptive approach is adopted, using the legal-deductive method. The research is based on bibliographic and documentary analysis of legislation such as the Federal Constitution, the Electoral Code, Law No. 9,504/1997, and Law No. 13,488/2017, as well as resolutions from the Superior Electoral Court (TSE). The results show that the introduction of electoral propaganda on digital platforms has expanded the reach and interaction between candidates and voters, but it has also intensified problems such as the spread of fake news and the misuse of algorithms for targeting. The 2018 elections demonstrated the impact of these practices on Brazilian democracy, leading the Superior Electoral Court to adopt measures such as partnerships with social networks and programs to combat misinformation. Despite the advances, difficulties remain in quickly identifying and removing illicit content, which highlights the need for stronger regulations and media literacy to strengthen conscious political participation. It is concluded that, despite legislative advances and actions by the Superior Electoral Court, digital electoral propaganda still faces challenges such as fake news and limited oversight. Therefore, it is essential to invest in effective regulation and media literacy to preserve the integrity of the democratic process.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE MEDIA ON ELECTORAL DECISIONS: HOW FAR DOES THE POWER OF INFORMATION GO?
This paper aims to analyze the impact of the media on public opinion formation and voter decision-making during presidential elections, considering traditional media (television, radio, and print newspapers) and digital platforms. Based on a literature review, we sought to understand how media exposure, agenda selection, news coverage, political marketing strategies, and the dissemination of misinformation affect perceptions of candidates. We discuss the effects of agenda-setting and framing on political image construction and the boundaries between information, manipulation, and voter autonomy. The study also proposes a reflection on the role of the media as an opinion-forming agent or as a mirror of already established trends among the electorate. The growing influence of social media and engagement algorithms is also addressed, especially in light of the post-truth phenomenon. We conclude that, although voters have critical capacity, the media has a strong potential to direct and select content, directly impacting the course of the democratic process.
A DECISION RECOGNIZING TAX IMMUNITY IS DECLARATORY AND PRODUCES RETROACTIVE EFFECTS TO THE DATE THE LEGAL REQUIREMENTS WERE MET
This article analyzes the legal nature of decisions that recognize tax immunity and argues for their declaratory character, with retroactive effects (ex tunc) to the moment the constitutional and statutory requirements for the benefit were met. The objective is to identify the normative and case-law foundations of such retroactivity and to map its practical consequences for tax enforceability, assessment, refunds of undue payments, and the applicability of penalties and interest. The method is doctrinal and case-law based, examining the Federal Constitution and the National Tax Code, as well as higher-court precedents, and distinguishing tax immunity - understood as a constitutional limitation on taxing power - from exemptions and non-incidence. The findings indicate that immunity operates as a negative rule of competence: immune facts or taxpayers lie outside the taxable field, so judicial or administrative decisions merely declare a preexisting situation; it follows that tax credits asserted after the requirements were fulfilled are unenforceable, taxpayers are entitled to refunds of amounts unduly collected, and penalties tied to default do not apply. It concludes that embracing the declaratory nature of immunity, together with standardized administrative procedures to verify the requirements and due regard to any effect-modulation by the Supreme Court, enhances legal certainty, prevents unconstitutional collection, and streamlines refunds, thereby preserving systemic coherence.
Socio-emotional education has gained increasing recognition as a fundamental pillar in the holistic development of children and adolescents. In a world that is ever more complex and interconnected, the ability to identify, understand, and manage one’s own
Socio-emotional education has gained increasing recognition as a fundamental pillar in the holistic development of children and adolescents. In a world that is ever more complex and interconnected, the ability to identify, understand, and manage one’s own emotions, as well as to develop empathy and social skills, becomes crucial for both individual and collective well-being (Colagrossi & Vassimon, 2017). This study analyzes the importance of including an emotions scavenger hunt in the school environment, aiming to promote children’s socio-emotional development. It is an integrative literature review, conducted through studies and analyses of scientific articles, prioritizing works that emphasize playfulness and socio-emotional skills. The review found that introducing the emotions scavenger hunt in schools aims not only at teaching emotions such as joy, sadness, anger, fear, surprise, and love, but also at fostering empathy, self-awareness, respect for differences, and healthy relationships among children. The use of such playful activities in the school context contributes to shaping more balanced, aware individuals who are better prepared for the challenges of life in society
OBJECTS OF DUBIOUS LAWFULNESS AND CONTRACTUAL RELATIONS
This study discusses the importance of verifying the lawfulness of objects in contractual relations to ensure greater legal security for the involved parties. Additionally, it addresses the legal and ethical implications of receiving stolen goods, a crime with penal consequences that directly affects the moral and ethical lives of those involved. In a scenario of increasing complexity in contractual transactions, ensuring the lawfulness of objects is essential to avoid legal disputes and protect the parties. Through the analysis of legislation, doctrine, case law, and jurisprudence, this study aims to guide not only the academic public but also the community, contributing to awareness about lawfulness in contractual relations.
JURISDICTION OVER LATROCÍNIO (ROBBERY RESULTING IN DEATH) LIES WITH THE BENCH, NOT WITH THE JURY
This paper analyzes jurisdiction for prosecuting and adjudicating latrocínio (robbery resulting in death) in Brazilian criminal law and explains why, despite the lethal outcome, it does not fall within the Jury’s remit. It is a doctrinal and case-law review that systematizes the legal nature of latrocínio as a property offense aggravated by result—rather than an intentional crime against life—and the consequences of that classification for determining the natural judge. The aim is to set out the normative grounds and judicial criteria that assign jurisdiction to a single-judge court, distinguishing it from the jury-trial procedure. The method consisted of examining scholarship, article 157(3)(II) of the Penal Code, and decisions that apply the amotio/apprehensio theory to the consummation of robbery, under which mere removal of the thing suffices without requiring peaceful possession; the possibility of attempt where the victim survives is also considered. The findings indicate that latrocínio is a complex offense (robbery plus homicide, with animus necandi) that predominantly protects property; therefore, the death result does not shift jurisdiction to the Jury. It concludes that improper submission to the Jury entails absolute lack of jurisdiction, nullifying the trial and requiring remand to the competent court, thereby preserving typological coherence and the natural-judge principle.
The spread of disinformation in the digital environment represents one of the greatest challenges to the integrity of the electoral process in contemporary democracies. This paper analyzes the impacts of the dissemination of fake news, especially during electoral periods, and the use of technologies such as artificial intelligence to manipulate public opinion. The research, based on bibliographic and documentary sources, addresses the application of Law No. 9.504/1997 in relation to digital electoral crimes and examines the role of social networks and messaging platforms in the circulation of misleading content. It is observed that technological tools, when used to personalize discourse and micro-target voters, can undermine freedom of choice and equal conditions among candidates.The study also highlights the importance of the actions taken by the Superior Electoral Court (TSE), such as the Program to Combat Disinformation, and advocates for the need for media education as a preventive strategy. Despite institutional progress, challenges remain in regulating digital platforms and holding the authors of manipulative content accountable. It concludes that protecting democracy requires a joint effort between the State, civil society, and technology companies, focusing on effective regulation, algorithmic transparency, and the critical education of voters.The creation of specific legal frameworks and the strengthening of digital citizenship are essential measures to ensure the legitimacy of elections and the preservation of the Democratic Rule of Law.
DIGITAL DISINFORMATION AND ELECTORAL LAW: CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS TO STRENGTHEN THE LEGITIMACY OF ELECTIONS
The research analyzes how disinformation spreads rapidly on social media during Brazilian elections, affecting voters’ trust and intensifying polarization. Algorithms that prioritize content confirming preexisting beliefs create “information bubbles,” expanding the reach of fake news and undermining the integrity of the electoral process. The study aims to understand how digital disinformation challenges the legitimacy of the electoral process in Brazil and, based on this analysis, to suggest recommendations that strengthen democracy. A qualitative approach was used, based on a systematic literature review and an interpretive analysis of emblematic cases of false-news propagation. This methodology made it possible to identify dissemination mechanisms and the impacts of digitalmanipulation strategies. The combination of automated accounts (bots) and human operators (trolls) creates the appearance of spontaneous engagement but, in reality, promotes the amplification of distorted narratives. Furthermore, the Brazilian electoral legal framework proves to be outdated in the face of technological innovations, revealing a lack of real-time auditing and transparency in the circulation of information, especially within private communication channels. To restore the credibility of electoral contests, the study proposes updating the regulation of digital platforms with continuous audits and graduated sanctions, implementing media literacy campaigns, and strengthening cooperation among the Judiciary, electoral authorities, and civil society.
ABUSE OF ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL POWER IN ELECTORAL CAMPAIGNS
This study analyzes the impacts of economic and political abuse of power in Brazilian electoral campaigns, emphasizing its relationship with democratic legitimacy and equal opportunities among candidates. Adopting a qualitative and bibliographic approach, it examines constitutional provisions, especially Article 14 of the 1988 Federal Constitution, the Complementary Law No. 64/1990, the Electoral Code, as well as empirical studies and emblematic cases judged by the Electoral Court. The research demonstrates that, although legal instruments such as the Judicial Electoral Investigation Action (AIJE) and the Action for Annulment of Electoral Mandate (AIME) exist to curb illicit practices, their effectiveness remains limited due to procedural slowness, probative difficulties, and political influences on judicial decisions. The results reveal recurring practices of economic abuse, such as illicit donations, excessive campaign spending, and vote buying, in addition to political abuse, including the manipulative use of social programs, undue pressure on public servants, and promotional use of public resources during election periods. Empirical evidence, such as Silva’s (2018) study, confirms that increased campaign spending is directly correlated with the probability of being accused of abuse, particularly among incumbents. Notable cases, such as the Lava Jato Operation, the electoral actions that led to the ineligibility of former President Jair Bolsonaro, and regional episodes like the annulment of Governor Simão Jatene’s mandate in Pará, illustrate the structural dimension of the problem in Brazil. The study concludes that combating electoral abuse requires not only judicial rigor but also institutional reforms, stronger inspection mechanisms, and greater political awareness by society. Strengthening democracy in Brazil depends on continuous, technical, and impartial efforts to ensure electoral processes truly reflect the sovereign will of the people.
POLLS ON SOCIAL MEDIA DURING THE ELECTORAL PERIOD: LEGAL LIMITATIONS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON THE FORMATION OF VOTER WILL
This paper analyzes the legal implications of publishing electoral polls on social media, particularly during the critical period of electoral campaigns, in light of current legislation, specialized doctrine, and the case law of electoral courts. Although Brazilian law clearly distinguishes between electoral surveys — subject to strict methodological and formal controls — and polls, which are informal in nature and lack statistical rigor, it is observed that, in the digital environment, this distinction is not fully perceptible to the average voter. An analysis of rulings by the Superior Electoral Court (TSE) and various Regional Electoral Courts (TREs) reveals a significant regulatory gap: while TSE Resolution No. 23,600/2019 prohibits the publication of polls in the fifteen days preceding the election, it does not establish any legal sanctions for such conduct. This undermines the effectiveness of the rule and encourages practices that may mislead voters. Such a scenario conflicts with fundamental constitutional principles of the electoral process, such as popular sovereignty, equal opportunity among candidates, and freedom of vote, while directly affecting the formation of voters’ will, especially considering the viral reach and influence of digital platforms. Thus, this study advocates for the urgent need for legislative reform, capable of establishing clear parameters for the use of polls in the digital environment, as well as proportional sanctions, in order to safeguard the integrity of the democratic process and ensure the effectiveness of constitutional electoral principles.
WILDLIFE TRAFFICKING IN THE AMAZON AND ITS IMPACTS ON THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK
Wildlife trafficking in the Amazon constitutes a serious threat to the biodiversity and integrity of the region's ecosystems. This work analyzes the impacts of this criminal practice, which involves the illegal capture, transport, and trade of native species, aiming to understand its environmental, social, and economic consequences. The research addresses the routes and methods used in trafficking, the demand for exotic species, and the challenges faced in the enforcement and conservation of Amazonian fauna. The results highlight the need for effective measures to combat trafficking, including the strengthening of public policies, the promotion of awareness campaigns, and the involvement of local communities in the conservation of natural resources.
PERSONAL SERVICE OF THE DEFENDANT AND APPEALS IN JURY PROCEEDINGS
This paper examines the personal service (intimação pessoal) of the defendant with the decision of indictment (pronúncia) or conviction in Jury Court proceedings and its relation to the filing of appeals, discussing whether the absence of a formal appeal term or of an express inquiry into the defendant’s intent to appeal renders the act void. It aims to determine the legal effects of service, to identify the defence’s burden to file within the statutory deadline, and to indicate when potential defects are merely formal and harmless. Methodologically, it adopts a doctrinal-case-law approach under the Code of Criminal Procedure and courtroom practice, emphasising service as a means to secure effective notice. The findings indicate that personal service is essential to safeguard adversarial proceedings and the right to be heard; however, once service is effected, the State’s duty of notice is fulfilled and, absent prejudice, failure to draw up a formal appeal term or to inquire about the animus to appeal does not invalidate the act; it is for the defendant or defence counsel to file within the legal time-limit. It concludes that nullity analysis must observe the “no nullity without prejudice” principle, preserving legal certainty and procedural celerity without impairing defence guarantees.
INELIGIBILITY BY ILLITERACY: A LEGAL STUDY AND SOCIAL ON POLITICAL EXCLUSION IN BRAZIL
This study analyzes the eligibility conditions provided for in the Federal Constitution of 1988, highlighting their legal foundations and the impacts they have on political participation and democratic legitimacy in Brazil. The central objective is to understand how such requirements, especially the requirement of literacy, act both as instruments of institutional strengthening and as barriers to political exclusion that mainly affect vulnerable groups. The methodology used was qualitative, based on bibliographic and documentary research, with examination of the Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil, relevant infraconstitutional legislation, jurisprudence of the Superior Electoral Court (TSE) and specialized doctrine of authors such as José Jairo Gomes, Alexandre de Moraes, José Afonso da Silva and Carlos Blanco de Morais. The results indicate that the constitutional criteria of Brazilian nationality, full exercise of political rights, electoral enlistment, residence in the district, party affiliation and minimum age play a fundamental role in the legitimization of the electoral process, ensuring legal, political and social ties between the candidates and the community they intend to represent. However, the requirement that the candidate is not illiterate, although not expressly provided for as a cause of ineligibility, has been interpreted as an implicit and necessary requirement, which, in practice, excludes millions of citizens from the political dispute. IBGE data from 2022 indicate that about 7% of the population over 15 years old remains illiterate, which corresponds to approximately 11.4 million people, showing the dimension of the social impact of this restriction. At the same time that it seeks to guarantee minimal technical aptitude for the exercise of the public function, the rule ends up disregarding the community experience and the representative capacity of individuals who, although formally illiterate, could contribute to the political life of the country. In addition, the study shows that the ordinary legislator has only the prerogative to regulate the eligibility conditions, without being able to create new requirements beyond those expressly provided for by the Constitution, under penalty of violation of the principle of strict legality. The jurisprudence of the TSE and the understanding of the Supreme Court confirm this limitation, reinforcing that the interpretation of the conditions of eligibility must respect the constitutional principles of proportionality, equality and popular sovereignty. In conclusion, the research reveals that the requirement of literacy, as well as the mandatory party affiliation, can function as a mechanism of political exclusion, restricting access to power and perpetuating historical inequalities. Although legitimized under arguments of administrative rationality and institutional strengthening, such demands end up compromising the ideal of inclusive democracy, which requires not only formal participation, but also material conditions for equitable access to the political process. Thus, it becomes urgent to rethink the compatibility of these criteria with the fundamental principles of the Democratic Rule of Law, especially the dignity of the human person, citizenship and political pluralism, in order for Brazilian democracy to move towards a more plural, fair and egalitarian representation, overcoming structural barriers that still limit effective popular sovereignty.
Title: Confronting Harassment in Healthcare Workplaces: An Experience Report with NASSA Workers
Abstract This experience report describes the implementation of an operative group on workplace harassment with workers from NASSA (Occupational Health Support Center of Anápolis), developed by Group 4 of the PET-Health Equity Program. The objective was to promote critical reflection on different forms of harassment — moral, sexual, virtual, school-related, and discriminatory — through participatory activities that stimulated dialogue, the sharing of experiences, and the construction of collective coping strategies. The method followed a structured script in five stages: welcoming, integration activity, conceptual presentation with contextualized examples, discussion circle guided by key questions, and presentation of institutional channels for reporting and prevention. A preliminary rehearsal with the PET- Health team allowed adjustments in clarity, timing, and appropriateness of the conduction. The results indicated increased awareness of the impacts of harassment on personal and professional life, strengthening of collective dialogue spaces, and appreciation of institutional equity policies. It is concluded that the operative group constituted a mobilizing practice, with the potential to empower workers and contribute to critical training in occupational health and health education. Keywords: Moral Harassment; Sexual Harassment; Occupational Health; Health Equity; Health Education
THE IMPORTANCE OF BALANCE GAMES FOR CHILDREN'S MOTOR DEVELOPMENT
Introduction: Balance games are fundamental in childhood, as they stimulate motor development and contribute to the evolution of mobility, cognition, and social interaction, promoting quality of life. Participation in balance games during childhood is extremely important, as it offers accelerated motor development. Their proper implementation results in positive progress in mobility, social, and cognitive areas, thus enhancing quality of life in all aspects. The relevance of these playful and relaxed activities that promote health presents a new world to children, allowing them to feel freer to learn. Objective: To analyze the influence of balance games on children's motor development, with an emphasis on coordination. Methods: This study was developed through a literature review. Two articles were used, with the inclusion criterion being the theme of the importance of motor development in childhood written in Portuguese, and the exclusion criterion being articles in English. The research was conducted using the keywords “jogos de equilíbrio” (balance games) and “desenvolvimento motor infantil” (children’s motor development). Results: The analyzed studies indicate that this process is directly linked to physical growth and the stimulation opportunities offered to the child. Motor development is an essential part of child growth, as it involves not only physical movement but also cognitive, social, and emotional aspects. The first five years of life are crucial, as the experiences during this period determine the child's progress in relation to future learning. Conclusions:It is concluded that motor development is very important for the healthy formation and growth of the child, beginning in the first months of life and occurring continuously. Education plays a fundamental role in this process by providing an appropriate environment and games that encourage movement, planning activities that naturally foster motor development according to each child’s age, while respecting their physical limits.
THE TAXPAYER’S NOTIFICATION OF THE NOTICE OF INFRACTION DEFINITIVELY CONSTITUTES THE TAX CREDIT AND STARTS THE LIMITATION PERIOD FOR ITS COLLECTION, PRECLUDING ANY DECADENTIAL TERM
This article distinguishes between the limitation period for assessment (decadential term) and the statute of limitations for collection, and argues that a valid notification of the notice of infraction definitively constitutes the tax credit and triggers the five-year limitation period for enforcement, leaving no room for decadence after assessment. The objective is to describe the steps required to constitute the credit and to assess, in light of technological advances in tax administration, whether current statutory time limits remain adequate. The study employs a doctrinal approach based on bibliographic research and an examination of administrative routines and electronic audit systems, showing how automated data-matching and digitized ancillary obligations have accelerated assessments. The findings indicate that credit constitution generally occurs more swiftly than when the legal deadlines were enacted, which supports the view that, once the taxpayer is notified of the notice of infraction, only the five-year statute of limitations governs collectability. The conclusion is that fixing the limitation term’s dies a quo at the notification stage enhances predictability, and that legislative recalibration of both assessment and collection time limits—aligned with technological realities and legal-certainty safeguards—can reduce uncertainty, opportunistic litigation, and asymmetries between the tax authority and taxpayers.
Introduction: Article 51 of the Brazilian Consumer Defense Code (CDC) declares null and void any contractual clauses that place consumers at an excessive disadvantage or are deemed abusive. Such clauses violate fundamental principles of the legal system, disrupt contractual balance, or restrict the exercise of essential rights. Objectives: This article aims to protect consumers against abusive contractual practices, ensuring fairness and balance in consumer relations. It also seeks to guarantee that illegal clauses may be annulled by the Judiciary, even without initiative from the parties involved. Materials and Methods: The analysis is based on current legislation and case law regarding the application of Article 51 of the CDC. Abusive clauses that limit consumer rights and undermine good faith and fairness in contractual relations are identified. Results: The following are considered abusive clauses: those that limit supplier liability; prevent reimbursement of amounts paid; impose a choice of forum that restricts access to justice; authorize unilateral changes to the contract; require compulsory arbitration; or unfairly transfer obligations to the consumer. Furthermore, under the principle of contract preservation, even when certain clauses are annulled, the remainder of the contract may be maintained, provided it does not harm the parties. Conclusion: Article 51 of the CDC plays a crucial role in consumer protection, ensuring fair and balanced contractual relations. The legislation seeks to safeguard consumer rights in the face of economic and technical vulnerability vis-à-vis suppliers, promoting social justice and dignity in private consumer relations.
LEGISLATION AND SOCIAL AWARENESS IN TRAFFIC: PATHWAYS TO REDUCING ACCIDENTS AND PROMOTING WELL-BEING
This study adopts an interdisciplinary perspective to examine traffic accidents, addressing their sociological and legal implications. The focus is on analyzing necessary conduct from both sociological thinkers' viewpoints and Brazilian normative guidelines to promote a broader understanding of the topic. The proposal discusses required daily conduct from a sociological and legal perspective, emphasizing the importance of good faith in resolving contemporary conflicts. Referenced authors ground an introduction to social studies and Law, aiming to explore the theme accessibly. The analysis serves as an introductory basis for understanding the issues addressed. The study also highlights intersections between Civil and Penal Law, particularly regarding omissions and illicit conduct under the Penal Code, with emphasis on traffic offenses. This work has a didactic character, seeking to inform the population extensionally, expositorily, and guidingly about appropriate conduct and ensured rights.
COMPLETING THE STATUTORY MINIMUM OF 15 JURORS WITH ALTERNATES FROM ANOTHER PANEL OF THE SAME JURY COURT DOES NOT, BY ITSELF, NULLIFY THE TRIAL
This paper examines the validity of completing the statutory minimum of fifteen jurors, on the trial day, by drawing alternates from another panel of the same Jury Court and whether such practice entails nullity. It is a doctrinal and case-law review with a normative analysis of the Code of Criminal Procedure and higher-court precedents, aimed at systematizing validity criteria and the proper timing for objections. The aim is to show under which conditions this practice—used to avoid adjournment—preserves the composition of the Jury and complies with procedural rules. The method consisted of a critical reading of textbooks and rulings, emphasizing the installation of the session, the minutes recording the presence of at least fifteen jurors, and the parties’ conduct regarding consent or the absence of a timely challenge. The findings indicate a consolidated understanding that calling alternates from another panel within the same Jury Court, with the parties’ awareness, does not amount to nullity; any objection must be raised immediately, on pain of preclusion. It concludes that the measure is consistent with the procedure’s purpose, provided that adversarial guarantees are observed and the act is duly recorded in the case file.
DIGITAL ELECTORAL ADVERTISING: REGULATION IN THE BRAZILIAN LEGAL FRAMEWORK
The advent and rapid expansion of the internet have transformed electoral advertising into the primary channel of communication for political candidates. However, the proliferation of fake news and manipulative practices within this environment has prompted the legislature to introduce targeted regulatory measures for the digital sphere. This qualitative, descriptive, and analytical study examines the regulation of digital electoral advertising under Brazilian law, identifying the normative frameworks established and the challenges posed by ongoing technological evolution. The study, conducted through qualitative, descriptive, and analytical methods, relies on a documentary and normative examination of legislation, including Brazilian Law nº 9.504/1997, Law nº 12.034/2009, the Electoral Code, and resolutions of the Brazilian Superior Electoral Court (TSE), complemented by legal scholarship and academic articles to delineate the rules and limitations governing digital electoral advertising in Brazil. The results indicate that the regulatory framework originated in TSE resolutions and was consolidated through Law nº 12.034/2009, which established requirements for the use of websites, social networks, and blogs, mandating prior registration with the Electoral Justice and clear identification of sponsors, while prohibiting anonymous advertising, automated bot activity, negative paid promotion, and the misuse of personal data. Technological advances pose challenges such as the rapid dissemination of fake news, which threatens democratic stability, and the difficulty of balancing freedom of expression with the containment of abuses in a decentralized digital environment, underscoring the necessity for continuous legal adaptation and more effective mechanisms to ensure a fair and transparent electoral process. In conclusion, Brazilian electoral law recognizes the central role of the internet in political campaigns, instituting regulations to safeguard freedom of expression while curbing abuses such as fake news, anonymity, and the creation of false profiles, with the ongoing challenge of striking a balance between such freedoms and the protection of the electoral process, a task that demands continual legislative revision and proactive oversight by the Electoral Justice, public authorities, and civil society to guarantee democratic and transparent elections.
IMPACTS OF CORPORATE DONATIONS ON THE BRAZILIAN ELECTIONS
The financing of electoral campaigns in Brazil has undergone significant changes in recent years, especially after the ban on corporate donations by Law No. 13,165/2015. Prior to this, the predominant model was private financing, based on large contributions from companies. This system created imbalances in the electoral process, encouraging corruption, increasing the influence of economic interests over political decisions, and widening inequality. This study aims to analyze the impacts of the transition from private to public financing in Brazilian electoral campaigns, assessing whether this change strengthens democracy, ensures greater transparency, and promotes equality among candidates. The research was conducted through a legislative review, analyzing Law No. 13,487/2017, which established the Special Campaign Financing Fund (FEFC), funded by resources from the National Treasury. The study considers two forms of public financing: the direct form, which includes the party fund and the FEFC; and the indirect form, which refers to state incentives such as free use of media and public assets for the dissemination of campaign proposals. Despite the reduction of corporate influence, public financing is subject to criticism regarding the use of public funds for campaigns, which some believe should be allocated to essential areas identified by society. Furthermore, there is still inequality in the distribution of funds among political parties, highlighting the need for greater transparency and oversight. The adoption of public financing represents a democratic advancement but requires ongoing improvement. It is essential to strengthen oversight mechanisms and ensure a fair allocation of resources, thereby promoting more balanced and transparent elections.
ELECTORAL ADVERTISING IN THE DIGITAL AGE: Legal Limits and Regulatory Challenges
The digital era has profoundly transformed electoral propaganda by combining massive reach with real-time interactivity. However, this speed in the circulation of content enhances the spread of false information and exposes gaps in the legal framework, undermining equal opportunities and trust in the democratic process. This study analyzes the legal limits and regulatory challenges of digital propaganda, with emphasis on the use of social media, the dissemination of fake news, and the role of the Electoral Justice. A review of Brazilian regulations (Law No. 9,504/1997, LGPD, and TSE resolutions), an examination of relevant case law, and the study of emblematic cases (the 2008 U.S. elections and the 2018 Brazilian elections) were carried out, complemented by a critical analysis of policies adopted by digital platforms. The results indicate that social media offers high potential for segmentation and engagement, but also fosters polarization and the misuse of personal data. Furthermore, the spread of fake news harms voters’ decision-making, highlighting the need for faster control mechanisms. In response, the Electoral Justice has intensified real-time monitoring and reinforced the requirement of transparency in paid ads, applying punitive sanctions, although it still depends on technological advancements and corporate cooperation. It is concluded that it is essential to establish a dynamic and integrated regulatory framework, capable of reconciling freedom of expression with the fight against disinformation. To ensure the integrity of elections, it is recommended to strengthen ongoing collaboration among legislators, the judiciary, digital platforms, and civil society.
THE IMPORTANCE OF FINANCIAL EDUCATION IN HIGH SCHOOL
This project, titled "Financial Education Focused on High School," aims to provide young students with a solid understanding of managing their personal finances, preparing them for the challenges of the job market. Through a workshop led by Professor Gilda Aparecida Nascimento, participants, who were night shift high school students, were introduced to fundamental concepts such as inflation, the Broad Consumer Price Index (IPCA), and the Selic rate. Additionally, a questionnaire with prizes was applied, encouraging active participation and dynamic learning. The results demonstrated significant student interest in the topic and the importance of financial education in their formation. The continuity and expansion of this project are essential to promote a more conscious generation regarding money management, contributing to a more balanced and economically sustainable society.
JURISDICTION OVER LATROCÍNIO (ROBBERY RESULTING IN DEATH)
This paper defines the jurisdiction for prosecuting and adjudicating latrocínio (Article 157 §3 of the Criminal Code), classifying it as an offence against property and therefore subject to bench trial despite the fatal outcome; by contrast, intentional crimes against life lie within the constitutional remit of the Jury Court. It aims to explain why latrocínio does not shift jurisdiction to the jury and to systematize criteria distinguishing the immediate legal interest protected—property in robbery with a fatal result—from the protection of life in intentional homicide. Methodologically, it adopts a doctrinal-normative and descriptive approach grounded in the statutory definition of the offence and the constitutional allocation of jury competence. The findings indicate that, in latrocínio, death is a consequence of robbery and the immediately protected interest is not life, which triggers the bench judge’s jurisdiction; the Jury Court is limited to intentional crimes against life (consummated or attempted homicide). It concludes that, although a death occurs, latrocínio must be prosecuted and tried before a single judge, preserving the proper constitutional distribution of jurisdiction.
ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION AND SUSTAINABILITY IN UNIVERSITY LABORATORIES: THE HEALTHCARE WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN (HCWMP) AS A FORMATIVE STRATEGY
Environmental education in higher education should integrate theory and practice, especially in laboratory settings, where the generation of healthcare waste poses ethical and ecological challenges. This study addresses the development and implementation of a Healthcare Waste Management Plan (HCWMP) in the healthcare laboratories of a private university located in the interior of the state of Goiás, Brazil. Based on ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) principles and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), especially SDGs 3 (Health), 4 (Education), 6 (Water and Sanitation), and 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production), the initiative aims to foster a culture of sustainability among students and employees. A mixed methods observational approach was adopted, combining literature review and situational diagnosis. Data collection was carried out between August and November 2024, with an emphasis on waste categorization, segregation practices, internal workflow analysis, storage, disposal, educational actions, and reverse logistics. The research results indicated that the implementation of the HCWMP resulted in improvements in the waste segregation process, the implementation of ongoing educational activities, team building, the identification of environmental risks, and the encouragement of recycling practices. According to the data obtained, it was possible to verify that the plan in question reinforced the university's social and environmental responsibility through educational signage, awareness campaigns, and operational integration. In addition to regulatory compliance, the HCWMP proved to be a powerful educational tool, capable of stimulating environmental awareness and contributing to the professional development of students, providing them with the knowledge necessary to face current and future sustainability challenges in healthcare environments. The findings support the hypothesis that environmental education, when combined with practical and institutional actions, can foster long-term behavioral changes aligned with global sustainability agendas.
CLEAN RECORD LAW AND INELIGIBILITIES: THE IMPACTS ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ELECTORAL MORALITY
INTRODUCTION: Ineligibilities are part of negative political rights, consisting of rules that prevent certain citizens from exercising passive electoral capacity. They are divided into absolute, provided exclusively in the Federal Constitution, such as those who are not registered to vote and illiterates (FC, art. 14, § 4); and relative (FC, art. 14, §§ 5 to 9), which may be provided for in constitutional and infraconstitutional rules, classified as functional, reflexive, military, and legal ineligibilities. In the latter group, the Complementary Law No. 135/2010 (“Clean Record Law”) stands out.OBJECTIVE: This paper aims to analyze the cases of ineligibility established by Complementary Law No. 135/2010, as well as its impacts on the scope of negative political rights, with an emphasis on the principle of electoral morality.METHOD: A bibliographical and documentary research was carried out, based on technical studies by the Superior Electoral Court (TSE), the Electoral Justice, and legal doctrines. The interpretative method is presented through the compilation of direct documentation studies, under a qualitative approach.RESULTS: The Clean Record Law, a popular initiative, reformed Complementary Law No. 64/1990 by expanding the cases of ineligibility based on candidates’ prior conduct. Among the innovations, the following stand out: extension of the ineligibility period to eight years; inclusion of new crimes; removal of the requirement for a final and unappealable judgment (a decision by a collective judicial body is sufficient); and the application of ineligibility to situations such as simulated marital separation, illegal vote buying, and ethical-professional sanctions.CONCLUSION: The Clean Record Law represents a milestone in strengthening democratic institutions by establishing stricter moral criteria for holding elected office, promoting greater integrity in the electoral process.
APPLICATION OF THE SELIC RATE TO THE MONETARY UPDATE OF TAX REFUNDS SINCE JANUARY 1, 1996, WITHOUT ACCRUAL WITH OTHER INDICES
This article analyzes the exclusive application of Brazil’s SELIC rate (Special System for Settlement and Custody) to the monetary update of tax refunds (indébito tributário) since January 1, 1996, emphasizing the prohibition against combining it with any other interest or indexation metrics. It is a doctrinal, bibliographic, and case-law-based study that identifies the legal foundations and scope of SELIC under the National Tax Code and the guidance of the superior courts. The method is analytical, merging literature review with the examination of precedents from the Superior Court of Justice and the Federal Supreme Court to assess whether SELIC operates as a single index covering both monetary correction and default interest, and whether any combination would amount to double counting. The findings show a prevailing understanding in the Superior Court of Justice that SELIC suffices to restore the value of undue tax payments and bars accumulation with remuneratory interest or other correction indices, thereby promoting decisional uniformity, predictability, and legal certainty in tax refunds and set-offs. The conclusion is that SELIC’s exclusive use prevents overvaluation of taxpayers’ credits and reduces disputes over quantification; at the same time, a systematic, Constitution-consistent reading is advisable to address exceptional circumstances in light of principles such as legality, equality, and the prohibition of confiscation.
CONSTITUTIONAL TAX PRINCIPLES: FUNDAMENTAL GUARANTEES FOR THE TAXPAYER
This paper aims to present and discuss the main constitutional tax principles set forth in the 1988 Federal Constitution, analyzing their importance as taxpayer guarantees against the State's taxing power. The choice of this topic is justified by the principles' relevance in limiting State discretion, promoting tax justice and legal certainty. The study is based on bibliographical research, with doctrinal and normative analysis, particularly of Articles 145 to 150 of the Constitution. Among the principles addressed are: legality, prior notice, equality, taxable capacity, non-confiscation, and transparency. Each principle is examined in light of its protective function and its impact on the relationship between the tax authorities and taxpayers. The results indicate that compliance with these principles is essential to the legitimacy of the national tax system and the protection of citizens' fundamental rights, representing indispensable tools for controlling state action. The conclusion is that, despite formal guarantees, challenges remain in the practical implementation of these principles, especially due to flexible interpretations by administrative and judicial bodies. Therefore, strengthening jurisdictional oversight and tax education are fundamental measures for consolidating a fair and efficient tax system.
The Right to Education in Brazil: An Analysis of the Current Legislation on Homeschooling
The present paper has as justification to reinforce the debate of ideas about Homescholing in Brazil, because every day the number of families that search for this education system has been increasing. The Federal Supreme Court has already considered the matter to have general repercussions (RE 888815 RG / RS), so that the issue is extremely relevant to Brazilian society, especially in view of the general decadent aspect of public education in Brazil. The STF indicated that the matter was not foreseen in the current Brazilian legislation, denying that there is a subjective right to home education, although signaling that the Federal Constitution does not prohibit its effectiveness, depending only on an eventual law that regulates the offer. The general objective is to seek to discuss whether the Homescholing modality is valid in Brazil when confronted with the Federal Constitution, so that the State, in recurring moments, makes interventions inappropriately or not in the family right to provide home education to its children.
IT IS FOR THE JURY TO DECIDE WHETHER THE HOMICIDE WAS MOTIVATED BY JEALOUSY AND WHETHER, IN THE CONCRETE CASE, SUCH SENTIMENT QUALIFIES THE CRIME
This study examines the role of the Jury in identifying jealousy as the motive for homicide and in determining its possible legal qualification. The introduction situates the issue in the Jury’s constitutional competence over intentional crimes against life and in the centrality of motive for sentencing. The aim is to outline criteria that guide decisions on when jealousy may, depending on the case’s circumstances, aggravate the offense and affect sentencing. The method is a doctrinal and case-law review, focusing on provisions of the Brazilian Penal Code, notably article 121 (qualifying circumstances) and article 59 (sentencing factors), together with the Jury’s decisional practice. The findings systematize that assessment is case-specific and evidence-driven: factual and psychological context, motives, and surrounding circumstances are weighed; jealousy may be treated as a base or futile motive—or, conversely, as mere passion—depending on the evidentiary set. It concludes that the decision lies with the Jury but requires reasoned grounding as to the offense’s objective and subjective elements, ensuring proportionality and coherence in the penal response.
This study analyzes the impacts of disinformation and digital electoral crimes on the Brazilian democratic process, highlighting the challenges faced by the Electoral Justice and civil society, as well as the measures required to strengthen the integrity of elections in the twenty-first century. It adopts a bibliographic and documentary approach based on current legislation, reports, and programs of the Superior Electoral Court (TSE), in addition to academic works addressing disinformation, digital communication, and democracy. The results demonstrate that, within the electoral context, disinformation undermines essential democratic principles such as freedom of choice, equality among candidates, and transparency of the electoral process. The most recurrent forms include fake news, deepfakes, manipulation of images and videos, and the massive use of social networks and messaging applications for the rapid dissemination of misleading content. At the same time, the practice of digital electoral crimes—such as hacking systems, leaking personal data, misusing algorithms for illegitimate segmentation of voters, and using bots and fake profiles to artificially amplify campaigns—threatens both the fairness of elections and public trust in democracy. In response, the TSE has implemented programs to combat disinformation, expanded cooperation with digital platforms, and developed monitoring systems for suspicious content. However, persistent challenges remain, including adequate regulation of platforms, accountability for authors and disseminators of false content, protection of freedom of expression, and the urgent need to address impunity in the digital environment. Another crucial result concerns the role of media literacy: in an increasingly connected society, the development of critical and conscious citizens is indispensable. Combating disinformation cannot be limited to institutional initiatives; it requires the engagement of civil society, digital platforms, and voters themselves. The study concludes that Brazilian democracy is at a decisive moment of adaptation to new technologies. The spread of disinformation and the practice of digital electoral crimes distort truth and undermine public trust in democratic institutions. Effective solutions demand strengthened cooperation among the State, digital platforms, and civil society, combined with robust media education that empowers citizens to identify and reject false content, thereby advancing toward more transparent, secure, and legitimate elections.
PUBLIC POLICIES, THEIR CYCLES AND ADPF 347
This work analyzes the articulation between public policy cycles and the structural process generated by the Claim of Non-Compliance with a Fundamental Precept (ADPF) 347, treating it as a paradigmatic case of judicial intervention in the face of governmental omission. The objective is to explain how the judiciary, through ADPF 347, not only recognized the severe violations of rights in the Brazilian prison system but also compelled the formulation of public policies to address them. The methodology integrates the theoretical frameworks of public policy studies with the legal and constitutional analysis of the ADPF, focusing on the stages of policy development from problem identification to implementation and evaluation. The results indicate that the Supreme Federal Court’s decision redefined the political agenda by forcing the executive and legislative branches to adopt measures such as custody hearings, the national prison plan “Pena Justa,” and regional adaptations in the states. This judicial imposition transformed abstract constitutional principles into enforceable public policies, generating significant institutional recomposition. The work concludes that ADPF 347 exemplifies the judiciary’s capacity to act as a guardian of constitutional rights by stimulating the design, execution, and monitoring of public policies, while also raising questions about the balance of powers and the legitimacy of judicial activism in contexts of persistent social crisis.
THE WORKSHOP "CREATE YOUR CASH FLOW AND MANAGE YOUR WORKING CAPITAL"
The workshop "Create Your Cash Flow and Manage Your Working Capital," developed in partnership with SEBRAE and part of the National Financial Education Week, aimed to train diverse audiences, including micro-entrepreneurs, aspiring business owners, high school students, and administration academics, in the efficient management of cash flow and working capital. The workshop exceeded expectations, providing essential knowledge and practical experiences that enabled participants to optimize their financial operations, reduce risks, and ensure the continuity of their businesses.
JEALOUSY, BY ITSELF, DOES NOT CONSTITUTE A “BASE MOTIVE”
This paper examines whether jealousy, taken alone, can sustain the qualifying circumstance of a “base motive” under Article 121(2)(I) of the Brazilian Criminal Code and in which circumstances such feeling, although blameworthy, should be weighed merely as a factor of violent emotion. It aims to clarify the criteria for subsuming a base motive, distinguishing it from a “frivolous motive” and from situations in which the defendant’s emotional state impacts only sentencing. Methodologically, it adopts a doctrinal-normative approach grounded in case law that allows striking out manifestly unfounded qualifiers and emphasizes that the motive must be assessed by the Jury Court on the concrete facts. The findings indicate that jealousy does not automatically amount to baseness or frivolity; the qualifier requires proof of ignoble ends or other objectively reprehensible circumstances that heighten culpability. It concludes that, absent such additional elements, the qualifier should be removed for lack of factual support and jealousy treated as an emotional state to be weighed as provided by law, while the Jury Panel assesses the competing versions and the evidentiary context.
DISINFORMATION AND THE FRAGILITY OF DEMOCRACY IN THE DIGITAL AGE: THE CHALLENGES OF THE BRAZILIAN ELECTORAL SYSTEM
The influence of digital technologies on political social relations has been transforming the way information circulates, especially during election years. In this context, disinformation, spread in a disorderly manner, reaffirms the challenge to the democratic objectives of our society. This study aims to analyze the impacts of disinformation and digital electoral crimes within democratic processes, highlighting the 2018 and 2022 elections. It also involves qualitative, bibliographical, and scientific research, based on legislation such as the Internet Civil Rights Framework and the Election Law, as well as documented analysis and decisions issued by the Superior Electoral Court (TSE). The data analyzed during its execution indicate that, although measures have been taken to mitigate its negative effects, regulatory and operational gaps remain that tend to hinder the fight against fake news. This study showed us that this challenge requires repressive and educational actions from everyone—the government and society—aimed at developing critical and conscientious citizens. Protecting the electoral process involves building defense mechanisms that value truth as the foundation of the laws that lead us to true democracy.
SUPPORT IN POSTDOCTORAL AT LAHAC - CERRADO ENVIRONMENTAL HISTORY LABORATORY: CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE STUDY OF THERMAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL VULNERABILITY TRENDS IN THE CERRADO
Undergraduate research student (Institutional Scientific Initiation Scholarship Program - PIBIC) affiliated with LAHAC - Cerrado Environmental History Laboratory, acting as an assistant in the doctoral research of the advisor for the project “Trends of Thermal and Environmental Vulnerability in the Goiano Cerrado.” The activities developed included the collection and organization of climate data from NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) and ECMWF (European Centre for Medium‑Range Weather Forecasts). repositories, which were fundamental for building historical series used in the analysis of regional thermal vulnerability. The student also collaborated in the survey and classification of Cerrado phytophysiognomies using the MapBiomas platform, contributing to the characterization of land use and land cover in the study areas. In addition, skills in geoprocessing software were improved, contributing with techniques of spatial analysis and manipulation of meteorological data essential for the development and calibration of the Shannon Index, which assesses the heterogeneity of phytophysiognomies. The research encompassed the integration of different sets of environmental data, microclimate analysis, and the evaluation of the influence of anthropogenic and natural factors on the thermal vulnerability of the Goiano Cerrado. Preliminary results highlight the importance of using remote sensing tools and geotechnologies for understanding environmental risks and supporting sustainable territorial planning. The work also emphasizes the relevance of scientific training in applied research for the development of new researchers in the environmental field.
Electoral Advertising in the Digital Era: Legal Limits and Regulatory Challenges
Due to technological advancement, the dissemination of information has become increasingly accessible, reaching different parts of the world and directly impacting democratic processes, particularly given the growing incidence of Fake News. The objective of this study was to examine the mechanisms of electoral advertising in the Digital Era, emphasizing its challenges and legal constraints within the new reality of online communication. The methodology adopted consisted of legislative analysis and bibliographical research. The use of the internet in electoral campaigns was first regulated by Brazilian Federal Law No. 12,034, of September 29, 2009, which established specific provisions for digital electoral advertising. This legislation authorized websites, blogs, and social media in campaigns, provided compliance with the established rules. Social and technological transformations generate new demands in the electoral sphere, requiring the legal framework to adapt to emerging needs. A bibliographical study was conducted based on academic articles, legislation, and publications of electoral courts, employing a qualitative methodology and highlighting changes since the advent of digital media, particularly in recent Brazilian electoral scenarios. Findings demonstrate that the dissemination of Fake News for electoral purposes may compromise equality among candidates, undermine judicial oversight, and foster hostility in campaigns, potentially amounting to abuse of power depending on circumstances and actors involved. It is concluded that electoral advertising on digital platforms must be carried out with caution and responsibility, as the improper use of such tools, especially through misinformation, tends to impair process integrity, intensify conflicts between candidates, and destabilize competition. Ensuring regulation and accountability is essential to safeguarding democracy in the Digital Era.
Food Fair as a University Extension Activity to Promote Health, Financial Education, and Social Awareness in Children
University extension projects represent an opportunity to integrate teaching and community engagement, enabling the promotion of health in a playful and participatory way. In socially vulnerable contexts, educational activities associated with food donation can contribute to nutritional awareness, autonomy, and the strengthening of community bonds. This study reports the experience of a food fair held in a low-income community as part of a university extension project, aiming to promote health education, financial education, autonomy, and social responsibility among children. Activities were carried out weekly, on Fridays, with children from the community, addressing topics such as dengue prevention, first aid, personal hygiene, and financial education. At each meeting, children received toy coins as a reward for participation, accumulating values that were later used in a simulated food fair. The products offered—fruits, vegetables, and non-perishable foods—were collected through a solidarity campaign organized by the Student Directory of the Medicine course at UniEVANGÉLICA. At the fair, children were able to use the accumulated coins to “purchase” the foods of their choice and assemble a basket to take home. This dynamic, in addition to fostering active participation and playful engagement, stimulated notions of resource management, autonomy, and appreciation of personal choices. Strong interaction and gratitude were observed among the children, as well as direct benefits to their families through food donations. The experience demonstrated that the food fair, as a university extension activity, is an effective strategy to integrate health education, financial education, and social responsibility, strengthening the bond between university and community and contributing to the comprehensive training of medical students.
APPLICABILITY OF ARTICLE 170-A OF THE NATIONAL TAX CODE TO UNDUE TAX PAYMENTS RESULTING FROM UNCONSTITUTIONAL NORMS
This article examines whether Article 170-A of Brazil’s National Tax Code applies to tax overpayments arising from unconstitutional norms, focusing on the prohibition of set-off prior to a final and unappealable judgment. It is a doctrinal legal study grounded in literature review and analysis of precedents from the superior courts. The objective is to determine whether the restriction in Article 170-A reaches taxes collected under a statute later held unconstitutional, in light of the principles of legal certainty, legality, and non-cumulativity. The method combines a systematic interpretation of the National Tax Code and the Federal Constitution with the provision’s teleology—preventing set-offs based on provisional judicial decisions and safeguarding the Treasury against shifts in case law. The results indicate that a rigid application of Article 170-A, including where unconstitutionality is recognized in concentrated constitutional review, may impair taxpayers’ right to a refund (repetição do indébito) and undermine the effectiveness of restitution; they also reveal persistent divergence in higher-court case law on whether res judicata is required to set off amounts unduly paid under a rule declared unconstitutional. The conclusion advocates a Constitution-consistent reading that reconciles the protective purpose of Article 170-A with taxpayers’ rights, through jurisprudential uniformization and a systematic approach that allows set-off without res judicata where unconstitutionality has been recognized with erga omnes and binding effects.
INTERNATIONAL TREATIES AND BRAZILIAN LAW
This paper examines how the laws of other countries interact with Brazil's legal system, assessing how they are brought into the country, their importance in the law, and their practical application. First, it examines the constitutional framework for bringing treaties into the country; this requires their approval by the National Congress and ratification by the President. The research uses a descriptive and analytical approach, based on doctrine and jurisprudence, especially the firm understanding of the Supreme Federal Court. It highlights the special status of international treaties related to human rights, which receive equal status to constitutional amendments when approved in two rounds with a favorable vote of three-fifths of each house of Congress. Furthermore, it examines the jurisprudence regarding the hierarchy of other treaties, which are in a supralegal position, above ordinary laws but below the Constitution. The results show that Brazil's approach to treaties strengthens the dialogue between international law and domestic law, enabling greater effectiveness in the protection of rights and international cooperation. The conclusion is that the proper application of international treaties by the Brazilian legal system represents a democratic and legal advance, contributing to the country's integration into the international system.
This study examines whether jealousy, taken in isolation, amounts to a base motive for qualifying circumstances and aggravating factors under Brazilian criminal law. It is a doctrinal and case-law study that reviews scholarship and judicial decisions to set objective criteria for identifying base motive and its effects on sentencing. The aim is to distinguish, in practical terms, when jealousy is a mere passion-driven impetus—devoid of ignominy—and when, combined with elements such as contempt for the victim’s dignity, abject purpose, humiliation, or gain, it may qualify the offense. The method comprised a survey of doctrinal sources and appellate rulings, analyzing the offender’s subjective elements, the factual context, and the proportionality between motive and conduct. The findings indicate that jealousy, absent additional circumstances revealing vileness, cruelty, or inhumanity, does not meet the level of blameworthiness required to recognize a base motive; robust evidence is required to establish the link between the vile motive and the crime. It concludes that the base-motive qualifier must be applied restrictively and with reasoned justification, preserving typological coherence and avoiding undue sentence aggravation; judges should make explicit the factual-legal criteria employed and reject base motive when jealousy functions only as an emotional trigger.
ELECTRONIC VOTING AND ELECTORAL PROCESS SECURITY (TRANSPARENCY, AUDITABILITY, AND SYSTEM RELIABILITY)
Public trust in Brazil's electronic voting machines is crucial, especially in a climate marked by political polarization and the spread of misinformation. Far from being a mere voter collection device, the machine represents a sophisticated system, involving processes such as cryptographic key generation, public audits, and technological protection mechanisms, such as shielded USB ports and printers with anti-fraud technology. The Superior Electoral Court (TSE) conducts public security tests, inviting experts to identify potential flaws, in a continuous effort toward transparency and improvement. This study aimed to analyze the security of the electoral process, focusing on its transparency, auditability, and system reliability. The methodology adopted was bibliographic research, based on scientific articles and audiovisual material produced by the Electoral Court of Santa Catarina. The results demonstrate that the system is developed with an emphasis on security at all stages, from software development to vote counting, utilizing resources such as digital signatures, function segmentation, audit logs, and open source code. These measures are part of the "defense in depth" strategy, which combines logical, physical, and procedural protection. The Brazilian electoral process allows for extensive oversight, from voter registration to the certification of elected officials. Even so, the impact of persuasive communication on public perception is recognized, which can strengthen or weaken institutional trust. It is concluded that the reliability of electronic voting machines derives from the combination of robust technology, transparency mechanisms, and public credibility, which are vital foundations for democratic legitimacy.
Aline de Assis Rodrigues do Amaral Muniz
PLAYING AND LEARNING: THE USE OF GAMES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF COGNITIVE SKILLS
Cognitive functions exert a direct influence on daily life, ranging from simple decisions to more complex processes, such as mathematical problem-solving. Childhood represents the stage of greatest cognitive and motor development, characterized by rapid brain growth and intense formation of neural connections, making the early stimulation of such abilities essential. This study aimed to report an extension activity conducted by nursing undergraduates, which employed cognitive games to stimulate logical reasoning and decision-making among 5th-grade elementary school students. The intervention took place on August 29, 2025, at Escola Municipal Dom Pedro I, in São Patrício, Goiás, involving children aged 9 to 11 years, organized into small groups and engaged in five games: pick-up sticks, checkers, battleship, dominoes, and Jenga. Students demonstrated interest, curiosity and engagement, although most reported never having played these games before. A preference for understanding the rules prior to gameplay was observed. However, only five students reported adopting planned strategies, while the majority exhibited impulsive or chance-dependent decision-making. It is concluded that there is a lack of encouragement and access to games that promote cognitive skills, highlighting the need to expand pedagogical initiatives that promote rational and strategic decision-making during childhood. The limitation of the reduced sample size is acknowledged, and further studies with broader scope are recommended.
INELEGIBILITY AS A GUARANTEE OF ELECTORAL MORALITY
Ineligibility, within the Brazilian electoral system, is an essential mechanism for preserving electoral morality and the legitimacy of democracy itself. Governed by Article 14, §9 of the 1988 Federal Constitution and by Complementary Law No. 64/1990, it encompasses situations in which a natural or legal person convicted in administrative proceedings may be deemed ineligible for public office. The common causes of ineligibility include criminal conviction, pending judgments, convictions for abuse of political and economic power, misuse of purpose, and corrupt practices such as those uncovered in the “Operation Car Wash” investigation. In practical terms, applying ineligibility can be burdensome and inconvenient for the Judiciary, as it often leads to excessive judicialization and legally complex cases. Furthermore, debates on the topic face criticism regarding the risk of electoral law being distorted, as well as the inefficiency of the process, which may be seen as an obstacle to the proper enforcement of ineligibility. Nonetheless, it remains a fundamental provision to ensure transparent and fair elections, as well as to safeguard ethics in politics.
REFLECTIONS ON ETHICS, SPIRITUALITY, AND LEADERSHIP BASED ON THE FILM “AN INTERVIEW WITH GOD” IN AN ACADEMIC ACTIVITY
This report describes the experience carried out in the course Citizenship, Ethics, and Spirituality of the Administration program at Universidade Evangélica de Goiás – Campus Rubiataba, based on the analysis of the film “An Interview with God,” which addresses themes related to spirituality, ethics, and worldview. The objective of the activity was to promote deep reflection on fundamental issues, such as free will, suffering, life purpose, and the nature of God, and to understand how these principles can influence the formation of ethical, empathetic, and conscious leaders in both personal and professional spheres. The methodology employed included the screening of the film, followed by group analysis, identification of the main scenes and dialogues relevant to the proposed themes, presentation of reflections to the entire class, a collective debate, and the application of an interactive activity using the Kahoot application, articulating theoretical concepts of the course with individual experiences and everyday situations. During the activity, students discussed the importance of ethics, citizenship, and spirituality in personal, family, and professional life, enhancing skills such as active listening, organization of ideas, teamwork, and the application of ethical values in decision-making and leadership. The results indicated that participants developed greater awareness of how to integrate human and spiritual principles in professional contexts, strengthening group cohesion and promoting critical reflection on organizational challenges. It is concluded that this classroom activity significantly contributed to the academic, personal, and professional development of the students, highlighting the relevance of incorporating ethics, citizenship, and spirituality in the formation of administrators and in practicing a more humane, conscious, and committed leadership, demonstrating that ethical and spiritual values can positively transform both the work environment and society as a whole.
MOSTRA PSI: INTEGRATING TEACHING, RESEARCH, AND EXTENSION IN PSYCHOLOGY EDUCATION
This experience report addresses the interdisciplinary project “Mostra Psi,” a semesterly event organized by the Psychology program at UniEVANGÉLICA – Anápolis, which represents the culmination of extension activities, internships, and interdisciplinary projects from integrative courses. The objective is to present the pedagogical and formative relevance of Mostra Psi in consolidating innovative and integrative academic practices. The method consisted of a systematic description of the experience accumulated across successive editions of the event, including collegiate organization, the definition of semester themes, and the presentation of diverse academic productions. Students from all program levels participated, producing expanded abstracts, systematic reviews, interactive galleries, panels, informational booklets, and pedagogical stations, according to their level of complexity and academic maturity. The results indicate that Mostra Psi constitutes a privileged space for integration between students and faculty, encourages research, and develops skills that go beyond the classroom, fostering the articulation between theory and practice. It is concluded that the experience consolidates itself as an effective formative strategy, strengthening the indissociability between teaching, research, and extension, while contributing to a critical, reflective education committed to social demands.
SPIRITUALITY AS AN EXISTENTIAL DIMENSION: EMPHASIZING THE HISTORICAL AND SOCIAL INFLUENCES OF CHRISTIANITY
This study explores the role of spirituality in human development, focusing on its moral, social, and psychological influences within the contemporary Western context, particularly through the lens of Christianity. Spirituality, though often marginalized, is examined as a critical factor in shaping ethical values, social relationships, and mental and physical well-being. The research employs a mixed-method approach, combining bibliographic analysis of works by authors such as Vishal Mangalwadi, C.S. Lewis, and Max Weber, and empirical data collected through focus groups with Christian bishops. The results highlight Christianity’s historical and social impact, including its contributions to human rights, social justice, education, and scientific thought. The findings underscore spirituality as an essential dimension for integral human development, promoting ethical guidance, emotional resilience, and a sense of purpose. This study advocates for inclusive and informed discussions on spirituality in academic and practical contexts.
GROWTH WITH INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE: INFLUENCE ON PROFESSIONAL AND ACADEMIC DEVELOPMENT
International experience offers multiple opportunities for the development of fundamental skills and competencies in a global context. This study explores the influence of a stay in Italy on the author's academic and professional development, focusing on the acquisition of competencies such as intercultural communication, adaptability, and problem-solving in a multicultural environment. Through a qualitative approach, based on literature review and documented accounts, the positive impacts of cultural immersion on strengthening a global mindset and expanding professional networking are analyzed. The results indicate that international experience is a relevant driver for professional growth, highlighting the role of intercultural interactions and new perspectives gained in diverse contexts, essential in a globalized labor market.
THE SOVEREIGNTY OF THE JURY VERDICT DOES NOT PRECLUDE VACATING THE DECISION THROUGH CRIMINAL REVIEW
This paper analyzes the compatibility between the sovereignty of jury verdicts and setting aside convictions by means of the criminal review action, specifying when such an extraordinary remedy may be used without infringing the Jury Court’s constitutional remit. It employs a normative and case-law analysis grounded in Article 5, XXXVIII of the Brazilian Constitution, Article 621 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, and Supreme Court (STF) and Superior Court of Justice (STJ) precedents, to systematize the grounds and limits of post-final-judgment review. The findings indicate that sovereignty is not absolute and that criminal review, upon proof of serious error, false evidence, new facts or new evidence of innocence, does not replace the jurors’ assessment but corrects miscarriages of justice and may annul the verdict and order a new jury trial. It concludes that Brazilian law balances the authority of the Jury Court with the protection of fundamental rights, enabling the pursuit of the truth and the correction of unjust convictions without violating the sovereignty of verdicts.
FAILURE TO ADVISE THE ACCUSED OF THE RIGHT TO REMAIN SILENT AMOUNTS TO RELATIVE NULLITY CONTINGENT ON PROOF OF PREJUDICE
This study examines the omission to advise defendants of their right to remain silent— a constitutional and conventional safeguard— and its impact on the validity of procedural acts. It is a doctrinal and case-law review aimed at systematizing criteria for recognizing (or rejecting) relative nullity when the warning is missing. The aim is to set practical parameters for assessing prejudice and curing defects, reconciling the privilege against self-incrimination with procedural effectiveness. The method consisted of analyzing scholarship and precedents that tie Code of Criminal Procedure article 563 (pas de nullité sans grief) to the requirement of concrete harm to the defense, as well as the risk of undue self-incrimination during un-warned examinations. The findings show that nullity is not automatic: it hinges on specific proof of prejudice and may be mitigated by measures such as reopening questioning or disregarding tainted statements; assessment should consider whether the defendant would have remained silent and whether that choice could have affected defense strategy. The conclusion is that lack of warning constitutes relative nullity subject to proof of prejudice, while upholding decisions only where adversarial proceedings and the right to defense remain intact.
THE INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON ELECTION CAMPAIGNS AND THE LIMITS OF DIGITAL ADVERTISING
Social media has been consolidating itself as one of the main tools for electoral campaigns, as it enables direct interaction with broad reach, low cost, and easy access. This dynamic contributes to an excessive volume of information, combined with the ease with which false content spreads, which can lead to misinformation, polarization, and voter control. This study aims to analyze the influence of social media on electoral campaigns and the legal limits of digital advertising. The methodology adopted is based on a bibliographic and documentary review, considering authors such as Recuero (2009) and Mendonça (2019), as well as electoral legislation, especially Law No. 9,504/1997 and Resolutions of the Superior Electoral Court (TSE). The results indicate that although digital platforms expand access to information and encourage political involvement, fake news in the media threatens the final outcome of elections, facilitating manipulations that compromise election transparency and informed voting. Therefore, the Superior Electoral Court (TSE) regulates the rules on digital electoral propaganda through specific resolutions for each election, detailing deadlines, contracting methods, prohibitions, and permissions, limiting the use of this tool in elections. Therefore, to ensure a fair electoral process, it is necessary to unite the articulation between laws, education, and digital collaboration. Protecting democracy depends on building a safer digital environment, ensuring that voters' decisions are based on information harmonious with democratic principles. Joint efforts are essential to safeguard elections and maintain democracy in the digital age.
DIGITAL CAMPAIGNS AND ELECTORAL INTEGRITY: LEGAL CHALLENGES OF ADVERTISING ON INTERNET PLATFORMS
The evolution of digital electoral advertising has become an integral component of contemporary democratic processes, reshaping the communication paradigm between political candidates and the electorate. The advent of social media has fundamentally altered the dynamics of political campaigns, enabling more direct and interactive engagement while simultaneously presenting significant legal and ethical challenges, such as the proliferation of disinformation and the misuse of personal data. The unconstrained dissemination of misinformation, amplified by online ecosystems, poses a direct threat to the integrity of electoral procedures, generating profound legal ramifications across electoral, civil, and criminal jurisdictions. Although the Electoral Judiciary has made progress in regulating and supervising digital campaign activities, it continues to face substantial difficulties in keeping pace with the rapid nature of online interactions and the absence of a comprehensive legislative framework specifically designed for the digital domain. This research aims to analyze the legal boundaries of digital electoral advertising and the regulatory measures implemented to mitigate abuses, thereby preserving popular sovereignty and fundamental rights. Utilizing a qualitative and exploratory methodology, the study is based on a meticulous review of bibliographic and documentary sources, including academic literature, legal precedent, and pertinent legislation. The findings reveal that while social media has undeniably democratized political discourse, it has also amplified the risks of manipulation through disinformation and the exploitation of personal data. Consequently, the lacuna left by an outdated and fragmented legal framework creates significant vulnerabilities that undermine the transparency and fairness of electoral competition. Thus, it is imperative to develop and implement effective mechanisms that guarantee the integrity of the democratic process, which requires the synergy of legal modernization, robust institutional oversight, and enhanced civic awareness, all while upholding the principles of transparency, accountability, and freedom of expression.
IMPROPER TITLES AS A CATEGORY OF DOCUMENTS IN CORPORATE LAW
First of all, it is worth noting that improper securities constitute a category of documents in business law. Although they represent legal obligations and guarantee rights to their holders, they are not fully subject to the legal framework governing proper credit instruments. This document addresses improper securities based on a conceptual and classificatory analysis, highlighting their four main types: legitimation instruments, which grant access to services or prizes; representative instruments, which attest to ownership of goods held by third parties; financing instruments, which formalize credits arising from financial transactions; and investment instruments, used to raise funds. The method used consists of a theoretical study and analysis of the legislation regulating these documents, emphasizing the partial application of the principles of legality, literalness, and autonomy. It explains that, because they do not meet all the legal requirements of proper instruments, they do not have full enforceability. The results show that improper credit instruments play a significant role in the dynamics of business and economic relations by enabling various transactions, such as the provision of services, guarantees on goods, financing, and investments, even without enjoying the full legal effectiveness of formal instruments. The conclusion is that, although not considered credit instruments per se, improper instruments constitute essential legal instruments for the circulation of rights and resources within the business environment, reflecting the adaptation of the law to new contemporary economic and technological needs.
The Relationship Between Property Rights and Environmental Protection in Brazil: Challenges and Perspectives
This study analyzes the intersection between property rights and environmental protection in Brazil, focusing on the impact of illegal burning practices. The Federal Constitution of 1988 establishes that property must fulfill a social function and respect the environment. In the penal sphere, illegal burning is considered an environmental crime, subjecting offenders to penalties. The analysis incorporates Karl Marx's perspective, which criticizes private property as a source of inequality and environmental degradation, and Émile Durkheim's view on the need for social norms that promote solidarity and sustainable practices. The text discusses challenges such as deforestation, social inequality, lack of environmental education, and inadequate infrastructure. Real cases are presented to illustrate the environmental responsibility of companies and individuals, highlighting the importance of legislation such as the Environmental Crimes Law. Finally, it suggests that promoting sustainable practices and raising awareness about conservation are essential to balance property rights with environmental protection.
This study examines the tension between the sovereignty of jury verdicts and criminal review after final judgment, under article 621 of the Brazilian Code of Criminal Procedure. It is a bibliographic and case-law analysis that systematizes doctrine and higher-court precedents to set admissibility criteria and limits on review over jury decisions. The aim is to delineate, from the standpoint of legal certainty, when review may result in acquittal, annulment of the trial, reclassification, or sentence modification without undermining the jurors’ sovereign will. The method consisted of a critical reading of items I–III of article 621, focusing on decisions contrary to the record, convictions grounded on falsified elements, and new, reliable evidence. The findings reveal two approaches to reconciliation: (i) requiring a new jury trial when review is granted; and (ii) allowing direct acquittal to prevent unjust decisions from persisting. It concludes that sovereignty is not absolute and exceptionally yields to manifest factual or legal error and supervening evidence, with criminal review operating as a safeguard of substantive justice.
The 2024 municipal elections in Brazil demonstrated that the advancement of digital technologies directly impacts the functioning of democracy, particularly in the dissemination of false information. This study analyzes how technological resources especially those capable of producing manipulated content with a realistic appearance were used both to influence the electoral debate and to counter it. The objective was to understand how these technologies affect the integrity of elections and to identify the strategies adopted to mitigate their harmful effects. The research employed a qualitative approach, based on the review of laws, legislative proposals, and data published by the Superior Electoral Court (TSE) and regional electoral courts, in addition to the analysis of incidents from the 2022 and 2024 elections. The results indicate that the TSE adopted measures requiring the identification of content produced through advanced technological means and prohibited the dissemination of false materials intended to manipulate the electoral process, establishing severe penalties. Regional initiatives, such as the creation of systems to detect altered audio by the Regional Electoral Court of Paraíba (TRE-PB) in partnership with the Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), showed potential in combating disinformation. Nevertheless, the rapid evolution of these tools outpaces regulatory and oversight capacity, making it difficult to identify those responsible and to ensure effective action from digital platforms. It is concluded that combating electoral disinformation in Brazil requires constant updating of regulations, strengthening of oversight mechanisms, development of new technological solutions, and active participation from civil society to ensure free and transparent elections.
WORKING HOURS COMPENSATION AGREEMENT AND THE 2017 LABOR REFORM
The present study aims to analyze the regulation of working hours and the hours bank considering the consolidation of labor laws, especially after the 2017 labor reform. Through bibliographical and qualitative analysis, the research aims to investigate the legal limits, the forms of compensation for hours and the impacts of flexibilization for employers and employees. It has been demonstrated that the working hours compensation agreement emerged as an alternative to the rigidity of traditional working hours, allowing adaptation to the employer's needs without the payment of immediate overtime. Working hours compensation requires clear agreements to avoid overload and disputes. It is concluded that, according to data from the superior labor court in 2023, there was a significant increase in labor lawsuits related to the misuse of the hours bank. And, further, working hours management must respect the principles of human dignity and value of workers' time, balancing productivity and fundamental rights.
Youth Political Participation and the Promotion of Voter Registration
Youth political participation is essential for a representative and dynamic political landscape. Voter registration strengthens citizenship and ensures that youth demands are considered in decisions that shape the country’s future. The mobilization of this segment contributes to fairer public policies and a political system legitimized by generational diversity. Taking part in the electoral process enables more diverse representation and public policies that meet the needs of young people. This work results from a Master’s dissertation in Sociology at PPGS/UFPB, conducted in 2016, which analyzed the political participation of young people in the Northeast Youth Network between 2005 and 2011. The study sought to understand how these young people perceive political participation, democracy, and citizenship, considering youth as a mutable category, strongly influenced by their own experiences. The results indicate that, although many feel discouraged to participate, there is great potential for engagement when they are adequately encouraged. Initiatives such as dialogue spaces have proven effective in raising awareness about the importance of voting and political involvement. Youth participation strengthens democracy, promotes political renewal, and ensures that their voices are included in the decisions that shape the country’s future. Stimulating this mobilization is essential to making the political system more representative and to addressing the demands of new generations. In this way, youth engagement not only strengthens democracy but also contributes to a fairer and more inclusive system, where the perspectives of this generation are effectively considered in building the future.
STRUCTURED DECISIONS: WHAT DO THEY STRUCTURE?
This work explores the theoretical foundations of structural decisions, presenting them as essential mechanisms for reorganizing social, political, and institutional systems in situations of systemic violations of fundamental rights. The objective is to distinguish structural processes from traditional collective actions, emphasizing their unique features such as complexity, multipolarity, prospectivity, and institutional recomposition. The method applied is theoretical and comparative, analyzing case law from Brazil and abroad, with particular reference to the Brazilian environmental litigation of the coal industry and the landmark U.S. precedent Brown v. Board of Education. The analysis demonstrates that structural processes require the judiciary to adopt a proactive and prospective role that goes beyond the binary logic of ordinary adjudication, demanding continuous monitoring, cooperation with other branches of government, and an openness to social participation. The results show that structural decisions, when properly implemented, foster the creation of long-term policies and institutional reforms that directly address the root causes of systemic problems, ensuring not only the recognition of rights but their effective realization. The conclusion highlights that structural decisions represent an innovative procedural tool within the Brazilian legal system, capable of promoting social justice, consolidating constitutional effectiveness, and protecting human dignity in complex and multipolar disputes, even though they still face challenges such as political resistance and the need for specialized judicial expertise.
JURY COURT’S COMPETENCE TO ASSESS JEALOUSY AS A QUALIFYING CIRCUMSTANCE OF HOMICIDE
This study examines the Jury Court’s competence to determine whether a homicide was motivated by jealousy and whether such feeling, in the concrete case, qualifies the offence; it is a jurisprudential analysis illustrated with a contrasting evidentiary hypothesis. It aims to delineate the judge’s role at the indictment (pronúncia) stage and the operation of the in dubio pro societate principle when there is controversy over justifications such as self-defence. Methodologically, it reviews precedents that safeguard the jury’s sovereignty and allow the exclusion of qualifying circumstances only when they are manifestly unfounded, coupled with a scenario of divergent witness statements to demonstrate the need to submit the theses to the Jury Panel. The results indicate that the bench judge may not replace the jurors’ assessment regarding qualifying circumstances or justifications when reasonable doubt persists and must commit the defendant to trial so that the versions are assessed by the jury; they also show that jealousy, by itself, does not automatically qualify homicide and requires contextual factual scrutiny. It concludes that assessing motive (jealousy) and justifications lies within the Jury Court’s remit, and that prior judicial intervention is limited to rejecting qualifiers only when their impropriety is evident, thereby preserving the jury’s constitutional competence.
DEATH OF THE SOLE ATTORNEY NULLITY OF NOTICES SERVED IN COUNSEL’S NAME AND THE REQUIREMENT OF PROVEN PREJUDICE
This study examines the procedural effects of the death of the sole attorney of record, focusing on the validity of court notices issued in the deceased counsel’s name before the court is informed. The aim is to set criteria to recognize (or reject) nullity of such acts, reconciling the constitutional centrality of legal counsel with rules on suspension and regularization of representation, and with due process guarantees. The method is a doctrinal and case-law review with normative analysis of the Civil Procedure Code provisions on suspension and counsel replacement, together with the pas de nullité sans grief principle, under which nullity depends on demonstrated prejudice. The findings indicate that notices addressed to a deceased attorney do not fulfill their communicative purpose and are, as a rule, void; however, the sanction hinges on proof of concrete harm and on the absence of timely regularization of representation. Where a new attorney is appointed or valid notice is served directly on the party, validation may occur, provided the rights of defense and adversarial proceedings are preserved. The conclusion is that promptly informing the court of the death and regularizing representation are essential to avoid nullities; when actual prejudice from lack of technical defense is shown, notices issued in the deceased counsel’s name must be deemed null.
DISINFORMATION AND DIGITAL ELECTORAL CRIMES: CHALLENGES FOR DEMOCRACY – COMBATING FAKE NEWS AND THE USE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN CAMPAIGNS
This study analyzes the impacts of digital disinformation on the Brazilian Electoral process, with emphasis on the phenomenon of fake news and the increasing use of technologies such as algorithms, bots, and artificial Intelligence in Campaigns. The main objective is to examine how the circulation of false content undermines Electoral integrity, compromisses equality among candidates, and threatens fundamental democratic principles such as morality, fairness, and truthfulness. The methodology adopted was qualitative, combining bibliographic research from national and international literature published between 2018 and 2025 with a normative analysis of Brazilian legislation, particularly the Electoral Code and Resolution No. 23,732/2024 of the Superior Electoral Court (TSE). The results demonstrate that digital disinformation significantly interferes with voters’ freedom of choice, distorts political decision-making, and weakens trust in institutions. Moreover, the current business model of social media platforms, centered on engagement and virality, facilitates the large-scale dissemination of false information. Although Brazil has already established legal mechanisms to address electoral disinformation, and the TSE has advanced in regulation, repression alone proves insufficient. The conclusion emphasizes the need for preventive strategies, highlighting media literacy and digital education as essential tools to strengthen citizens’ critical capacity and safeguard the Democratic Rule of Law. International experiences, such as the European Union’s Digital Services Act, provide valuable referencies to improve Brazilian regulation. Therefore, confronting Electoral disinformation must be understood as a continuous and collective effort involving the State, civil Society, and technology companies to ensure Transparency, legitimacy, and trust in the democratic process.
DRUNK DRIVING AND ITS LEGAL AND SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS: AN ANALYSIS OF JURIDICAL DIVERGENCES AND THE EFFICIENCY OF PREVENTIVE MEASURES
Drunk driving is a critical public safety issue in Brazil, significantly contributing to fatal traffic accidents. This study analyzes the legal and social implications of drunk driving, focusing on the jurisprudential divergences regarding the characterization of *dolus eventualis* (eventual intent) and conscious negligence in accidents involving intoxicated drivers. Through qualitative and exploratory research, including a review of legislation such as the Brazilian Traffic Code and the Dry Law (Lei Seca), as well as jurisprudence and academic literature, this work examines the effectiveness of current legal frameworks. The results indicate that the lack of a judicial consensus on intent leads to inconsistent application of penalties, undermining their deterrent effect. Furthermore, the social and economic impacts of these accidents are severe, involving loss of life, high medical costs, and lost productivity. The conclusion emphasizes the urgent need for greater juridical uniformity in sanction application and reinforces the importance of integrated preventive strategies, such as educational campaigns, to foster a culture of responsibility and reduce traffic fatalities.
QUALIFYING CIRCUMSTANCES AND JEALOUSY BEFORE THE JURY
DISINFORMATION AND DIGITAL ELECTION CRIMES: CHALLENGES FOR DEMOCRACY (TACKLING FAKE NEWS AND THE USE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN CAMPAIGNS)
O presente trabalho tem como objetivo discutir os impactos da desinformação e dos crimes eleitorais digitais na democracia, com foco nas campanhas políticas brasileiras. Com o avanço das tecnologias e o uso crescente da inteligência artificial, o ambiente virtual tornou-se um terreno fértil para a disseminação de informações falsas, especialmente durante os períodos eleitorais. As chamadas fakenews circulam com rapidez por meio das redes sociais e são impulsionadas por algoritmos e perfis automatizados. Essas práticas comprometem o processo eleitoral ao influenciar a opinião pública com base em conteúdos distorcidos ou fraudulentos. Além disso, recursos como deepfakes têm sido utilizados para simular discursos de candidatos, confundindo os eleitores e violando o princípio da informação verdadeira. Apesar da existência de dispositivos legais, como o Código Eleitoral e a Lei nº 9.504/1997, a legislação ainda enfrenta desafios para acompanhar a evolução tecnológica e combater de forma eficaz os crimes digitais. A Justiça Eleitoral tem buscado respostas, mas carece de mecanismos mais modernos e eficazes. Dessa forma, o trabalho propõe medidas como o aprimoramento normativo, o desenvolvimento de estratégias preventivas e o investimento em educação midiática. A conscientização do eleitor e a responsabilização de agentes envolvidos na desinformação são caminhos fundamentais para garantir eleições mais justas e transparentes. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Desinformação. Eleições. Fake news. Inteligência artificial. Democracia.
THE IMPACT OF INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE ON PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT
International experience plays a crucial role in professional development within a globalized world. This study explores the benefits of international immersion, including skill enhancement, knowledge expansion, global networking, and the development of a global mindset. A qualitative methodology was employed, combining literature review and autobiographical data from one of the authors’ experiences during an intensive English course in London. The analysis highlights how international exposure fosters intercultural communication, problem-solving skills, and adaptability, all highly valued in diverse professional environments. The results demonstrate that international experiences significantly contribute to personal and professional growth, promoting cultural empathy and global citizenship. The study concludes that such experiences are transformative, equipping individuals with the competencies needed to thrive in interconnected global contexts.
This study aims to analyze the concept, foundations, purpose, and scope of the Police Power, as well as its main characteristics. The analysis is based on the doctrine presented in FILHO, José dos Santos C., Manual de Direito Administrativo, 38th Edition, 2024. Police Power can be defined as the State’s legal authority to impose limitations on individual freedoms and property use, in order to protect collective interests, public order, health, the environment, and social welfare. It is grounded in the principle of the supremacy of public interest, allowing the State to intervene in individual rights to safeguard the community. Police Power encompasses multiple dimensions — material, moral, cultural, environmental — and prioritizes collective over individual interests, covering areas such as construction, health, and traffic regulation. Its main characteristics include discretion, enabling the administration to act based on convenience and opportunity; self-executing authority, allowing immediate action without judicial approval; and coercibility, ensuring compliance with decisions regardless of individual consent. The study concludes that Police Power is essential for protecting collective interests by balancing individual rights and social welfare.
JEALOUSY, ABSENT OTHER CIRCUMSTANCES, DOES NOT CONSTITUTE A BASE MOTIVE
This study shows that jealousy, taken in isolation, does not constitute a base motive capable of qualifying homicide and that courts must assess the factual context and intensity of the emotion in each case. It is a descriptive-analytical, doctrinal study grounded in case-law review, distinguishing ordinary jealousy from situations in which, combined with additional elements, it may amount to a base motive. Methodologically, it examines criminal-law scholarship and decisions of Brazil’s superior courts, focusing on the reasoning used to apply or dismiss the qualifying circumstance. The findings indicate that baseness cannot be presumed from jealousy per se; to justify the qualifier, the sentiment must be linked to morally reprehensible purposes—such as revenge, possessiveness, humiliation, or instrumentalization of the victim—revealing contempt for human dignity. The study concludes that the mere presence of jealousy is insufficient to support the qualifier; a case-by-case assessment of the agent’s psychological state and the objective circumstances is required. Proper adjudication therefore depends on careful judicial reasoning and avoids generic or overly simplistic interpretations, ensuring the correct application of criminal law.
DEFECTS IN THE PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION DO NOT, BY THEMSELVES, VITIATE THE CRIMINAL ACTION THE NEED FOR CONCRETE PREJUDICE
This paper examines the Superior Court of Justice’s settled understanding that irregularities occurring during the preliminary investigation—an informational, non-essential stage—do not automatically nullify the criminal action. The aim is to set practical criteria for when defects in the police inquiry may taint the prosecution, under the pas de nullité sans grief principle, which requires proof of actual prejudice to the defendant. Methodologically, it conducts a case-law review emphasizing HC 460.684/SC and HC 597.051/SP, which, respectively, illustrate the need for a prejudice nexus and the sufficiency of independent evidence to support the charge. The findings indicate that investigative defects affect the criminal case only when they concretely impair the right to defense; where autonomous proof exists, proceedings may continue, thereby avoiding the invalidation of prosecutions due to minor investigative errors. The conclusion is that a rigorous prejudice assessment enhances legal certainty and preserves procedural integrity, since defects arising during the investigation generally do not impact the criminal action absent demonstrable and insurmountable harm.
USE OF LICIT AND ILLICIT SUBSTANCES AMONG WORKERS IN THE SÃO PATRÍCIO VALLEY, GOIÁS
The use of illicit substances can cause alterations in the Central Nervous System (CNS), constituting a global public health issue. In addition to brain damage, the consumption of these substances may lead to physical, psychological, social, occupational, and legal consequences. Objective: To assess the use of licit and illicit drugs among workers in the São Patrício Valley, Goiás, and its association with sex. Method: This is a cross-sectional, quantitative study conducted with workers in the São Patrício Valley, approved by the Ethics Committee (CEP) under protocol no. 6,436,246. The sample consisted of 804 participants, of whom 63.7% were female. The block of questions related to alcohol, drug, and tobacco use from the National School Health Survey (PeNSE) was applied. Data were analyzed using SPSS software, version 23.3, and the Chi-square test was used to compare variables. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Among respondents, 84.7% reported having consumed alcoholic beverages at some point in their lives, 28% reported having smoked at least one cigarette, and 7.6% reported having used drugs. When comparing between sexes, men reported higher consumption in the last 30 days of cigarettes (p < 0.001) and drugs (p < 0.001) compared to women. Regarding alcohol consumption, no significant difference was found between sexes (p = 0.207). Conclusion: Alcohol consumption showed the highest prevalence among substances, with no difference between sexes. Male workers reported higher consumption of cigarettes and illicit drugs. Therefore, it is necessary to develop and implement public policies to reduce alcohol and tobacco consumption among workers, especially men, since the use of these substances can cause numerous short-, medium-, and long-term health and quality of life impairm
SOCIAL SECURITY AS AN INSTRUMENT TO PROTECT VICTIMS. OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE IN BRAZIL
This paper aims to analyze how social security rights can be implemented as an effective mechanism for protection and financial support for victims of domestic violence, considering the existing regulatory gaps and the challenges in implementing public policies aimed at this vulnerable group. Domestic violence is a violation of human rights and is fundamentally linked to gender inequalities, becoming a persistent reality throughout the world, especially in Brazil. Thus, this study will seek to discuss the history of domestic violence in Brazil and the evolution of the Maria da Penha Law, as well as the different types of domestic violence provided for in the law and their rates, in addition to examining social security as an instrument for protecting victims, focusing on sickness benefits and survivor's pensions in cases of violence.
PRINCIPLES AND THEORIES OF COMMERCIAL CONTRACTS: FUNDAMENTALS AND APPLICATIONS IN CONTEMPORARY BUSINESS LAW
Commercial contracts, as fundamental tools for the development of business activities, are governed by specific principles and theories that differentiate them from civil contracts. This area of ​​contemporary business law analyzes the main theoretical and normative foundations that support commercial contracts, highlighting principles such as autonomy of will, the economic function, parity between the parties, and predictability in business relationships. The research adopts a doctrinal and analytical approach, based on national legislative frameworks and influences from comparative law. Modern theories such as the theory of unpredictability, the social function of the contract, and objective good faith are also explored, observing and investigating how these elements have been incorporated into business contractual practice. The findings of the studies demonstrate that commercial contracts, with their own legal framework, have been progressively influenced by principles of public order and social values, aiming for contractual balance and economic efficiency. It is important to understand the principles and theories applicable to commercial contracts, which are vital for the proper interpretation and drafting of these instruments, especially in a constantly changing legal landscape.
RELIGION AND CITIZENSHIP: RELIGION AS A MEANS OF BUILDING CITIZENSHIP
This article investigates how religion can act as a means of building citizenship in contexts of social inequality, drawing on the perspectives of C.S. Lewis, Vishal Mangalwadi, Anthony Giddens, Philip W. Sutton, Artur R. I. L. Filho, Sheila B. Ost, and Wilian J. Bonete. The study aims to analyze how religious values and practices contribute to social inclusion, justice, and civic engagement. Methodologically, it combines bibliographic research with fieldwork through semi-structured interviews with representatives of six religious communities—Evangelical, Catholic, Islamic, Jewish, Buddhist, and Spiritist—thus ensuring diverse perspectives. The results show that religious communities promote citizenship through concrete actions such as food distribution, professional training, support for families, environmental projects, literacy programs, and social inclusion initiatives. These practices not only provide immediate assistance but also encourage civic participation, solidarity, and ethical responsibility. The theoretical framework reinforces that religious ethics, as highlighted by Lewis and Mangalwadi, strengthen values of justice, compassion, and human dignity, while the sociological contributions of Giddens and Sutton emphasize religion’s role in fostering social cohesion and transformative action. The findings confirm that religion, when authentically practiced, contributes significantly to mitigating inequalities and shaping citizens who are conscious, engaged, and committed to building a fairer and more inclusive society.
RURAL INSURANCE AND ECONOMIC PROMOTION OF FAMILY AGRIBUSINESS
Knowing that there are various tools that can be used as mechanisms capable of promoting the economy of rural communities, it is clear to discuss whether the securitization of rural activities, or rather, of agribusiness, would have this power. Hence the reason for the study to point out the impact of rural insurance on the economic activity of rural producers and their communities in Brazil, believing that the contracting of this type of insurance, by reducing uncertainty and the impact of large losses, encourages new investments generating development. The work's guiding hypothesis, considering that the creation of a network of policyholders would strengthen the economy of rural communities as a result of mutualism.
JUDICIALIZATION OF POLITICS: CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS
This study analyzes the current landscape and future perspectives of Brazilian Electoral Law, highlighting its complexities and the importance of ongoing legislative transformations. Initially, the historical development of Electoral Law is explored, emphasizing the significant reforms that have shaped its current framework. The impact of social media and the spread of fake news present a considerable contemporary challenge, requiring decisive actions from the Electoral Justice to preserve the integrity of the democratic process. The role of the Electoral Justice is vital, promoting transparency and equality in electoral campaigns through the oversight of campaign financing and the regulation of digital advertising. Recent decisions by the Superior Electoral Court (TSE) and the Regional Electoral Courts (TREs) have been fundamental in adapting the rules to contemporary reality, providing a legal basis that balances technological innovation with democratic principles. The study also explores possible future directions for Electoral Law, including the use of emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence, to optimize and secure electoral processes. Strengthening political education and social inclusion is crucial to ensuring broader and fairer representation, fostering resilience and public trust. It is concluded that the success of the Brazilian electoral system in the face of emerging challenges will depend on its ability to innovate while maintaining a firm commitment to fairness and transparency. The strengthening of Electoral Law is, therefore, essential for maintaining a robust and legitimate democracy, capable of ensuring fair and representative elections for all Brazilian citizens.
THE ROLE OF THE ELECTORAL PUBLIC PROSECUTOR’S OFFICE IN THE BRAZILIAN ELECTORAL PROCESS: Performance, Limitations, and Challenges
ABSTRACT The 1988 Constitution defines the Public Prosecutor’s Office (MP) as essential to the jurisdictional function of the democratic state. In the electoral context, the Electoral Public Prosecutor’s Office (MPE) is composed of members of both the Federal and State Public Prosecutor’s Offices. The objective of this study is to analyze the role of the MPE in the Brazilian electoral process, identifying its performance, limitations, and current challenges. The method used was bibliographic and documentary research, based on relevant legislation and institutional manuals. The results indicate that the MP has legitimacy to act in all stages of the electoral process, from the registration of candidacies to the certification of elected candidates. However, it faces significant challenges, such as certain electoral crimes, combating electoral corruption, abuses of political and economic power, as well as current issues such as electoral disinformation. The MPE has structural and normative limitations, such as the lack of its own structure and the delegation of Federal Public Prosecutor’s Office functions to the MPE in the first instance. Recent initiatives, such as CNMP Resolution No. 297/2024, promote the integrated action of the MPE with other institutions, such as the Special Action Groups to Combat Organized Crime (GAECOs), with the goal of combating the influence of criminal organizations in the electoral process. It is concluded that the MPE is fundamental to ensuring the integrity of the electoral process in Brazil. However, to face contemporary challenges, it is imperative to strengthen its structure, promote continuous training, and foster integration with other institutions, thereby ensuring the effectiveness of its constitutional mission within the electoral system.
APPLICATION OF THE SELIC RATE TO THE MONETARY UPDATE OF TAX UNDUE PAYMENTS
This paper examines the application of Brazil’s SELIC rate to the monetary update of tax undue payments, focusing on refunds and set-offs under federal law and superior court case law. It aims to define the scope of SELIC as a single index (interest plus inflation) in both refund of undue payments and the remuneration of judicial and extrajudicial deposits, and to assess the prohibition on cumulating SELIC with other indices. Methodologically, it combines a literature review, analysis of the relevant statutes (notably Laws Nos. 9,250/1995 and 9,703/1998), and a survey of precedents, emphasizing the ratio decidendi and practical consequences for taxpayers and the Treasury. The findings show a consolidated understanding that SELIC operates as the standard index for updating and remunerating taxpayers’ credits in the federal sphere, barring overlap with autonomous correction or interest and properly distinguishing deposit remuneration from the update of undue-payment credits. Practical effects include greater predictability and standardized calculations, with fewer disputes, subject to subnational specificities and administrative procedures. It concludes that adopting SELIC as a single index enhances legal certainty, prevents double counting (bis in idem), and promotes stability in taxpayer-tax authority relations.
THE IMPORTANCE OF FINANCIAL EDUCATION IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL: A PROJECT WITH CHILDREN AND FAMILIES
Financial education is crucial for developing conscious citizens from an early age. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of educational approaches in raising awareness about financial education among children in the first phase of elementary school, a field with a scarcity of dedicated research. The project employed a qualitative approach, combining a literature review, an online questionnaire for parents (n=56), and an educational intervention workshop for 16 children aged 7 to 10. The intervention used playful and interactive strategies, such as storytelling with Monica's Gang characters, theater, and a simulated "ambulant market." The questionnaire results revealed that while 94.6% of parents recognize the importance of early financial education, 54.4% of children do not receive a regular allowance. However, most families share financial information (58.9%) and encourage the habit of saving (76.8%). The practical workshop was highly successful, with participant reports confirming the effectiveness of the engaging methodology. The study concludes that introducing financial education through ludic activities is an effective strategy for developing financial literacy from childhood, forming individuals capable of making informed and responsible financial decisions. This project highlights the potential of such initiatives to positively contribute to children's future financial development.
José dos Santos Carvalho Filho, in Chapter 3 of his Manual de Direito Administrativo (38th edition, 2024), explains the concept of police power as the State's ability to limit individual liberties and the use of property in the public interest. The author highlights that this power has a constitutional basis and must be exercised in accordance with the principles of legality, proportionality, and rationality. Furthermore, he emphasizes that police power differs from other state actions, as it involves the use of force in favor and service of the State to maintain its authority and preserve public order.
LISTING OF ASSETS UNDER ARTICLE 64 OF LAW NO. 9,532/1997: PATRIMONIAL MONITORING WITHOUT RESTRICTING FREE DISPOSAL
This paper examines the “listing of assets” (arrolamento de bens) provided for in Article 64 of Law No. 9,532/1997 as an administrative instrument for tax oversight, focusing on its preventive purpose and legal limits. It aims to show that the measure enables the tax administration to monitor the taxpayer’s patrimonial evolution without barring free disposal of assets, while identifying scenarios that may justify more stringent safeguards. Methodologically, it relies on a literature review, statutory analysis, and a survey of Superior Court of Justice precedents, emphasizing the ratio decidendi and practical effects for the Treasury and taxpayers. The findings indicate that asset listing operates as a control and transparency mechanism based on objective fiscal-relevance thresholds and a duty to report material changes, and that it is not equivalent to seizure or unavailability of assets. Attempts to conceal or dissipate assets, however, may trigger autonomous precautionary or constrictive measures under applicable law. It concludes that, by facilitating patrimonial monitoring without restricting asset circulation, the listing regime strengthens legal certainty, discourages fraud, and streamlines tax enforcement while balancing collection efficiency with taxpayer guarantees.
REVERSING THE ORDER UNDER ARTICLE 400 OF THE CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE DOES NOT CONSTITUTE NULLITY WHEN TESTIMONY IS TAKEN BY LETTERS ROGATORY, WHOSE ISSUANCE DOES NOT STAY THE PROCEEDINGS.
This paper examines whether reversing the order set by article 400 of the Brazilian Code of Criminal Procedure—under which the defendant’s examination closes the evidentiary stage after witness testimony—amounts to nullity when testimony is taken by carta precatória (letters rogatory), a situation in which issuing the letter does not stay the criminal case. It is a doctrinal and case-law review addressing the last-act nature of the defendant’s examination, the continuity of proceedings before the requesting court, and the requirement of demonstrable prejudice. The aim is to state practical criteria for recognizing (or rejecting) nullity in carta precatória scenarios, in light of article 563 (pas de nullité sans grief) and timeliness rules (arts. 571–572). The method consisted of a critical analysis of scholarship and precedents on the order of acts, evidence gathered by letters rogatory, and preclusion. The findings indicate that: (i) inversion resulting from letters rogatory, by itself, does not create nullity; (ii) any nullity requires proof of actual prejudice and must be raised at the hearing or at the first opportunity, on pain of preclusion; and (iii) the judge must safeguard adversarial proceedings and the right to be heard, including reopening statements when warranted. It concludes that article 400 is observed without halting the case due to letters rogatory and that nullity arises only upon proof of concrete procedural harm.
SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY, VALUES, AND HUMAN DIGNITY
This study reflects on social responsibility, values, and human dignity, focusing on experiences of civil society initiatives dedicated to caring for human beings. Grounded in the works Mere Christianity by C. S. Lewis and The Book That Made Your World by Vishal Mangalwadi, the research investigates how Christian principles can shape social responsibility practices and foster human dignity. The methodology combines bibliographic research and analysis of social actions, particularly observing the activities of the Movimento de Cursilhos de Cristandade (MCC) in Itapaci, Goiás. Results indicate that MCC promotes human dignity through diverse initiatives such as food and clothing donations, family support, community celebrations, and marriage preparation courses, in collaboration with local parishes and communities. These actions are supported by voluntary contributions and community events, ensuring transparency and accountability. The study highlights that beyond material charity, MCC fosters moral and spiritual growth, encouraging citizens to embrace social responsibility as an expression of Christian faith. The findings reinforce that civil society organizations, guided by Christian ethics, play a vital role in strengthening social cohesion, reducing inequalities, and advancing human dignity in contemporary society.
USE OF HANDCUFFS IN THE JURY TRIAL COURTROOM EXCEPTIONALITY, WRITTEN JUSTIFICATION, AND EFFECTS ON THE VERDICT
This paper examines the use of handcuffs in Brazilian jury trials in light of Binding Precedent No. 11 of the Federal Supreme Court and Decree-Law No. 3,689/1941 (Code of Criminal Procedure), identifying when restraint is lawful, how it must be justified, and whether it may bias jurors. It aims to delineate the exceptional nature of handcuffing, the requirement of written reasons and record, and the procedural consequences of non-compliance (nullity and potential liability), while assessing impacts on human dignity and the presumption of innocence. Methodologically, it adopts a doctrinal-normative, bibliographic approach with an inductive method focused on documentary analysis of the CPP and the STF’s binding precedent. The findings indicate that handcuffs are permissible only in cases of resistance, well-founded risk of escape, or danger to the physical integrity of the defendant or others, and the measure must be expressly reasoned and recorded; displaying a handcuffed defendant before the jury may stigmatize and improperly influence fact-finding, so judges should prevent undue contamination and order removal when appropriate. It concludes that handcuffing is exceptional and contingent on written justification; disregard of the legal parameters entails nullity and possible liabilities, whereas judicial caution preserves the defendant’s dignity, the presumption of innocence, and the integrity of the verdict.
FROM LEGAL TRADITION TO THE CHALLENGES OF THE DIGITAL AGE: LEGAL PERSPECTIVES ON ELECTORAL LAW AND THE CONSTRUCTION OF BRAZILIAN DEMOCRACY
The digital age has generated significant impacts in several areas. In Law it was no different, specifically in Brazilian Electoral Law, which has undergone considerable changes due to technological advances. In the past, the rules were based on traditional practices, and challenges that previously did not exist today require special attention, as they can strongly influence the Brazilian electoral scenario, such as disinformation and the use of social media, which can directly impact voting. It is necessary to reflect on how the Brazilian legal system keeps pace with these changes and contributes to strengthening democracy. The present study aims to analyze the transition from traditional Electoral Law and the legal paths in the face of digital challenges, preserving democracy. The methodology used was bibliographic and documentary review, with emphasis on the Civil Rights Framework for the Internet (Law nº 12.965/2014) and the creation of the Integrated Center for Combating Disinformation and Defense of Democracy (CIEDDE). It was observed that, even with some advances in the regulation of the digital environment, there are still issues that need to be resolved, mainly regarding the supervision of online campaigns and the fight against “fake news,” which can compromise the structure of the Brazilian electoral system. In order to guarantee fair and transparent elections, it is clear that, in addition to strengthening institutions and political education, constant updating of electoral rules and efficient coordination between technology, law, and society are also required.
DESINFORMATION AND DIGITAL ELEITORAL CRIMES: CHALLENGES FOR DEMOCRACY
Introduction: One of the main challenges for democracy in the digital age is so-called Fake News, or disinformation. It occurs through the massive dissemination of false news and misleading content. This risk increases during electoral periods, impacting voters’ decision-making and threatening the integrity of the process. The problem intensified especially during the 2022 elections, reaching unprecedented proportions due to the advancement of technology and social media. Objective: To analyze the phenomenon of electoral disinformation, its impacts, and ways to combat it. Method: Qualitative literature review based on the analysis of case law from the Superior Electoral Court (TSE) and other studies collected via Google Scholar between 2020 and 2025. Results: Electoral disinformation campaigns in Brazil have intensified in recent years, with the 2018 elections as a turning point and reaching new heights in 2022. The narratives often aim to undermine trust in the electoral system and attack democratic institutions (such as the TSE and STF) and opposing candidates. Conclusion: According to the documents collected, disinformation directly affects democracy due to social wear and the attempt to divide the population. This requires continuous and coordinated efforts among the judiciary, digital platforms, civil society, and public agencies. Legislation must be constantly improved, with slander, defamation, and insult already considered crimes, while also seeking to increase transparency, promote media literacy, and better define the boundaries between freedom of expression and the spread of harmful false content.
Isadora de Souza Gonçalves Silveira Aguiar
JUDICIAL AND EXTRAJUDICIAL DEPOSITS OF FEDERAL TAXES: UPDATE BY SELIC AFTER LAW NO. 9,703/1998
This article examines the updating regime applicable to judicial and extrajudicial deposits related to federal taxes made after the entry into force of Law No. 9,703/1998, arguing that such amounts are updated by Brazil’s SELIC rate, thereby preserving their real value and providing predictability for future release or refund. The objective is to delineate the temporal and material scope of this framework, clarify its interaction with the tax law system of interest and indexation, and highlight practical consequences for taxpayers and the Treasury. The method is doctrinal and case-law based, combining a literature review with an analysis of statutes and precedents, as well as the administrative and banking procedures applicable to deposits tied to tax disputes. The findings indicate that, for deposits made after the law came into force, SELIC operates as a single updating index, simplifying calculations, enhancing transparency for the parties, and reducing disputes over alternative indices; they also underscore the need to assess earlier deposits, which may be subject to different correction rules. The conclusion is that the legislative choice of SELIC fosters legal certainty and equal treatment among similarly situated taxpayers, while requiring verification of the deposit date and compliance with specific court orders, particularly for deposits predating the statute or in exceptional scenarios of effect modulation.
REFLECTION ON CITIZENSHIP, ETHICS, AND SPIRITUALITY THROUGH THE FILM THE BOY WHO HARNESSED THE WIND
This report describes the experience lived by the students in the course Citizenship, Ethics, and Spirituality, offered in the Administration program at Universidade Evangélica de Goiás - Campus Rubiataba, during the 2nd semester of 2024. The activity was designed with the purpose of fostering critical reflection and civic formation through the analysis of the film The Boy Who Harnessed the Wind (2019), directed by Chiwetel Ejiofor, which depicts the trajectory of William Kamkwamba, a young Malawian who, in the face of extreme poverty and food insecurity, used education and innovation to build a wind turbine capable of transforming the reality of his community. The activity was carried out through collective planning by the students, the film screening, and discussions that allowed the exploration of the values conveyed by the narrative. The conduction of the activity was based on active learning, which encouraged dialogue, cooperation, and the joint construction of knowledge. During the process, challenges related to interpreting the central message arose, which were overcome through the alignment of ideas and collaboration among the participants. The analysis highlighted education as a tool for emancipation, ethics as a foundation for responsible decision-making, and spirituality as a source of hope and resilience in the face of adversity. When applied to social reality, these elements proved capable of promoting significant changes, strengthening active citizenship, and fostering collective responsibility. It is concluded that the experience provided integration between theory and practice, broadened the students’ critical perspective, and consolidated their identity as future professionals committed to social justice and community transformation.
Abstract: According to Rizzatto Nunes[1], the Brazilian Consumer Defense Code (CDC) (Law No. 8,078/1990) holds significant importance in ensuring legal protection for consumers in Brazil. This is because it acknowledges the consumer’s vulnerability in the face of the supplier’s economic power. In order to secure balance in consumer contractual relations, the CDC established fundamental guidelines for identifying abusive clauses, whose nullity must be recognized under Article 51.
DEFAULT AND NEGOTIABLE OBLIGATIONS: LEGAL AND SOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF IMPLICATIONS AND STRATEGIES FOR CONTRACTUAL BALANCE
The Law of Obligations encompasses rights of a patrimonial nature, with negotiable obligations arising from agreements between parties. This paper aims to describe the main negotiable obligations in daily life and analyze the legal ramifications of default, discussing effective strategies for creditors and debtors. The analysis considers norms present in the Civil Code, Code of Civil Procedure, Penal Code, and Consumer Defense Code. The methodology adopts a bibliographic review, analysis of recent jurisprudence from the Court of Justice of Goiás (2021-2024), and concepts from legal sociology, based on authors such as Durkheim and other renowned scholars, to provide a broader understanding of the impact of default on unavailable rights, such as personality and moral rights. Finally, the article suggests prevention and resolution practices for those involved.
THE PAS DE NULLITÉ SANS GRIEF PRINCIPLE IN CRIMINAL PROCEDURE: NULLITY DEPENDS ON PROVEN PREJUDICE
This study examines the pas de nullité sans grief principle enshrined in article 563 of the Brazilian Code of Criminal Procedure, under which a procedural act is void only upon proof of actual prejudice. It is a doctrinal and case-law review that systematizes criteria for assessing procedural harm and for controlling formal defects. The aim is to indicate, in practical terms, when procedural flaws substantially affect prosecution or defense rights so as to justify invalidation. The method consisted of analyzing textbooks and precedents that relate prejudice review to truth-seeking and procedural efficiency, distinguishing harmless irregularities from errors capable of undermining the decision. The findings show that: (i) nullity is not presumed and does not flow automatically from formal defects; (ii) the party alleging nullity must concretely demonstrate the link between the defect and the impairment of procedural rights; and (iii) the judge must provide reasons for the prejudice assessment in light of the evidentiary context. It concludes that a restrictive, well-reasoned application of the principle preserves procedural regularity without sacrificing effectiveness, avoiding pointless annulments and promoting materially just decisions.
SCREEN TIME AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ASSOCIATED WITH QUALITY OF LIFE AND MENTAL HEALTH OF FEDERAL NETWORK EMPLOYEES: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Ensuring quality of life (QoL) and mental health for employees is crucial for promoting a healthy and productive work environment, especially within the educational sector. However, physical inactivity and screen time are prevalent among this population. To assess the association between screen time and physical activity (PA) with QoL and mental health among employees of Brazil’s Federal Network of Education. This is an epidemiological cross-sectional study conducted from June to November 2022. The sample included 1,563 employees from the Brazilian Federal Network. The WHOQOL-bref and DASS-21 questionnaires were used to assess the dependent variables. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Federal Institute of Goiano – Ceres Campus (Approval No. 5.270.596). Statistical analyses were performed using SigmaPlot software (version 14.0). The results showed that 57.5% of the sample were female, and 55.6% engaged in regular PA, presenting fewer symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress (p < 0.001). Additionally, 76.9% reported spending five or more hours per day on a computer, and these participants had higher levels of depression (p = 0.002) and anxiety (p = 0.016). Those who engaged in regular PA showed better QoL across all WHOQOL-bref domains (p < 0.001). Conversely, those who watched TV or used a computer for five or more hours per day reported worse QoL in the physical, psychological (p < 0.05), and environmental (p < 0.002) domains. The current findings highlight the need for targeted intervention strategies for employees in Brazilian education to promote increased physical activity and reduced screen time, aiming to enhance QoL and mental health in this population.
THE IMPACT OF FAKE NEWS ON PUBLIC OPINION FORMATION AND THE LIMITS OF STATE INTERVENTION
ABSTRACT The advancement of information technologies has increased the circulation of data, but also intensified the propagation of so-called fake news. This phenomenon, marked by the deliberate dissemination of false or distorted information, directly impacts the formation of public opinion and interferes with democratic processes, such as elections. This study aims to investigate how fake news shapes voters' perceptions and the extent to which the State can intervene without violating constitutional guarantees, such as freedom of expression. The research uses a qualitative approach, based on a literature review and documentary analysis, seeking to reflect on the role of digital platforms, the challenge of regulation, and the risks of censorship. It concludes that combating disinformation requires coordinated actions between the State, civil society, and the private sector, ensuring transparency, accountability, and media literacy as pillars of an informed democracy. INTRODUCTION In recent years, the phenomenon of fake news has gained centrality in the global public debate, especially given its role in the 2016 United States presidential election, the 2018 and 2022 Brexit referendum, and the Brazilian elections in 2018 and 2022. In Brazil, the population's vulnerability to misinformation is heightened by a poorly regulated digital environment, low media literacy, and socioeconomic factors that make it difficult to verify information. It should be noted that disinformation operates through emotional manipulation techniques, appealing to prior beliefs and prejudices, which makes its dismantling more complex than simple factual denial (Rodrigues; Banone; Mielli, 2020). This study aims to investigate the impacts of fake news on public opinion formation, focusing on the risks to the integrity of democratic processes and the constitutional limits on state intervention. The following question is posed: how can the State act to combat disinformation without violating the constitutional principles of freedom of expression and political pluralism? The justification for this study lies in the urgency of establishing legal frameworks that tackle the problem with a balance between protecting fundamental rights and preserving the democratic order. The relevance of this topic grows given the realization that informational manipulation compromises free and informed voting, the foundation of any democratic regime. METHOD The research adopted a qualitative and exploratory approach, based on a literature review and document analysis. Works by renowned authors in the fields of communication, constitutional law, and political science were consulted, as well as institutional reports from the Superior Electoral Court (TSE), the Federal Supreme Court (STF), the United Nations (UN), and the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights. The methodology included a hermeneutic analysis of legal and regulatory documents, with an emphasis on case law related to the regulation of internet content and the limits of state censorship. The triangulation of sources sought to ensure greater robustness in the analysis, expanding the debate on the contemporary challenges of information regulation. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION/EXPERIENCE REPORT It is observed that fake news operates based on a logic of viralization, encouraged by digital platform algorithms that prioritize engagement over informational veracity (França; Camarão, 2022). This model fosters the creation of "information bubbles," in which pre-existing views are reinforced and contact with divergent perspectives is reduced, contributing to radicalization and the formation of ideological comfort zones. In Brazil, TSE reports indicate that, in the 2018 and 2022 elections, misinformation content circulated on networks such as WhatsApp, Telegram, and Facebook with greater speed and reach than news verified by traditional media outlets. Disinformation largely exploited religious discourse, conspiracy theories, and anti-political sentiments, fostering polarization and undermining trust in institutions (Carvalho Almeida, 2020). The intervention of the Federal Supreme Court (STF), which ordered the suspension of profiles and the removal of content in the context of investigations related to so-called "digital militias," sparked intense debate. Although grounded in the need to protect the democratic order, the judicial action raised concerns about the possibility of prior censorship, which is expressly prohibited by Article 220, §2, of the 1988 Federal Constitution (Carvalho Almeida, 2020). The 1988 Constitution, when addressing freedom of expression (art. 5, IX) and freedom of journalistic information (art. 220), establishes that "no law shall contain any provision that may constitute an obstacle to the full freedom of journalistic information" and that "any and all censorship of a political, ideological, and artistic nature is prohibited" (art. 220, §2 and §3, II). Thus, the protection of freedom of information must be reconciled with the prohibition of anonymity and subsequent liability for any abuses (Barreto, 2024). Internationally, experiences such as that of the German NetzDG, which requires digital platforms to remove manifestly illegal content within 24 hours, offer models for regulatory responses. However, European legislation has evolved toward more balanced models, such as the European Union's Digital Services Act (DSA), which establishes obligations of transparency, proportional accountability, and respect for fundamental rights in content moderation practices. This approach seeks to avoid the risk of excessive removals that could constitute indirect censorship. The DSA introduces measures such as the obligation to provide periodic transparency reports, the requirement for clear explanations of the reasons for content removal, and the possibility of users to challenge the rules. The DSA seeks to balance combating disinformation with preserving freedom of expression. This model can inspire the Brazilian legal system, offering parameters of proportionality and due process in digital regulation. In Brazil, Bill No. 2630/2020 ("Fake News Bill") proposes the creation of transparency mechanisms for content moderation and the promotion of political propaganda, in addition to mandatory tracking of mass-forwarded messages. However, its wording still requires improvements, especially regarding the precise definition of "misinformation" and the provision of procedural guarantees against arbitrary removals (Barreto, 2024). It also highlights the need to regulate the activities of digital platforms, recognizing their role in mediating public debate. Transparency regarding ranking algorithms and content deletion policies is an essential condition for preserving a democratic information environment (França; Camarão, 2022). It is clear that the internet, far from remaining an unregulated space, has become the main battleground for truth, collective memory, and democratic values. Thus, combating disinformation requires digital governance that combines proportionate state regulation, responsible self-regulation, and active civil society participation (França; Camarão, 2022). Furthermore, any content monitoring and removal mechanism must observe due process, guaranteeing users the right to a full defense and to a rebuttal, as well as the existence of independent bodies for reviewing platform decisions. Strengthening media literacy, from the earliest stages of schooling, is also an indispensable measure for building a critical and resilient citizenry in the face of contemporary informational risks. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS This study demonstrated that combating fake news is a complex task, requiring a balance between freedom of expression and the State's duty to protect the democratic order. The impacts of fake news on public opinion formation compromise the electoral process, foster polarization, and undermine the public sphere as a place for rational debate. It is concluded that the State must intervene responsibly and proportionally, prioritizing educational actions, strengthening fact-checking institutions, and demanding greater accountability from digital platforms for the content they publish. At the same time, it is necessary to prevent measures to combat disinformation from becoming mechanisms for thought control. Therefore, it is recommended that clear and democratic legal frameworks be created, with independent oversight and civil society participation. Future studies may deepen the comparative analysis with other countries and evaluate the effects of regulatory policies on information freedom. REFERENCES BARRETO, Alana Maria Passos. Fake News, Financing, and Regulation of Social Networks: In Search of Harmonization. Public Law Journal, Brasília, v. 20, n. 2, 2023. Available at: https://www.portaldeperiodicos.idp.edu.br/direitopublico/article/view/7418. Accessed on: May 13 2025. CARVALHO ALMEIDA, . Fake News and Democracy: An Investigation of the Mechanisms for Controlling Disinformation in Brazil. Avant Journal, Florianópolis, v. 4, n. 2, p. 418–435, 2020. Available at: https://ojs.sites.ufsc.br/index.php/avant/article/view/6897. Accessed on: May 13. 2025. FRANÇA, Alexsandro José Rabelo; CAMARÃO, Felipe Costa. Regulating Fake News: National and International Regulations to Combat False News. GEI Journal, v. 8, n. 1, 2023. Available at: https://www.periodicojs.com.br/index.php/gei/article/download/826/653/3071. Accessed: May 13, 2025. RODRIGUES, T. M.; BONONE, L.; MIELLI, R. DISINFORMATION AND THE CRISIS OF DEMOCRACY IN BRAZIL: Is it Possible to Regulate Fake News?. Confluences. Interdisciplinary Journal of Sociology and Law, v. 22, n. 3, p. 30-52, December 2, 2020.
DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES AND MENTAL HEALTH: CHALLENGES AND SUPPORT STRATEGIES IN THE EDUCATIONAL CONTEXT
The intensive use of digital technologies in the educational environment has generated significant impacts on students’ mental health. Hyperconnection, excessive screen time, and emergency remote teaching have brought to light issues related to anxiety, depression, and learning difficulties. Furthermore, inequality in access to technologies can exacerbate students’ emotional challenges. Objective: To investigate the impacts of excessive use of digital technologies on the mental health of higher education students, analyzing educational and technological strategies that can promote emotional well-being and the balanced use of digital media in the school environment. Method: The research was conducted through a literature review on the impact of digital technologies in the educational environment. Articles on active methodologies, educational technologies, emotional health in remote environments, and emotional support strategies mediated by Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) were considered. Results: The studies analyzed demonstrated that excessive screen exposure can increase levels of anxiety, stress, and depression among students. However, strategies such as the use of active methodologies, collaborative digital learning environments, and emotional support through ICTs can mitigate these negative effects. Technologies such as artificial intelligence and digital platforms have the potential to support the development of socio-emotional skills and promote a more welcoming school environment. Conclusion: The use of digital technologies in the educational context must be balanced and combined with emotional support strategies. The promotion of innovative pedagogical practices and the integration of ICTs can contribute to a healthier and emotionally balanced learning environment.
YOUTH POLITICAL PARTICIPATION AND ENCOURAGING VOTER REGISTRATION
Youth political participation is essential for a representative and dynamic political landscape. Voter registration strengthens citizenship and ensures that youth demands are considered in decisions that shape the country’s future. The mobilization of this segment contributes to fairer public policies and a political system legitimized by generational diversity. Taking part in the electoral process enables more diverse representation and public policies that meet the needs of young people.This work results from a Master’s dissertation in Sociology at PPGS/UFPB, conducted in 2016, which analyzed the political participation of young people in the Northeast Youth Network between 2005 and 2011. The study sought to understand how these young people perceive political participation, democracy, and citizenship, considering youth as a mutable category, strongly influenced by their own experiences.The results indicate that, although many feel discouraged to participate, there is great potential for engagement when they are adequately encouraged. Initiatives such as dialogue spaces have proven effective in raising awareness about the importance of voting and political involvement. Youth participation strengthens democracy, promotes political renewal, and ensures that their voices are included in the decisions that shape the country’s future.Stimulating this mobilization is essential to making the political system more representative and to addressing the demands of new generations. In this way, youth engagement not only strengthens democracy but also contributes to a fairer and more inclusive system, where the perspectives of this generation are effectively considered in building the future.
HUMAN RIGHTS AND RELIGION: SOME CONTEMPORARY REFLECTIONS
This study examines the intersection between human rights and religion, focusing on how religious traditions, particularly the Judeo-Christian tradition, influence the understanding and promotion of human rights in contemporary Brazil. Using works by C.S. Lewis, Max Weber, and Vishal Mangalwadi, alongside the Universal Declaration of Human Rights as a reference, the research explores how religious values can either strengthen or challenge the application of human rights principles. The methodology combines bibliographic analysis with insights from interviews with a Doctor of Law specializing in human rights. The results highlight the significant role of religious traditions in shaping moral foundations for human rights, while also revealing tensions between religious freedom and other fundamental rights, such as gender equality and minority protections. The study concludes that constructive dialogue and reform within religious practices are essential to align spiritual principles with universal human rights values, fostering a more just and inclusive society.
ABUSE OF ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL POWER IN ELECTION CAMPAIGNS
This study provides a critical analysis of the abuse of economic and political power in Brazilian electoral campaigns, highlighting its impacts on democratic legitimacy, equal opportunities among candidates, and the free expression of popular will. The methodology combines bibliographic, normative, and jurisprudential research, examining scholarly works, legal provisions, and decisions of the Superior Electoral Court (TSE). Economic abuse is identified in the excessive use of financial resources, while political abuse occurs through the misuse of public machinery for electoral gain. Recent cases, such as lawsuits against the governor of Pará and against candidate Pablo Marçal, illustrate abusive practices involving the distribution of benefits, misuse of institutional communication, and commercialization of political support. Current legislation — notably Law No. 9,504/1997 and Complementary Law No. 64/1990 — provides sanctions such as annulment of registration or diploma and ineligibility, but enforcement is often weakened by procedural delays. Advances include the prohibition of corporate donations, the criminalization of undeclared campaign funds, and increased social awareness. However, significant challenges persist, including structural inequality, new forms of digital abuse, and weaknesses in real-time monitoring. Recommendations include strengthening oversight mechanisms through artificial intelligence, legislative improvements, reform of campaign financing, and political education. The study concludes that, although normative and institutional progress has been made, greater transparency, faster judicial processes, and more effective sanctions are essential to safeguard the integrity of the electoral process and representative democracy in Brazil.
WOMEN’S CANDIDACIES: AN ANALYSIS OF FEMALE REPRESENTATION IN ELECTIONS
At present, Brazil faces significant challenges to its democracy from an electoral perspective, particularly concerning the exercise of women’s passive participation in elections. Only belatedly, in 1932, did women acquire the right and duty to vote, thereby gaining both active electoral capacity (the right to vote) and passive electoral capacity (the right to be elected). Drawing on a theoretical, qualitative, and comparative approach, and based on the analysis of academic studies, it becomes evident that compliance with the minimum percentage of female candidacies often serves merely a symbolic function, with women being included as token candidates to complete party slates. Law 9.504/97 established a gender quota of at least 30%. However, this measure has failed to generate the intended inclusion, due to factors such as structural machismo, lack of financial investment, and widespread fraudulent practices carried out by political parties and coalitions through the use of fictitious female candidacies. These so-called token candidacies are created solely to meet the quota requirement, producing tangible effects—for instance, in the 2024 city council elections, only 18% of those elected were women, despite women comprising more than 50% of the Brazilian electorate. It follows that the State must play a proactive role in guaranteeing, across all sectors, the necessary conditions for the effective implementation of such affirmative development policies, including the oversight and sanctioning of political parties that engage in fraudulent practices. This analysis demonstrates that gender quotas alone are insufficient to balance female representation and gender equality within the Brazilian political sphere, with profound implications for democracy.
TAXPAYER’S FILING OF A RETURN ACKNOWLEDGING TAX DEBT CONSTITUTES THE TAX CREDIT AND DISPENSES WITH FURTHER ADMINISTRATIVE ACTION
This article analyzes the legal effects of a taxpayer’s filing of a return acknowledging a tax debt, arguing that such filing immediately constitutes the tax credit and dispenses with additional administrative steps, consistent with the Superior Court of Justice’s settled case law. The objective is to delineate the practical reach of this automatic constitution with respect to enforceability, enrollment in the registry of outstanding tax receivables, and collection mechanisms, while identifying safeguards for amended returns and for cases involving fraud, willful misconduct, or sham transactions. The study adopts a doctrinal and case-law approach, examining the National Tax Code, the Law on Tax Enforcement, and superior-court precedents, alongside administrative routines for monitoring and collection. The findings indicate that the debt acknowledgment embodied in the return authorizes, upon default, prompt enrollment in active debt and subsequent tax enforcement proceedings without the need for a supplementary assessment, thereby enhancing fiscal efficiency and procedural predictability; at the same time, the legal framework preserves the possibility of amendments within statutory limits and allows auditing where red flags arise. The conclusion is that this model combines simplification with taxpayer responsibility, fostering transparency and legal certainty in tax relations, provided it is paired with clear protocols for amendment, auditing, and proportionate enforcement.
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN: A LEGAL PERSPECTIVE ON THE THEME
This study refers to a curricular extension proposal aimed at discussing domestic violence against women, developed in the municipality of Rubiataba. The action was structured in three stages: literature review on the subject, planning in collaboration with the school community, and the implementation of a roundtable discussion, held on May 15, 2024, with students from the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd years of high school at a local public school. The objective was to foster critical reflection on the effectiveness of the protective measures established by Law No. 11.340/2006 (Maria da Penha Law) and on the State’s ability to ensure the physical and moral integrity of the victims. The method adopted involved bibliographic research on the historical contextualization of the law, analysis of the cycle of violence, and survey of assault rates against women, articulated with the perceptions shared by the participants during the meeting. The results indicated that, although the Maria da Penha Law represents an essential milestone in confronting gender-based violence, challenges persist regarding its implementation, especially due to the structural limitations of the State and the insufficiency of public protection policies. The discussion enabled the identification of multiple forms of violence suffered by women, physical, psychological, patrimonial, and moral, broadening the students’ understanding of the seriousness and complexity of the problem. It was concluded that the extension activity played a relevant role by integrating academic knowledge and community participation, reinforcing the need for effective public policies and greater social engagement in combating domestic violence.
ABUSIVE CLAUSES IN CONSUMER CONTRACTS: A LEGAL ANALYSIS BASED ON NUNES RIZZATTO’S COURSE ON CONSUMER LAW
This study analyzes abusive clauses in consumer contracts based on Chapter 36 (items 36.1 to 36.24) of Nunes Rizzatto’s Curso de Direito do Consumidor[1]. It examines the nature, legal characterization, and consequences of such clauses, which create significant imbalances in contractual relations by imposing excessive obligations or unfairly limiting consumer rights. Drawing on the Brazilian Consumer Defense Code (CDC), the research highlights the absolute nullity of abusive clauses, the importance of judicial oversight, and interpretative principles that strengthen consumer protection and contractual fairness. The findings show that abusive clauses undermine good faith and consumer autonomy, but the CDC provides effective mechanisms to restore balance. The study concludes that the CDC is a key instrument for ensuring justice and fairness in consumer relations by preventing and invalidating abusive contractual practices.
This study examines whether jealousy, taken in isolation, amounts to a base motive for qualifying homicide and aggravating punishment under Brazilian criminal law. It is a doctrinal and case-law review that systematizes scholarship and judicial decisions to set criteria for identifying base motive and its effects on sentencing. The aim is to distinguish when jealousy is a mere passion-driven impetus—devoid of ignominy—and when, combined with elements such as possessiveness and control, disproportionate reaction, humiliation of the victim, or an abject purpose, it qualifies as a base motive. The method consisted of surveying treatises and appellate rulings, analyzing the factual-psychological context, the offender’s subjective elements, and the proportionality between motive and conduct. The findings indicate that jealousy alone does not meet the blameworthiness threshold required to recognize a base motive; robust proof and reasoned judicial explanation are required to show vileness, cruelty, or inhumanity as the crime’s determining reason. The conclusion is that the base-motive qualifier should be applied restrictively and with proper justification, avoiding undue aggravation and preserving typological coherence and substantive justice.
TEACHING-SERVICE-COMMUNITY INTEGRATION-SUCH AS THE PET SAÚDE EQUITY PROGRAM BRINGS UNIVERSITY AND SUS.
Introduction: Strengthening the Unified Health System (SUS) depends on the training of professionals committed to social reality and prepared to work in various contexts. PET-Health Equity promotes the integration between teaching, service and community, bringing the University of Health Services and the needs of the population closer. Objective: Analyzing how the PET-Health Program contributes to the approach between university and SUS, strengthening focus practices with equity. Methods: It is an experience of teaching-service-community integration, in which students and preceptors develop activities together through educational actions, Services, conversation wheels and intervention projects. Results: Participation in the program enabled greater understanding of social health determinants, development of interprofessional practices, strengthening the bond with the community and production of strategies aimed at reducing health inequalities. Conclusion: PET-health was an important instrument to integrate academic background with the demands of SUS, promoting significant learning for students, qualification of services, qualification of services, services Health and advances in promoting health equity.
QUALITY OF LIFE OF EMPLOYEES IN THE BRAZILIAN FEDERAL EDUCATION NETWORK
The quality of life (QoL) of civil servants, teachers, and administrative staff in the Brazilian federal education network is a determining factor for individual well-being and institutional efficiency. This study is a cross-sectional epidemiological study that aimed to evaluate the factors that influence the QoL of civil servants in the Brazilian federal education network. We used the WHOQOL-bref instruments in association with a sociodemographic questionnaire. This study was conducted in 2022, involving 1,563 administrative staff and teachers from the Brazilian federal education network. The approach adopted was cross-sectional and epidemiological in nature. For statistical analysis, we used the Student's t-test and analysis of variance (2-way ANOVA), followed by post hoc analysis (Tukey) for three or more factors (α=0.05). Teachers reported better QoL in environmental terms when compared to administrative technicians (p<0.001). Men reported better QoL in the physical (p<0.001) and psychological (p<0.001) domains than women. The South region had the best QoL reference in the physical domain (p=0.014), while the Midwest stood out in the environmental domain (p<0.001). The results indicate significant differences in QoL among employees of the Brazilian Federal Education Network. Teachers reported better QoL compared to administrative staff, while men had higher scores in the physical and psychological domains than women. Regional variations were observed, with the South region leading in the physical domain and the Midwest in the environmental domain.
THE NEW PUBLIC PROCUREMENT LAW (LAW 14.133/2021) AND EXTERNAL CONTROL WITHIN THE SCOPE OF THE TCU: INNOVATIONS, CHALLENGES AND IMPACTS
This study aims to analyze the impacts of Law No. 14.133/2021 on the modernization of public procurement in Brazil, focusing on the oversight role of the Federal Court of Auditors (TCU). The study adopted a deductive method, descriptive research, and a qualitative approach. The research procedure involved a documentary survey for the empirical part, which consisted of a selection of judgments issued between 2021 and 2024. The investigation evaluated the new law's regulatory innovations, such as the National Public Procurement Portal (PNCP), competitive dialogue, and the incorporation of socio-environmental criteria, in addition to identifying the challenges faced in its implementation. The results reveal important regulatory advances, such as the mandatory use of the National Public Procurement Portal (PNCP), the introduction of competitive dialogue, the expansion of contract planning possibilities, the appreciation of sustainability criteria, and the encouragement of transparency and competitiveness. However, the analysis reveals obstacles to the full effectiveness of the new legislation, including: insufficient training of public managers; technological inequality among federal entities; resistance to institutional change; the relaxation of limits on direct contracting, which can weaken oversight mechanisms; and the incipient application of socio-environmental criteria. The conclusion is that Law No. 14.133/2021 constitutes a promising regulatory framework, aligned with contemporary public governance requirements, but its effective implementation requires coordinated efforts in training, investment in digital infrastructure, additional standardization, and strengthening of internal and external oversight mechanisms. The study recommends further empirical research in local contexts and longitudinal monitoring of the law's application, especially in small municipalities.
THE DYNAMICS OF TEACHING FINANCIAL EDUCATION IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
The introduction of financial education from childhood is essential to form conscious and responsible citizens in the use of money. This project, initiated in 2023 and expanded in 2024, aims to promote financial understanding in children, addressing topics such as budgeting, saving, and conscious consumption. Conducted with elementary school students in Rubiataba, the event used interactive methods, including presentations and a "pie in the face" game, to consolidate learning in a playful and effective way. The results indicate increased understanding of personal finances, with positive feedback from students and teachers, reinforcing the importance of continuous educational practices for a responsible financial future.
This paper adopts a normative and case-law analysis to examine the compatibility between the sovereignty of jury verdicts and setting aside convictions by means of the criminal review action, specifying the prerequisites and limits of this extraordinary remedy so as not to infringe the Jury Court’s constitutional remit. It recognizes that sovereignty (Federal Constitution, art. 5, XXXVIII) is fundamental but not absolute, and that criminal review (Code of Criminal Procedure, art. 621) aims to correct miscarriages of justice after final judgment. Where new evidence of innocence, false evidence, a new fact, or manifest error is shown, review does not replace the jurors’ assessment; rather, it verifies serious defects and, if necessary, annuls the verdict so that a new jury trial may be held, thereby preserving sovereignty by resubmitting the case to jurors. Brazilian Supreme Court (STF) and Superior Court of Justice (STJ) case law has admitted such review without offending the principle, as it protects fundamental rights and the search for truth. It concludes that the legal system balances jury authority with the control of unjust convictions: criminal review may vacate the verdict and order a new trial when the decision is manifestly contrary to the evidence or tainted by serious error.
CONTEMPORARY CHALLENGES AND PERSPECTIVES OF BRAZILIAN ELECTORAL LAW: ABUSE OF ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL POWER IN ELECTORAL CAMPAIGNS
Brazilian electoral law currently faces new and complex challenges related to preserving the integrity of elections. Among them, the abuse of economic and political power in electoral campaigns stands out, practices that undermine equal opportunities for candidates and threaten the legitimacy of the democratic process. This study aims to analyze the main case law on the subject and reflect on its impacts on the electoral system, focusing on the measures adopted by the Superior Electoral Court (TSE) to curb these practices. The methodology used consisted of bibliographical and documentary research, with the analysis of recent judgments. It was found that, despite legislative and judicial advances, significant challenges remain in the effectiveness of punishments and the timely identification of illegal conduct. It is concluded that strengthening oversight mechanisms and raising public awareness are fundamental to consolidating democracy in Brazil.
THE TAXPAYER’S NOTIFICATION OF THE NOTICE OF INFRACTION DEFINITIVELY CONSTITUTES THE TAX CREDIT AND TRIGGERS THE LIMITATION PERIOD FOR ITS COLLECTION, LEAVING NO ROOM FOR A DECADENTIAL TERM
This article examines the temporal milestone for the definitive constitution of a tax credit for purposes of the statute of limitations, arguing that the taxpayer’s notification of the notice of infraction both perfects the assessment and starts the five-year limitation period for collection, thereby excluding any decadential period once the assessment has been made. The objective is to delimit, within the context of ex officio assessment, the moment from which the limitation period runs and to assess the implications of that definition for legal certainty and fiscal stability. The method is doctrinal and case-law oriented, combining a literature review with a critical analysis of competing views that place the constitution of the credit at the notification to pay/challenge, at first- or second-instance administrative decisions, at the final unappealable administrative decision, or at enrollment in the registry of outstanding debts. The results map these strands and show that, by its nature, the notice of infraction is deemed constituted upon valid notification to the taxpayer, from which the five-year limitation period begins to run; once constituted, the credit is no longer subject to decadence, which is confined to the pre-assessment stage. The conclusion is that adopting this temporal marker enhances clarity and predictability, focuses post-assessment extinction on limitation, and reduces uncertainty about enforceability, while upholding legality and legal certainty.
The principles of tax law are fundamental to implementing tax laws within the Brazilian legal system. This study uses a doctrinal and legislative analysis approach, focusing on the articles of the Constitution and their interpretation in case law, to examine how these principles guide the interaction between the State and the taxpayer. First, the importance of fiscal legality is highlighted as an essential shield against arbitrary actions, emphasizing that no tax can be created or increased without the existence of a law establishing it. Next, the principle of prior notice is examined as a tool for predictability and legal certainty, guaranteeing taxpayers sufficient time to prepare for new tax obligations. Furthermore, the principle of equality is analyzed within the framework of equal treatment, avoiding unjustified privileges or discrimination. Furthermore, the principle of ability to pay is highlighted, aiming to adapt the tax burden to the taxpayer's economic capacity, highlighting the distributive and social nature of taxation. The research also takes into account the principle of prohibition of confiscation, which restricts state intervention so that taxation does not harm private property and individual dignity. The results demonstrate that, although the 1988 Federal Constitution establishes clear limits on taxation, the effectiveness of these principles depends on the correct interpretation of the courts and the responsible actions of the legislature. It is concluded that strict adherence to the principles of tax law is essential to balance the State's revenue needs and the protection of taxpayers' fundamental rights, guaranteeing fiscal justice and legal certainty in the national tax system.
Payroll Loans and the Vulnerability of the Elderly in Brazil: Risks, Over-Indebtedness, and Legal Protection
Payroll loans initially offer advantages to retirees and pensioners, such as reduced interest rates and ease of approval due to automatic installment deductions. However, this credit modality also poses risks for this demographic, who often face challenges in understanding contractual terms and financial implications. Brazilian legislation, including the Elderly Statute (Law No. 10.741/2003), aims to protect these consumers from abusive practices, but the complexity of contracts and lack of clarity in information leave many elderly vulnerable to over-indebtedness and fraud. This study, supported by sociological and doctrinal concepts, analyzes the risks and impacts of payroll loans on the quality of life of the elderly, highlighting the need for greater transparency and financial education. It concludes that enhanced regulatory protection and educational initiatives are essential to ensure that payroll loans serve the interests of the elderly ethically and responsibly.
JURISDICTION OVER ROBBERY RESULTING IN DEATH (LATROCÍNIO) LIES WITH THE BENCH, NOT WITH THE JURY
This study analyzes jurisdiction for prosecuting and adjudicating latrocínio (robbery resulting in death) in Brazilian criminal procedure and explains why, despite the lethal outcome, it does not fall within the Jury’s purview. It is a doctrinal and case-law review that examines the legal classification of latrocínio as a property crime aggravated by result and the constitutional confinement of the Jury’s competence to intentional crimes against life. The aim is to set out the normative grounds and judicial criteria used to assign the case to a single-judge court and to assess the procedural consequences of adjudication by an incompetent body. The method consisted of analyzing provisions of the Penal Code and Code of Criminal Procedure, in dialogue with scholarship and precedents, highlighting the distinction between intentional homicide and the complex offense that primarily protects property. The findings indicate that the death element in latrocínio does not transfer jurisdiction to the Jury, because it is not an intentional crime against life; moreover, improper submission to the Jury entails absolute lack of jurisdiction, nullifying the trial and requiring remand to the competent court. It concludes that correctly identifying the legally protected interest and the typicity of latrocínio prevents nullities, ensures respect for the natural judge, and promotes coherence in penal responses.
THE INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL NETWORKS ON ELECTORAL CAMPAINGS
Advances in digital technologies have profoundly transformed electoral processes in Brazil and around the world. Social media plays a central role in political communication, influencing voter behavior and election outcomes. However, complex challenges have arisen, such as the spread of misinformation and the misuse of personal data, which require effective regulation in the digital environment.Studies show that each digital platform has its own engagement dynamics, favoring polarized discourse and hindering access to reliable information. The General Data Protection Law (LGPD) and the resolutions of the Superior Electoral Court (TSE) seek to ensure the integrity of the democratic process in the face of new virtual threats.Data from the DataSenado Institute confirm that misinformation is a real factor influencing elections, with a large portion of the population reporting frequent exposure to fake news. This work adopts a qualitative and exploratory approach, reviewing scientific articles, books, and academic studies published over the past ten years. Recent election campaigns were analyzed, with an emphasis on the 2018 and 2022 Brazilian elections, to understand how candidates used social media as tools for political communication. The study also considered the role of major digital platforms in disseminating messages and engaging with the electorate.The results show that social media has become central to election campaigns, allowing for greater visibility and direct engagement with voters. However, misinformation remains a major challenge, affecting public debate and intensifying political polarization. Combating misinformation is essential to ensuring informed choices and strengthening the democratic process in Brazil.
THE PRACTICE OF VOTE BUYING AND ITS IMPACTS ON ELECTIONS
Vote buying, a persistent phenomenon in democracies like Brazil, represents a serious threat to electoral integrity and popular sovereignty. This practice distorts the will of the electorate, compromises the legitimacy of electoral results, and perpetuates cycles of corruption and poor governance, undermining political representation and trust in democratic institutions. The objective of this expanded summary was to discuss the limitations of Law No. 9,840/99 and explain its role in combating vote buying. The methodology used was analytical and descriptive research, with qualitative data collection through scientific articles and relevant publications on the topic, focusing on the definition, impact, and fight against vote buying, as well as the origin, role, and challenges of the aforementioned law. In response to popular pressure, Law Nº. 9,840/99 emerged as an important milestone, being the first of popular initiative to combat vote buying, strengthening protection mechanisms against the abuse of economic power and facilitating the revocation of mandates. However, its effectiveness is limited by difficulties in oversight, complexity in obtaining evidence, judicial delays, and a political culture that still tolerates clientelism. The persistence of this practice in many regions indicates that effective combat depends not only on strict laws but also on their efficient application by the justice system and continued social mobilization to promote behavioral and institutional changes.
Edivaldo Edivaldo de Oliveira Fernandes Júnior
THE IMPACTS OF ADPF 347 ON THE PRISON SYSTEM OF GOIÁS
This work investigates the concrete impacts of ADPF 347 on the penitentiary system of the State of Goiás, evaluating whether the structural decision of the Supreme Federal Court effectively improved prison conditions. The objective is to analyze how the measures imposed by the Court translated into local reforms, assessing both their advances and limitations. The methodology includes the examination of official sources, such as the 2009 Parliamentary Inquiry Commission on Incarceration and the 2023 inspection reports of the National Justice Council, alongside the analysis of post-ADPF 347 initiatives like custody hearings and the “Respect Modules.” The results reveal that Goiás implemented innovative programs aimed at reducing overcrowding and fostering more humane coexistence among inmates, producing partial improvements in the penitentiary environment. However, the persistence of overcrowding, recurrent violence, and insufficient financial and human resources demonstrates that the reforms are still fragile and uneven. The conclusion affirms that while ADPF 347 stimulated a shift in prison management and promoted relevant progress in Goiás, the effectiveness of these structural measures remains limited, requiring continuous monitoring by the judiciary, greater coordination with the executive and legislative branches, and sustained investment to guarantee the full protection of human rights within the prison system.
This paper examines jurisdiction over latrocínio (robbery resulting in death), classifying it as an offence against property and therefore subject to bench trial, notwithstanding the lethal outcome; by contrast, intentional crimes against life fall within the constitutional remit of the Jury Court. It aims to define, drawing on Article 157 §3 of the Brazilian Criminal Code, the constitutional framework governing jury competence, and pertinent scholarship, the criteria that exclude the Jury Panel’s jurisdiction in robbery-with-homicide cases. Methodologically, it adopts a doctrinal-normative and descriptive approach, clarifying the protected legal interest and the ensuing procedural consequence. The findings indicate that the typification of latrocínio as a property crime—rather than an intentional crime against life—triggers the jurisdiction of the bench judge, whereas the immediate protection of life in intentional homicide offences justifies Jury Court competence. It concludes that, although death occurs, latrocínio does not shift jurisdiction to the Jury Court; proceedings and judgment must occur before a single judge, consistent with the statutory nature of the offence and the proper constitutional allocation of jurisdiction.
PARLIAMENTARY IMMUNITY, ABUSE OF POWER AND MISINFORMATION: CHALLENGES FACING THE ELECTORAL PROSECUTOR'S OFFICE IN DIGITAL ELECTION CAMPAIGNS
This article will discuss the issue of electoral activity and parliamentary immunity when considering the illegal practice of spreading fake news in the digital environment during political campaigns, as well as the challenges faced by the Electoral Public Prosecutor's Office (MPE) during this period. Within the scope of democratic and legal ethics, and within the limits of the proposed theme, electoral campaigns and the resulting misinformation arising from the dissemination of false information and the abuse of political power by a large majority of candidates are interconnected. The aim is to identify possible criminal offenses in the virtual sphere that are often justified by the immunity of parliamentarians and the prejudice of action and accountability on the part of the MPE. The primary objective remains firm: to analyze how the MPE should act to preserve electoral legality and ensure that immunity is not used to cover up illegal practices, especially in the digital context, proposing strategies to strengthen its role in protecting the integrity of democratic elections. The research contained herein has substantial implications for the electoral sector and also for the formulation of public policies aimed at promoting voters' access to information for informed decision-making, with a view to the full exercise of citizenship and the strengthening of democracy. The methodology adopted is bibliographic research, which, according to Severino (2007), provides researchers with access to writings related to the chosen topic, facilitating the analysis of information that, when debated, stimulates new research.
INELIGIBILITY AS AN INSTRUMENT OF POLITICAL MORALIZATION: THE IMPACT OF THE CLEAN RECORD LAW ON THE BRAZILIAN ELECTORAL SYSTEM
This research aims to address the concept of ineligibility in light of Complementary Law No. 135/2010, known as the Clean Record Law, and its role in moralizing the Brazilian electoral process. Through a qualitative approach, with a review of the literature and documentation, the study investigates the constitutional foundations of ineligibility, in particular Article 14, §9, of the Federal Constitution of 1988, and addresses the legitimacy of restricting the passive political rights of individuals convicted by collegiate bodies, even without a final judgment. The results indicate that the Clean Record Law has been effective in preventing candidates with a history of impropriety or crimes against public administration from running for office, acting as an ethical filter in the electoral process. However, doctrinal criticisms indicate tensions with the principles of presumption of innocence and due process, which requires careful application by the judiciary. It is concluded that, although it represents a significant advance in the promotion of public morality, the effectiveness of the Clean Record Law depends on the combination of legal certainty, social control, and the strengthening of democratic institutions.
DOES ARTICLE 170-A OF THE NATIONAL TAX CODE ALSO APPLY TO UNDUE TAX PAYMENTS ARISING FROM UNCONSTITUTIONALITY?
This article examines whether the prohibition of set-off in Article 170-A of Brazil’s National Tax Code extends to undue tax payments resulting from unconstitutional norms, in light of the requirement of a final and unappealable judgment for credit recognition. It is a doctrinal, exploratory analysis grounded in bibliographic research and in decisions from the Supreme Federal Court and the Superior Court of Justice. The objective is to delimit the scope of Article 170-A when taxes were collected under a statute later declared unconstitutional and to assess the implications for the principles of legal certainty, legality, and the prohibition of confiscation. The method adopts a systematic reading of the Code and the Constitution aligned with the provision’s teleology—preventing set-offs based on decisions still subject to reversal and preserving fiscal stability. The results show that the Superior Court of Justice has predominantly required res judicata for all tax credits, including those stemming from a declaration of unconstitutionality, whereas part of the scholarship advocates immediate refund or set-off when unconstitutionality has been recognized with erga omnes and binding effect. The conclusion is that the res judicata requirement serves a cautionary function but must be construed consistently with the Constitution so as not to frustrate the protective purpose of Article 170-A, ensuring effective refunds and predictability through case-law uniformization.
The document aims to deepen the analysis of the international responsibility of States in Public International Law, considering fundamental rights, related duties, and the legal consequences of committing wrongful acts in the international sphere. The study seeks to clarify how the principles of sovereignty, equality, and development reconcile with the limitations imposed by the international legal system, which requires States to conduct themselves based on mutual respect and cooperation. The adopted method is essentially doctrinal and normative, based on sources of international law, such as the UN Charter, the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, multilateral treaties, as well as decisions of the International Court of Justice and established jurisprudence. This methodology allows for the systematization of central concepts and offers concrete examples of practical application. The results demonstrate that, despite sovereign autonomy, States are bound by fundamental duties, such as the duty of non-intervention, which extends to the political, military, and economic spheres, except in cases of self-defense, protection of human rights, and assistance to nationals abroad. It demonstrates that the violation of these duties entails international liability, which is structured around three elements: the commission of a wrongful act, the imputability of the State, and the existence of harm. The analysis emphasizes that reparation must be comprehensive, restoring the status quo ante, and may involve restitution, compensation, or indemnity, and that it should not be confused with sanctions, both criminal and moral. Furthermore, the document highlights the institution of diplomatic protection, a mechanism by which the State of origin assumes the claim of its injured nationals, transforming it into an international lawsuit, although its exercise depends on criteria such as nationality and exhaustion of domestic remedies. It concludes that the international liability of States constitutes a pillar of the global legal order, functioning as an indispensable means to prevent abuses of power, redress injustices, and ensure peace and cooperation among nations, reinforcing the idea that sovereign rights must be exercised in accordance with duties aimed at maintaining the international community as a whole.
DIALOGUE AND LEARNING ON SOCIAL VULNERABILITY AND SPIRITUALITY
Dialogue about the realities experienced by people in situations of vulnerability is essential to broaden social understanding, develop empathy, and promote inclusion, constituting a fundamental practice in the training of socially conscious and responsible professionals. In this context, this text describes an experience carried out through a conversation circle held in the second semester of 2024, within the discipline of Citizenship, Ethics and Spirituality, with the participation of students and professors from the Administration program at the Evangelical University of Goiás – Rubiataba Campus, as well as members of the Fazenda Esperança community, a therapeutic institution that works in the recovery of drug dependents based on the tripod of work, coexistence, and spirituality. The action aimed to promote reflection and dialogue on the challenges faced by people in situations of vulnerability, addressing themes such as self-care, social reintegration, chemical dependency, and the positive impact of spirituality and ethics in the recovery process. The methodology combined collaborative planning, definition of objectives, logistical organization, preparation of a detailed schedule, mobilization of participants, bibliographic review on the subject, and contact with the guests, including the director and a sponsor of Fazenda Esperança, who shared their personal and professional experiences. During the conversation, students observed in practice the application of theoretical concepts of management, effective communication, commitment, professional ethics, and teamwork in complex social contexts. Among the main challenges faced in carrying out this action were the reconciliation of schedules and the provision of financial resources, which were overcome with institutional support. The results showed high engagement and satisfaction of the participants, as well as the strengthening of interpersonal competencies, leadership skills, planning, and organization of academic activities with social purpose. The experience also allowed students to deepen their understanding of diversity, inclusion, social sensitivity, and ethics, reinforcing the relevance of collaborative work and social engagement in academic training. It is concluded that the proposed action represented an enriching opportunity for learning, personal growth, and professional development, preparing students to act more consciously, empathetically, and competently in contexts of social vulnerability.
NULLITIES IN JURY TRIALS: THE NEED FOR TIMELY OBJECTIONS TO AVOID PRECLUSION
This paper examines the requirement that nullities in jury trials be raised at the proper procedural moment to avoid preclusion, with an emphasis on juror ineligibility and bias (impedimento and suspeição). It is a doctrinal and literature review that compiles scholarship and related decisions in criminal procedure, using databases such as SciELO, to systematize the criteria for occurrence and the correct timing for challenging nullities. The aim is to demonstrate that defects known to the parties must be objected to immediately in open court or during the hearing in which they occur and, when related to the trial, during the trial itself, on pain of forfeiture. The method consisted of analyzing doctrinal and normative sources on jury procedure, including the rule that the draw of jurors is public and held between the fifteenth and the tenth business day prior to the session, which serves as a benchmark for assessing timeliness. The findings indicate that a jury judgment will not be set aside for the participation of ineligible or biased jurors if the issue is not raised at the proper time; accordingly, the conclusion reaffirms that timely challenges are essential to safeguard the regularity of the verdict and to prevent irregular convictions.
ELECTRONIC VOTING AND THE ELECTORAL PROCESS: NOTES ON THE SECURITY OF ELECTRONIC BALLOT BOXES
Electronic voting represents a technological advance in the Brazilian electoral system, replacing paper ballots with electronic ballot boxes since 1996. This model aims at greater agility, reliability, security, and transparency in elections, ensuring the legitimacy of the electoral process. This work aims to investigate, based on academic, normative and institutional studies, the security mechanisms of the electronic voting system in Brazil, evaluating its effectiveness in preventing fraud and its contribution to the legitimacy of the electoral process. A bibliographic and documentary research was carried out, based on technical studies of the Superior Electoral Court (TSE), Electoral Justice and independent audit reports, the interpretative method is presented by the compilation of the study of the direct documentation addressed, on a qualitative approach. In view of this, the data indicate that the Brazilian electronic voting system adopts the Linux system (Uenux), multiple layers of security, such as encryption, physical seals, public security tests and internal and external audits. However, criticism persists, especially regarding the absence of a printed proof of vote, as it makes some people defend this idea in order to increase transparency and reinforce confidence in the system. We conclude, therefore, that electronic voting is currently a safe and efficient system, as demonstrated by the technical evidence and the absence of fraud proven in previous elections, according to the Electoral Court. However, transparency and public trust can be increased with the adoption of additional measures, such as the auditable printed vote, as long as the secrecy and integrity of the vote are not compromised.
Contemporary politics faces profound transformations driven by technological advances, which generate both positive and negative effects. Among the main challenges are the spread of disinformation and the rise of digital electoral crimes, which threaten democratic integrity. This paper aims to examine the effects of disinformation and digital electoral crimes on democracy, focusing on the application of technologies such as artificial intelligence in political campaigns. This study was developed based on a methodological approach of bibliographical research and a review of Brazilian regulations, such as Law No. 9,504/1997 and TSE resolutions. The data obtained demonstrate that the application of technologies, such as artificial intelligence, in political campaigns has the potential to influence voters in a manipulative manner, requiring effective measures to combat fake news, especially in the Brazilian electoral context. For this to happen, it is necessary to strengthen political education, contributing to the formation of a critical and conscious society, capable of resisting misinformation and illicit practices. In this context, the responsible use of technology, combined with the dissemination of truthful information and the appreciation of ethics in politics, can strengthen democracy. Therefore, although the challenges are great, it is possible to move toward a more reliable and representative electoral system. A well-informed society is the foundation of a solid democracy, capable of protecting itself against abuse and manipulation, reaffirming the importance of education, ethics, and oversight in the current political landscape.
CONTROL AND INTEGRITY MECHANISMS IN THE BRAZILIAN ELECTORAL PROCESS
The effectiveness of Brazilian representative democracy is intrinsically linked to the existence of legal instruments that ensure the integrity of the electoral process and curb practices that undermine equal conditions for candidates. This paper analyzes the main regulatory and jurisprudential mechanisms for electoral control and integrity in Brazil, highlighting the advances promoted by Constitutional Amendment No. 97/2017 and the Supreme Federal Court's decision in ADI No. 4,650, which banned electoral financing by legal entities. The research demonstrates that, despite this progress, challenges remain related to transparency, traceability of resources, and the equitable distribution of financing among parties. The central role of the Electoral Court is also highlighted, especially in enforcing the Ineligibility Law (LC No. 64/1990) and the Clean Record Law (LC No. 135/2010), especially in combating the abuse of political and economic power, through initiatives such as the AIJE and AIME. The study concludes that, although the Brazilian legal framework is robust, the consolidation of democratic integrity depends on constant vigilance, active civil society participation, and continuous improvement of electoral norms and practices. The research thus provides insights for reflection on improving the electoral system, suggesting future research on the impact of new technologies and disinformation on the democratic proces
SPIRITUALITY AS AN EXISTENTIAL DIMENSION: A REFLECTIVE STUDY IN A UNIVERSITY CONTEXT
Spirituality, understood as an existential dimension, constitutes an essential element of human experience, as it is linked to the search for meaning, purpose, and transcendence. This dimension holds significant relevance by fostering the integration of mind, body, and emotions, providing inner balance and resilience in the face of everyday challenges. In this context, the present text emerged from an academic seminar developed within the discipline Citizenship, Ethics, and Spirituality, in the Business Administration program, whose central purpose was to reflect on spirituality as an experience capable of bringing human beings closer to transcendence and the construction of life’s meaning. The proposal sought to understand how different religious traditions influence personal formation, social coexistence, and ethical practice in multiple scenarios. The main objective was to analyze how spiritual principles can contribute to the promotion of values such as empathy, solidarity, and social responsibility, both at the individual and collective levels. The methodological approach involved a literature review, guided readings of doctrinal texts, classroom discussions, and comparative analyses of religious practices, prioritizing the identification of universal values and the consideration of the specificities of each tradition. The results showed that, although distinct in doctrine and practice, the religions studied share common foundations such as love for one’s neighbor, charity, the importance of faith, and the pursuit of personal improvement, aspects that prove indispensable for building fairer and more collaborative human relationships. Among the main challenges, the need to reconcile diverse perspectives without disregarding the uniqueness of each belief stood out, requiring a critical stance and openness to dialogue. It is concluded that spirituality, when lived respectfully, transcends the individual sphere, becoming a fundamental resource for guiding ethical conduct, strengthening social bonds, and fostering more humane professional environments. Furthermore, this classroom activity reaffirmed the relevance of pedagogical practices that combine theory and reflection, offering students the opportunity to develop critical awareness, ethical sensitivity, and social commitment, competencies essential to the training of professionals and leaders committed to the common good.
THE HUMAN RELATIONS THEORY AS A STRATEGY FOR PEOPLE MANAGEMENT
This study analyzes the application of the principles of the Human Relations Theory in people management, exploring how these fundamentals can improve motivation, well-being, and employee performance in organizational environments. The research includes a bibliographic review and a survey of studies in companies that promote humanized leadership and communication practices, with qualitative data collected through interviews and questionnaires. From the data, the relevance of transformational and transactional leadership styles to foster learning behaviors is evidenced, as well as the impact of friendships and financial decisions that prioritize interpersonal relationships on organizational culture. The results demonstrate that an integrated approach, considering leadership, motivation, and well-being policies, strengthens productivity, cohesion, and talent retention, promoting a healthy and sustainable work environment.
This paper examines whether jealousy, taken alone, can support the qualifying circumstance of a “base motive” (motivo torpe) and when it should instead be treated merely as a factor of violent emotion. It aims to clarify the criminal-law concept of a base motive and to delineate its boundaries vis-à-vis mitigating causes and privileged forms under the Brazilian Criminal Code. Methodologically, it adopts a doctrinal-normative approach grounded on Articles 65(III)(c), 121 §1, and 129 §4, and employs illustrative factual scenarios to assess contextual relevance. The findings indicate that jealousy, standing alone, does not amount to a base motive; despite its blameworthiness, it is linked to affective conflict and the agent’s psychological sphere and should, where the legal requirements are met, be weighed as violent emotion with mitigating or privileging effects. Only when combined with additional, objectively reprehensible circumstances—such as cruel means or ignoble ends—may jealousy support the qualifier; for instance, torture committed out of jealousy reveals heightened censure and may trigger the qualifier. It concludes that subsumption demands an assessment of the full factual record, precluding automatic presumptions.
ELECTORAL LAW: THE INFLUENCE OF FAKE NEWS ON ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR
OBJECTIVE: The article aims to investigate the influence of fake news on voter behavior during the electoral process, addressing the clash between freedom of expression and misinformation, the limits of the actions of the Superior Electoral Court (TSE), and the challenges in regulating social networks. The so-called fake news, or false news, have the potential to exert significant influence on voter behavior during election periods. The rapid and extensive spread of this type of misleading information, especially on social media, can alter voters' perceptions of candidates, parties, and political issues, compromising the integrity of elections and trust in democratic institutions. INTRODUCTION: The phenomenon of spreading incorrect or misleading information, with the aim of influencing the citizen's decision-making process and shaping public opinion, has played a significant role in various electoral campaigns and political events over the past few years (BITENCOURT, Maryana Espíndola, 2023). Various studies have demonstrated the danger that misinformation represents by impacting the credibility of traditional institutions, the State, and society. METHOD: The study uses a literature review, documentary analysis of TSE decisions and resolutions, and case studies of the Brazilian elections of 2018 and 2022. RESULTS: The present study indicates evidence of a direct impact of fake news on the electoral process. During the 2018 election, there was a massive dissemination of false information, mainly thru the WhatsApp application, which undermined trust in the electoral system and diverted the focus from political debate. Similarly, in the 2022 elections, false news, such as allegations of fraud in electronic voting machines, continued to negatively influence voters' perception of the integrity of the electoral process. New technologies brought significant benefits to democracy. They also intensified polarization, political radicalization, and the intentional spread of misinformation, threatening constitutional values such as popular sovereignty and equality in public debate. Freedom of expression is a fundamental and essential right for the exercise of democracy. In the context of elections, freedom is the essence of a democratic state; it enables people to express their expectations and exercise their right to vote. The TSE has been working to suppress abuses, applying electoral legislation and the General Data Protection Law (LGPD) to combat the dissemination of fraudulent content. CONCLUSION: Misinformation represents a significant risk to democracy, requiring coordinated responses between the State, social networks, and society. Freedom of expression must be preserved, maintaining the balance between the free manifestation of thot and the integrity of the electoral process. The TSE, within its constitutional limits, plays a crucial role in this confrontation, and its actions must be guided by due process and respect for the adversarial system. Transparency in the electoral process is a relevant factor to ensure the population's trust in the democratic system and the right to vote. Studies indicate that the promotion of verified information and plural debate are essential elements to mitigate the effects of informational manipulation and harmful interactions in the virtual environment.
THE IMPORTANCE OF ADHERENCE TO THE CHILD HEALTH REGISTER IN MONITORING CHILD DEVELOPMENT: AN INTEGRATIVE REVIEW
Introduction: The Child Health Record is an essential tool for comprehensively monitoring child growth and development, as it gathers information on weight, height, neuropsychomotor development, and vaccination history. Its proper use contributes to continuity of care, clinical decision-making, and epidemiological surveillance, strengthening primary health care. Objective: This study aims to identify the importance of adherence to the Child Health Record in monitoring child development. Methodology: This is an integrative literature review conducted in the Virtual Health Library (VHL) and PubMed databases. The descriptors "Child health," "Vaccination schedule," and "Child development" were used, combined with Boolean operators. Articles published between 2019 and 2024, in Portuguese and English, that directly addressed the topic were included. The search yielded 208 articles, of which 6 comprised the final sample after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: The results indicated a significant decline in vaccination coverage among children and adolescents over the last ten years (2015-2025), linked to reduced health investment in developing countries and the spread of false information about vaccines, which intensified during the COVID-19 pandemic. In 2023, approximately 17 million children remained without any vaccine dose, contributing to the reemergence of previously controlled diseases, such as measles and polio. Furthermore, low adherence to the Child Health Record compromises both vaccination monitoring and the overall assessment of child development. Conclusion: It is concluded that adherence to the Booklet is essential for the promotion of child health and the effectiveness of public immunization policies.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE USE OF ELETRONIC CIGARETTES ON THE PROGRESSION OF DPOC
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a progressive and debilitating respiratory condition, characterized by persistent airflow limitation and chronic airway inflammation. The growing use of electronic cigarettes raises concerns about their impact on disease progression, particularly in individuals already diagnosed or at increased risk of developing COPD. In this context, understanding the effects of electronic cigarettes on lung health becomes essential to support clinical practices and preventive strategies. This study aimed to analyze, through a literature review, the available evidence on the effects of electronic cigarette use on the progression and worsening of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). A literature review was conducted in the PubMed and SciELO databases, using the descriptors Electronic Cigarette and Pulmonary Disease Chronic Obstructive. Articles published in the last six years were included. The analysis of the studies revealed that the potential harmful effects of electronic cigarettes are directly related to their chemical composition. Evidence was identified of cellular injury, airway hyperreactivity, release of inflammatory cytokines (IL-8, IL-10, and TNF), reduction of the antimicrobial action of keratinocytes, and induction of apoptosis in alveolar cells. Although some studies indicate lower exposure to certain toxins compared to conventional cigarettes, others demonstrate that electronic cigarette aerosols contain substances capable of exacerbating airway inflammation, increasing oxidative stress, and impairing lung function in patients with COPD. In the long term, continuous use of these devices may accelerate disease progression. It is concluded that the findings suggest that electronic cigarette use represents an additional risk factor for patients with COPD, potentially aggravating the inflammatory process and accelerating the deterioration of lung function. However, further research is needed to elucidate the specific mechanisms by which electronic cigarettes influence COPD progression and its long-term outcomes.
TAXPAYER’S FILING OF A RETURN ACKNOWLEDGING A TAX DEBT CONSTITUTES THE TAX CLAIM, WITH NO FURTHER ACTION REQUIRED BY THE TAX AUTHORITY
The article examines whether a taxpayer’s filing of a return that acknowledges a tax debt, by itself, constitutes the Treasury’s tax claim (crédito tributário), thereby dispensing with any further constitutive act by the tax authority. It is a doctrinal and case-law analysis that aims to identify the constitutional grounds and limits of this practice in light of substantive due process. The method combines statutory and constitutional analysis, focused review of the Superior Court of Justice’s Súmula 436, and secondary literature, assessing the model’s reasonableness both internally (coherence and suitability of means) and externally (proportionality). The findings indicate that, where the declaration is valid and voluntary and the law so provides—particularly in taxes subject to self-assessment subject to subsequent homologation—the taxpayer’s acknowledgment of liability renders the tax claim immediately enforceable without an additional constitutive assessment, reconciling collection efficiency with taxpayer safeguards. The study further finds that constitution by declaration does not curtail rights to amendment, challenge, or judicial review, which preserve the rationality of substantive due process. It concludes that using the taxpayer’s declaration to constitute the tax claim is constitutionally legitimate and functionally efficient, provided it rests on clear statutory authorization, is applied with reasonableness, and is accompanied by procedural safeguards ensuring review and adversarial challenge in cases of error or defect.
PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW AND ITS ROLE IN ENSURING SECURITY AND PREDICTABILITY IN RELATIONS THAT CROSS BORDERS
Private International Law is a branch of law that studies the rules used to regulate private relationships involving more than one country. The main focus is resolving conflicts of laws across borders, that is, deciding which law should be applied in situations involving different countries. Furthermore, it helps determine which court has the authority to hear these cases and analyzes whether decisions made in other countries are recognized and valid here. To this end, the study typically relies on research into books, laws, and documents, addressing basic concepts, their historical origins, and how this area of ​​law has evolved to the present day. Factors such as nationality, place of residence, and the location of the property are fundamental when deciding which law should be applied. At the same time, basic principles such as national sovereignty, legal cooperation between nations, reciprocity, and the preservation of public order guide this choice in practice. This analysis shows that Private International Law plays a very important role in ensuring security and predictability in relationships that cross borders, covering areas such as international trade, contracts between countries, marriage, divorce, inheritance, and international adoptions. It follows that, with globalization and greater interdependence between countries, this branch of law becomes even more relevant. It is an essential tool for harmonizing different legal systems and ensuring that rights are effectively respected worldwide.
DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNICAL DOCUMENTS IN THE QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM”
Introduction: Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) are essential technical documents for ensuring quality in healthcare services, as well as in laboratory, pharmaceutical, and industrial settings. They guarantee the standardization of activities, promoting safety, traceability, and compliance with regulatory standards. The proper development and implementation of these documents directly impact process effectiveness and the minimization of operational errors. Objective: To conduct a review on the importance of developing SOPs in the context of quality management. Methodology: Articles published between 2015 and 2025, in Portuguese and English, addressing the development, implementation, or impact of SOPs on service quality were included. The search was carried out in September 2025 in the BVS, SCIELO, and PubMed databases. The descriptors used were: “standard operating procedures” OR “technical documentation” AND “quality management.” Results: The analyzed studies demonstrated that the effective use of SOPs significantly contributes to continuous process improvement, supports internal and external audits, strengthens the quality culture, and reduces variability in performed activities. In addition, SOPs are indispensable tools for team training and ensuring regulatory compliance. Conclusion: Proper development of SOPs is essential for quality management, serving as an instrument that promotes standardization, safety, and continuous improvement. Professional training and constant document updating are key factors for the successful implementation of SOPs in any institution.
THE IMPORTANCE OF WATER AND THE IMPACTS OF POLLUTION: AN EDUCATIONAL ACTION IN A PUBLIC SCHOOL
Introduction: Water is an essential resource for sustaining life but faces increasing threats from pollution, which compromises its availability and quality. In this context, it is necessary to promote educational actions that foster environmental awareness from childhood. Through Resolution No. 13/2022, UniEvangélica institutionalized the curricularization of extension, allocating 10% of undergraduate course hours to extension activities that connect students with society. This report describes an educational intervention on the importance of water and the impacts of pollution carried out in a public school. Objective: To raise children’s awareness about the value of water for life on the planet and the harmful effects of pollution, encouraging critical reflection and proactive attitudes in defense of the environment. Method: The activity was conducted with students aged 7 to 9 from Luiz Carlos Bizinoto School. Active and playful methodologies were employed, including the production of drawings, the construction of a homemade filter, and the simulation of pollution effects. These practices encouraged children’s participation and facilitated their understanding of the concepts addressed. Discussion: The results highlighted the importance of adapting communication and using active methodologies to engage young audiences. The experience was based on Freirean principles, promoting dialogue and the exchange of knowledge between medical students and schoolchildren. Despite initial challenges, such as communication barriers, the establishment of trustful relationships contributed to overcoming these difficulties. The activity reinforced the role of university extension in shaping more empathetic, reflective professionals capable of communicating effectively with diverse audiences. Conclusion: The extension activity proved to be an effective strategy to integrate theory and practice, contributing both to the comprehensive education of university students and to the environmental awareness of children. The experience demonstrated the transformative potential of educational initiatives in strengthening environmental consciousness and fostering sustainable practices from the early school years.
ENVIRONMENTAL PRESERVATION AND SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY: A UNIVERSITY EXTENSION EXPERIENCE AT THE CÓRREGO DA SERRA PROJECT
This text describes a university extension activity, proposed by the course Citizenship, Ethics, and Spirituality and conducted in the second semester of 2024, which focused on environmental preservation and the promotion of social responsibility, aiming to raise community awareness about the importance of environmental conservation. This activity took place at the headquarters of the Córrego da Serra Project, in Rubiataba, Goiás, founded on January 9, 2003, and located along the GO-334 highway, an initiative dedicated to environmental preservation and the defense of social rights, integrating community engagement and local sustainability. The main objective of the activity was to sensitize the community regarding the impacts of environmental degradation, such as pollution, deforestation, and inadequate management of natural resources, while encouraging the adoption of sustainable practices and active citizenship. The methodology included prior planning of actions, meetings with the team and local partners, community mobilization through social media and direct invitations, a technical visit to the creek to observe environmental conditions and record issues of pollution and degradation, and a “Roda de Conversa” (discussion circle) with the local population, teachers, and environmental professionals to discuss preservation strategies and concrete actions. The results showed a significant increase in environmental awareness among participants, strengthened community engagement, and the initiation of partnerships for the continuation of creek recovery actions, in addition to the development of academic and professional skills such as leadership, teamwork, organization, communication, and ethical decision-making. The experience also encouraged reflections on the interdependence between ethics, citizenship, and sustainability, demonstrating that responsible practices in organizational and community contexts are essential for collective well-being and environmental preservation. Among the challenges faced were community mobilization and the management of time and resources, overcome through detailed planning, effective communication, and team collaboration. It is concluded that extension activities like this provide practical learning, create meaningful social impact, and reinforce the importance of integrating social responsibility actions into natural resource management, encouraging future administrators to act with ethics, responsibility, and commitment to sustainable development. The experience demonstrated that collective and well-planned initiatives are essential to promote positive change, raise environmental awareness, and ensure the continuity of sustainable practices within the community.
DEFECTS IN THE PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION DO NOT, BY THEMSELVES, TAINT THE CRIMINAL ACTION: ILLICIT-EVIDENCE EXCEPTION AND THE REQUIREMENT OF PREJUDICE
This paper examines the effects of irregularities occurring during the police inquiry - an administrative, informational stage - on the validity of the criminal action. The aim is to set practical criteria for when investigative defects carry over into the trial, under the pas de nullité sans grief principle (Code of Criminal Procedure, art. 563), which conditions nullity on proof of concrete prejudice. Methodologically, it is a doctrinal and case-law review addressing the prevailing view that defects in the inquiry generally do not contaminate the prosecution, subject to the illicit-evidence exception and its derivatives. The analysis covers common scenarios (unlawful wiretaps; illegal searches and seizures), distinguishing mere investigative illegalities from evidentiary nullities capable of affecting the prosecution when relied upon in court. The findings indicate: (i) defects in the inquiry, by themselves, do not annul the criminal action; (ii) nullification requires a specific nexus between the defect and impairment of defense rights; and (iii) where evidence unlawfully obtained during the inquiry is used at trial, exclusion is mandatory together with an assessment of derivative contamination. The conclusion is that rigorous prejudice review and legality checks on evidence balance investigative efficiency with fundamental guarantees, preventing automatic annulments and promoting substantively just outcomes.
This study analyzes the impacts of digital disinformation on the Brazilian electoral process, with emphasis on the phenomenon of fake news and the increasing use of technologies such as algorithms, bots, and artificial intelligence in campaigns. The main objective is to examine how the circulation of false content undermines electoral integrity, compromises equality among candidates, and threatens fundamental democratic principles such as morality, fairness, and truthfulness. The methodology adopted was qualitative, combining bibliographic research from national and international literature published between 2018 and 2025 with a normative analysis of Brazilian legislation, particularly the Electoral Code and Resolution No. 23,732/2024 of the Superior Electoral Court (TSE). The results demonstrate that digital disinformation significantly interferes with voters’ freedom of choice, distorts political decision-making, and weakens trust in institutions. Moreover, the current business model of social media platforms, centered on engagement and virality, facilitates the large-scale dissemination of false information. Although Brazil has already established legal mechanisms to address electoral disinformation, and the TSE has advanced in regulation, repression alone proves insufficient. The conclusion emphasizes the need for preventive strategies, highlighting media literacy and digital education as essential tools to strengthen citizens’ critical capacity and safeguard the Democratic Rule of Law. International experiences, such as the European Union’s Digital Services Act, provide valuable references to improve Brazilian regulation. Therefore, confronting electoral disinformation must be understood as a continuous and collective effort involving the State, civil society, and technology companies to ensure transparency, legitimacy, and trust in the democratic process.
YBER CRIMES IN THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC SCENARIO
his paper aims to analyze cybercrime in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, addressing its constitutive elements, the main criminal types committed in the virtual environment, and the applicable Brazilian legal framework. The research demonstrates that the advancement of digital technologies, while bringing numerous benefits to society, has also facilitated the practice of illegal acts in cyberspace. During the pandemic, the increased use of digital platforms, driven by social isolation, led to a significant rise in cybercrime occurrences, such as electronic fraud, device intrusion, crimes against honor, scams, and data breaches. The study is based on qualitative and bibliographical methodology, utilizing legal doctrines, specific legislation, and data from institutions such as CERT.br and NIC.br. It is concluded that, despite legislative progress, effectively tackling cybercrime requires constant updating of laws, strengthening international cooperation, and developing public policies for digital education.
The misuse of economic resources and political influence during election campaigns represents a major challenge for the integrity of our democratic process in Brazil. These practices harm equal opportunities among candidates, benefiting those who have more money or privileged access to the public machine. This work aims to analyze the impacts of the abuse of economic and political power in Brazilian elections and reflect on the actions taken by the Electoral Justice to combat these behaviors. For this, we conducted a specialized literature review and analyzed important judicial decisions issued by the Superior Electoral Court (TSE). The results clearly show that these attitudes harm the legitimacy of the vote, unbalance the dispute and undermine the population's confidence in the electoral system. Although there are legal mechanisms, such as specific lawsuits and rules that apply sanctions to candidates and parties, there are still difficulties in applying these punishments effectively. It is also important to note that, even with the action of the Electoral Justice to combat these abuses, it is necessary to implement more effective measures to ensure greater justice in the process. We conclude that facing the abuse of power in campaigns requires advances in legislation, stricter supervision and a political culture based on ethics, transparency and respect for democratic rules - all this to make our elections fairer and more representative.
THE ROLE OF BANKRUPTCY IN THE LIQUIDATION OF THE ASSETS OF THE ENTREPRENEUR OR THE UNVIABLE BUSINESS COMPANY
This paper analyzes bankruptcy, a legal institution regulated by Law No. 11.101/2005, which aims to liquidate the assets of an entrepreneur or an unviable business corporation, ensuring the satisfaction of creditors in a proportionate and orderly manner. The study adopts a bibliographic and doctrinal approach, examining the legislation and the understandings of legal experts specializing in Business Law. Bankruptcy is declared when a company proves unable to meet its financial obligations and is unable to recover, leading to judicial liquidation. In this process, the debtor's assets are seized, sold judicially, and converted into cash for later payment to creditors, following the legal order of preference. As Fran Martins, a classical scholar, teaches, bankruptcy should not be understood solely as a punishment for the entrepreneur, but as a necessary mechanism for protecting credit and ensuring security in economic relations. The results of the analysis indicate that, although bankruptcy represents the termination of business activities, it fulfills an essential function in market reorganization, as it removes unviable companies from the economic landscape and allows the circulation of assets to new economic agents. Thus, it is concluded that bankruptcy is an indispensable instrument for balancing the financial system and strengthening trust in business relationships.
LEGAL LIABILITY AND SOCIAL CONDUCT IN TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS
This study examines traffic accidents through the lenses of criminal and civil law, highlighting their legal consequences and social implications in Brazil. The research employs a qualitative methodology, combining bibliographic review, document analysis, and interpretation of court decisions from the TJ-GO and STJ to clarify the practical application of laws. The analysis is grounded in sociological theories by Durkheim and Weber, which discuss social norms and rationality, as well as in concepts of criminal and civil liability present in Brazilian legislation, such as the Brazilian Traffic Code (CTB) and the Penal Code. The results indicate that collective awareness, strict enforcement of norms, and prompt assistance to victims are essential to mitigate accidents and their consequences. The conclusion emphasizes the need for effective public policies and educational measures to promote a culture of responsibility and reduce the high incidence of traffic fatalities, reinforcing the role of law in ensuring justice and social protection.
APPLICATION OF PSYCHOSOCIAL THEORIES IN TEAM DYNAMICS AND STRATEGIES FOR PEOPLE MANAGEMENT
This study explores the application of psychosocial theories in the organizational context, aiming to improve teamwork dynamics and organizational cohesion, considering the diversity of profiles and individual needs of employees. The theories addressed include self-efficacy, social identity, and social comparison, which help understand interpersonal interactions and their impacts on organizational behavior. The research adopts a qualitative and descriptive approach, with a bibliographic survey as the initial stage, using SciELO sources. The theoretical analysis reveals how the application of these theories can promote an inclusive organizational culture, stimulating satisfaction, engagement, and well-being of employees, in addition to contributing to the effectiveness of diverse teams. The study concludes that the integration of psychosocial theories can facilitate the creation of more collaborative and adaptable work environments, essential for long-term organizational success.
Guidance of Undergraduate Theses in Psychology: Pedagogical and Formative Experience
This experience report presents reflections on the process of guiding undergraduate theses (TCC) in the Psychology program at UniEvangélica, based on the trajectory developed with different groups of students over recent semesters. Thesis supervision has been configured not only as the fulfillment of a curricular requirement but also as a privileged educational space where research, scientific production, and the development of professional competencies converge. Throughout this process, recurrent challenges were identified, such as the proper delimitation of research topics, mastery of scientific methodologies, academic writing, and the critical use of theoretical references. In response, strategies were adopted that prioritized the strengthening of students’ autonomy, the encouragement of critical thinking, and the appreciation of the learning process rather than merely the final product. Along this path, students produced works addressing socially relevant themes such as gender-based violence, mental health, inclusive education, and alcoholism in rural communities, demonstrating the potential of undergraduate theses as instruments for dialogue between university and society. The results of this experience indicate that thesis supervision, when conducted in a humanized and collaborative manner, contributes to the integration of future psychologists into the field of research and professional practice, while fostering social responsibility, ethical sensitivity, and a commitment to transforming reality.
O VII Congresso Internacional de Pesquisa, Ensino e Extensão – CIPEEX, promovido pela Universidade Evangélica de Goiás – UniEVANGÉLICA, representa a união entre ciência, fé e cultura em favor da vida, do bem comum e do desenvolvimento humano integral. Realizado entre 20 e 23 de outubro de 2025, no contexto da Semana Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia, o evento reafirma o compromisso institucional com o tripé Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão, pilares da formação de cidadãos comprometidos com a verdade, a comunidade, a sustentabilidade e a transformação. Esta edição dos Anais Eletrônicos de Resumos Simples reúne 413 trabalhos submetidos por estudantes e docentes, refletindo o dinamismo da produção acadêmica e o fortalecimento da cultura científica da UniEVANGÉLICA. A publicação expressa a missão da instituição de promover com excelência o conhecimento fundamentado em princípios cristãos, transformando o saber em instrumento de fé, esperança e serviço à sociedade.
FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS AND GUARANTEES APPLICABILITY OF THE RIGHT TO LIFE OF THE UNBIRTH
Life is a fundamental right owed to any person, as provided by the Constitution itself. Even though it is a non-absolute right and can be relativized in some cases, it remains the most fundamental. Because it is the guarantor of all other fundamental rights and guarantees that support the Brazilian Magna Carta. As a result, there is a debate about the rights that belong to unborn children. Faced with a long debate about the beginning of human life, to define where the protection of the life of an unborn child should begin, so that all their other rights and guarantees can be preserved by the State and by society itself, such as the right to dignity , inheritance, health, among others. Analyzing how the protection of the unborn child has been in court, the main decisions and how scholars deal with the subject. Thus, the following research will be carried out in search of a better understanding of the rights of the unborn child.
DISINFORMATION AND FAKE NEWS: CHALLENGES FOR DEMOCRACY AND ELECTORAL CRIMES
Disinformation and fake news are false or manipulated information that circulates primarily on the internet and social media, with the aim of deceiving, confusing, or influencing public opinion. This unreliable information poses a major challenge to democracy, as it compromises citizens' right to access truthful and reliable information, which is essential for forming informed opinions and ensuring a free vote. During election periods, the spread of fake news increases considerably, being used to attack candidates, spread rumors, or manipulate results. This results in political disagreement, a decline in the value of organizations, and distrust in the electoral system. In this regard, it is important to note that when disinformation is used in an organized manner or even manipulated to influence elections, it can be considered an electoral crime (Law No. 9,504/1997). In Brazil, the Electoral Court works to combat crimes, which include the dissemination of knowingly false information about parties or candidates, misuse of social media, and illegal content promotion. Furthermore, digital education and fact-checking campaigns help mitigate the impact of fake news. It is important to emphasize that combating disinformation requires collaboration between the government, technology companies, the press, and civil society. It is essential to promote media literacy, encourage critical thinking, and hold accountable those who produce and disseminate false content, thus ensuring the integrity of the democratic process.
Maryana Gabriela Rodrigues Borges Veloso e Silva
THE ROLE OF THE SCHOOL IN THE FACE OF OPPOSITIONAL DEFIANT DISORDER (ODD): CHALLENGES AND INCLUSIVE STRATEGIES
Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent behaviors of opposition, hostility, and disobedience directed at authority figures, usually emerging in childhood and significantly affecting students’ academic performance, group interaction, and socialization. The presence of these behaviors challenges the educational environment and requires schools to implement pedagogical strategies that ensure not only access but also the permanence and integral development of diagnosed children. This qualitative and descriptive study aimed to investigate how schools have dealt with the challenges imposed by ODD, analyzing the inclusive practices employed and identifying alternatives that promote a more equitable education. The method used was based on a literature review, analysis of academic productions, official documents, and legislation related to school inclusion, addressing aspects of child development, teacher training, and pedagogical practices applied in contexts of diversity. The results indicated that facing ODD in the school environment required intentional planning, pedagogical sensitivity, and the adoption of differentiated methodologies capable of accommodating the behavioral particularities of students and promoting a collaborative and respectful learning environment. It became evident that the construction of effective strategies depended on the continuous involvement of teachers, the support of the school management team, and the articulation between school, family, and health professionals, configuring an interdisciplinary and integrated approach. It was concluded that strengthening pedagogical awareness of ODD expanded the possibilities of inclusion and overcoming the barriers faced by students, contributing to the formation of a school environment that values diversity and ensures the fundamental right to quality education.
ROBOTIC SURGERY VERSUS TRADITIONAL SURGERY FOR HERNIA REPAIR: ADVANCES, LIMITATIONS, AND PERSPECTIVES
<pre class="tw-data-text tw-text-large tw-ta" dir="ltr" tabindex="-1" role="text" data-placeholder="Tradução" data-ved="2ahUKEwjy2sDq-MePAxXiILkGHdyBD3MQ3ewLegQIAxAV" aria-label="Texto traduzido: Introduction: In hernia repair, the benefits of the robotic system include high-quality 3D visualization of the abdominal cavity, increased motion, allowing for easier dissection of multiple adhesions, release of the rectus muscle, intraperitoneal mesh suturing, and complex abdominal wall reconstruction. Therefore, with the advancement of minimally invasive surgery, a comparative study between traditional surgery and robotic surgery in hernia repair is important to elucidate the true advantages, limitations, and future prospects within this field. Objective: To review and compare the use of robotic surgery and traditional surgery in hernia repair, highlighting their advances, clinical benefits, technical and economic limitations, as well as future prospects for surgical practice.">Introduction: In hernia repair, the benefits of the robotic system include high-quality 3D visualization of the abdominal cavity, increased motion, allowing for easier dissection of multiple adhesions, release of the rectus muscle, intraperitoneal mesh suturing, and complex abdominal wall reconstruction. Therefore, with the advancement of minimally invasive surgery, a comparative study between traditional surgery and robotic surgery in hernia repair is important to elucidate the true advantages, limitations, and future prospects within this field. Objective: To review and compare the use of robotic surgery and traditional surgery in hernia repair, highlighting their advances, clinical benefits, technical and economic limitations, as well as future prospects for surgical practice. Methodology: This is an integrative literature review based on seven articles. The health science descriptors used were: "Robotic Surgical Procedures," "General Surgery," "Surgical Procedures, Operative," "Hernia," "Hernia, Inguinal," "Hernia, Ventral," and "Hernia, Abdominal," with the Boolean operators AND and OR applied. Free articles published in the last five years, available in the PubMed database, consistent with the purpose of analyzing the use of robotic surgery and traditional surgery in hernia repair, available in English, Portuguese, or Spanish, and classified as randomized clinical trials, systematic reviews, or meta-analyses, were included. Texts inconsistent with the topic were excluded. Results and Discussion: Robotic hernia repair surgery has demonstrated shorter hospital stays, longer operative times, and its minimally invasive nature results in less tissue damage and a lower inflammatory response than open procedures. This has resulted in improved wound healing, with fewer adhesions and scar formation, further reducing the risk of hernia recurrence. Furthermore, the greater stability and precision of robotic surgical platforms minimize adverse events caused by tremors or hand fatigue. The articulated instruments of the robotic system overcome the angular constraints associated with traditional laparoscopic surgery, potentially aiding in more successful closure of hernia defects. Therefore, in economic terms, there was an increase in financial costs due to the greater use of operating room resources and the initial costs of robotic consoles and instruments, as well as the investment in training for all healthcare professionals involved in the surgical team. Conclusion: Robotic surgery is an evolution of the minimally invasive approach that maintains clinical outcomes at least equivalent to traditional techniques in many scenarios and can outperform the open approach in wound complications and length of hospital stay in complex repairs. However, longer operative time and high costs remain the main limitations. Patient selection, team experience, and local infrastructure are crucial to capturing benefits. Robust comparative studies, stratified by hernia type and technique, and standardized economic analyses are priorities to consolidate indications. <pre class="tw-data-text tw-text-large tw-ta" dir="ltr" tabindex="-1" role="text" data-placeholder="Tradução" data-ved="2ahUKEwjy2sDq-MePAxXiILkGHdyBD3MQ3ewLegQIAxAV" aria-label="Texto traduzido: Introduction: In hernia repair, the benefits of the robotic system include high-quality 3D visualization of the abdominal cavity, increased motion, allowing for easier dissection of multiple adhesions, release of the rectus muscle, intraperitoneal mesh suturing, and complex abdominal wall reconstruction. Therefore, with the advancement of minimally invasive surgery, a comparative study between traditional surgery and robotic surgery in hernia repair is important to elucidate the true advantages, limitations, and future prospects within this field. Objective: To review and compare the use of robotic surgery and traditional surgery in hernia repair, highlighting their advances, clinical benefits, technical and economic limitations, as well as future prospects for surgical practice.">
INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN RISK MANAGEMENT: THE ROLE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE IDENTIFICATION AND MITIGATION OF CORPORATE FINANCIAL RISKS
The rapid pace of digital transformation has significantly reshaped financial risk management, with Artificial Intelligence (AI) emerging as a strategic tool to enhance accuracy, agility, and security in corporate decision-making. This study, classified as a qualitative, exploratory, and descriptive bibliographic research, investigates how AI has been applied to the identification and mitigation of corporate financial risks, emphasizing its contributions to compliance, fraud detection, and strategic decision support. The investigation was based on the systematic review of academic works retrieved from renowned databases, namely CAPES Periódicos, ResearchGate, Scopus, and Web of Science, focusing on publications between 2020 and 2025. The qualitative approach allowed for an in-depth analysis of concepts, applications, benefits, and limitations presented in the literature, aiming to interpret and synthesize the main theoretical and practical contributions. AI’s operational benefits include automation of routine tasks, real-time data processing, predictive analytics, and improved regulatory compliance, thereby reducing human error and operational costs. Furthermore, AI enables continuous monitoring, identification of anomalous patterns, and prevention of fraudulent activities through machine learning algorithms and neural networks, enhancing organizational resilience and strategic foresight. However, the adoption of AI in risk management is not free from challenges, as it demands substantial investments in technology infrastructure, high-quality data, skilled professionals, and the overcoming of cultural, ethical, and technical barriers. Issues such as algorithm transparency, compliance with data protection laws, and prevention of bias in automated decision-making are critical to ensuring stakeholder trust and regulatory conformity. The integration of AI with governance frameworks and Total Quality Management (TQM) principles strengthens corporate transparency, optimizes internal processes, and fosters a culture of continuous improvement in risk management practices. The literature review indicates that, when effectively implemented, AI can deliver sustainable competitive advantages by enabling organizations to anticipate threats, respond proactively to emerging risks, and align strategic decisions with long-term objectives. Nevertheless, the success of AI adoption depends on aligning technological capabilities with organizational culture, promoting continuous workforce training, and ensuring ethical and regulatory compliance. In conclusion, AI represents a transformative opportunity for corporate financial risk management, offering tools to not only identify and mitigate risks with greater precision but also to redefine operational and strategic paradigms in the financial sector. Its successful implementation requires an integrated approach that balances innovation, governance, and human oversight, ensuring that technological advances contribute to building robust, transparent, and future-oriented organizations.
Onelice Socorro dos Santos Silva Santana
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE FOR PREDICTIVE ECOTOXICITY ASSESSMENT IN ARTEMIA SALINA
The fresh water crustacean Artemia salina (brine shrimp) widelyused as a test organism in aquatic toxicology, being a filter crustacean of thalassic ecosystems, which feeds mainly on bacteria, unicellular algae, small protozoa and debris that are dissolved in the medium, which makes it widely used as a bioindicator of toxicity due to the high sensitivity in increasing particle concentration. The main objective of this study was to build robust and predictive machine learning models for predicting ecotoxicity of organic compounds in A. salina. All in silico steps developed in this study were performed in Python v.3.6 (https://www.python.org). The framework used is complete, such as the module for data preparation, data set balancing, construction and validation of machine learning models and machine interpretation. At the end of the balanced process, a dataset with classes containing the same weight, 232 toxic compounds, and 232 non-toxic compounds was obtained. The combination of Morgan and FeatMorgan fingerprints (radius 2: FeatMorgan_2, Morgan_2; radius 4: FeatMorgan_4, Morgan_4, radius 6: FeatMorgan_6, Morgan_6) with the Random Forest method led to highly predictive models with correct classification rate values. (RCC) ranging from 0.81–0.82, sensitivity (SE) of 0.78–0.81, specificity (SP) of 0.82–0.86, positive predictive value (PPV) of 0.82– 0.85, negative predictive value (NPV) of 0.79–0.82, Cohen's kappa coefficient (κ) of 0.63–0.65 and a coverage of 0.57–0.66. The increase in radius (ie parameter that defines the size of the molecular fragments computed during the calculation of descriptors) had a negative influence on the accuracy rate in the prediction of toxic compounds (2% reduction in SEs compared to the best model) and positive influence. on the classification rate of non-toxic compounds (~ 2% in SPs). The combination of Morgan and Fea fingerprints tMorgan (radius 2: FeatMorgan_2, Morgan_2; radius 4: FeatMorgan_4, Morgan_4, radius 6: FeatMorgan_6, Morgan_6) with the SVM method also led to predictive QSTR models, with (CCR) values ranging from 0.79–0, 81, (SE) 0.81–0.85, (SP) 0.76–0.80, (PPV) 0.77–0.80, NPV value of 0.80–0, 84, (κ) of 0.59–0.62 and a coverage of 0.57–0.66. Through this approach it was possible to identify molecules and fragments with positive contribution to toxicity in A. salina (structural alerts) such as: 5-nitrofuran (1), ethylenediamine (3), quinone (9) and 1,2-dichlorobenzene (11). Considering the potential of these molecules and fragments for toxicity, it is highly recommended that these substructures be avoided during the development process of new pesticides or have their use denied if they are being registered with environmental regulatory agencies. The models developed were robust and predictive. In the first phase of the study, the original data set was rigorously prepared to prevent experimental and compilation errors from being perpetuated and/or interfering with the predictability of the models. Increasing the radius of Morgan and FeatMorgan fingerprints is observed to decrease sensitivity and improve specificity.
USE OF ALTERNATIVE MATERIALS FOR CONCRETE REINFORCEMENT (NATURAL FIBERS)
Concrete remains one of the most widely used construction materials, yet its environmental impact and the demand for improved mechanical performance have led to the search for sustainable alternatives. This study aims to evaluate the potential of natural fibers as reinforcement in concrete, with focus on coconut, sisal, and bamboo fibers. Compressive strength tests were conducted using a hydraulic press, and the performance of each fiber type was analyzed. Results showed that coconut fiber, although not superior in compressive strength, contributed to improved durability and tensile resistance. Sisal fiber demonstrated comparable compressive strength to conventional concrete, reaching values up to 35 MPa, proving to be a viable reinforcement option. Bamboo fiber stood out by achieving superior compressive strength when properly treated, rivaling even high-performance concretes. These findings indicate that the incorporation of natural fibers into concrete not only enhances its mechanical properties but also promotes eco-friendly construction practices. The conclusions highlight bamboo as the most promising alternative due to its strength, sustainability, and potential to reduce the environmental footprint of civil engineering projects.
Agnaldo Antônio Moreira Teodoro da Silva
APPLICATION OF 430NM LED LIGHT FOR BACTERIAL DECONTAMINATION OF KIDNEY SLICES AND SCAFFOLDS
Renal bioengineering emerges as a promising alternative for the development of functional kidneys intended for transplantation in patients with end-stage chronic kidney disease. This experimental study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of 430 nm LED light in the sterilization process of rat kidney scaffolds contaminated with Escherichia coli. Bacterial strains were reactivated in the laboratory, followed by determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration. Kidneys from Wistar rats were decellularized using two different protocols involving SDS or Triton X-100 with DNase, after controlled perfusion and freezing. Cortical slices of the kidneys were intentionally contaminated with E. coli and exposed to 430 nm LED light under three experimental conditions, varying the distance and intensity of exposure. After exposure, the scaffolds were incubated for one week in appropriate culture medium, followed by microbiological analysis using different agar media to quantify colony-forming units (CFUs). The 430 nm LED is expected to significantly reduce bacterial load without compromising tissue structure, proving to be a viable alternative to conventional sterilization methods, which often damage the extracellular matrix. Thus, the use of LED light may represent an important advancement in the preparation of sterile kidney scaffolds for future clinical applications in organ bioengineering.
TRAINING EDUCATORS FROM THE NORTHEAST BACKLANDS IN ACTIVE METHODOLOGIES AND DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES
The continuing professional development of teachers is a strategic component for enhancing pedagogical practices, particularly in contexts with limited access to public policies and educational programs. This study presents the partial findings of a training project on active methodologies and digital technologies, developed by the Pedagogy program at the Evangelical University of Goiás – UniEVANGÉLICA. The participants are educators affiliated with the Água Viva Institute, a non-profit social organization working in the Sertão region of Northeast Brazil. Comprising four synchronous online meetings and one in-person session, the initiative aims to foster both technical competencies—related to didactics, active methodologies, and digital technologies—and socio-emotional skills, such as empathy, leadership, and teamwork. This paper presents the dynamics and outcomes of the first synchronous meeting, which took place on September 15, 2025. The results indicate a significant acquisition of new knowledge, increased educator engagement, and a stronger sense of belonging. It is concluded that this initiative by the Pedagogy program not only broadens the pedagogical repertoires of the participants but also contributes to the re-signification of educational practices in the semi-arid region of Northeast Brazil.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN ACADEMIC WORK
This study presents a literature review on the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in academic work and its implications for teaching and learning processes, particularly within the Human and Social Sciences. The objective is to analyze how AI, while representing an innovative and valuable tool, also poses pedagogical and ethical challenges, especially in the training of psychologists. The method consisted of a review of recent publications addressing both the benefits and the risks associated with the indiscriminate use of AI in academia. The results show that AI can significantly contribute to academic production and pedagogical development by supporting research and expanding access to information. However, concerns arise regarding the superficiality of learning processes, the potential compromise of intellectual autonomy, and the risk of replacing critical reflection with automated responses. Furthermore, the findings highlight the need for both faculty and student training to ensure conscious and qualified use of this technology. It is concluded that, although AI is a promising ally in education, its adoption requires a critical stance, ethical regulation, and pedagogical practices that safeguard academic integrity and the quality of Psychology education.
BIODIVERSITY LOSS IN THE CERRADO BIOME: EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES ON NATIVE AVIFAUNA
The Cerrado is one of the world’s most biodiverse tropical savannas, hosting about 837 bird species, many of them endemic. However, the biome has undergone intense environmental degradation due to agricultural expansion, deforestation, and frequent fires, leading to habitat loss and fragmentation. This study aimed to investigate the biodiversity loss of Cerrado avifauna by identifying the conservation status, population trends, and main anthropogenic pressures affecting native species. A dataset was compiled from secondary information provided by international and national databases (IUCN, MMA/ICMBio, BirdLife International, WikiAves), including attributes such as threat category, population trend, ecological traits, and foraging strategies. The descriptive and comparative analyses revealed that 33 species (3.9%) are listed as threatened globally by the IUCN, while 239 (28.6%) are included in the Brazilian Red List. Moreover, 55.7% of the evaluated species showed decreasing population trends, highlighting a generalized decline. In terms of ecology, most threatened species are insectivores and omnivores with terrestrial foraging habits, which are highly sensitive to the degradation of understory vegetation. Aquatic species, such as the Brazilian merganser (Mergus octosetaceus), are strongly impacted by dam construction and river impoundments, while nectarivores and frugivores are negatively affected by the replacement of native vegetation with exotic monocultures. These findings indicate that Cerrado birds dependent on soil resources and native flora are the most exposed to anthropogenic threats. In conclusion, despite a relatively small proportion of species being globally recognized as threatened, the high percentage of declining populations reflects the severe impact of habitat conversion on the Cerrado biome. These results reinforce the urgent need for integrated conservation actions, including habitat restoration, fire control, and the establishment of ecological corridors, to preserve the unique biodiversity of this tropical savanna.
MICROBIOLOGICAL AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF HOMEMADE FRESH MILK MARKETED IN ANÁPOLIS - GO
Title: Microbiological and Physicochemical Analysis of Homemade Fresh Milk Marketed in Anápolis - GO Objective: To analyze the microbiological and physicochemical quality of homemade fresh milk sold in the Anápolis - GO region, focusing on the detection of Salmonella spp. Justification: Raw milk consumption is common in family and rural settings, often without proper sanitary inspection, posing a public health risk due to potential contamination with pathogenic microorganisms. Methodology: Sampling: Milk samples collected over one year. Physicochemical analyses: pH, titratable acidity, density, fat content, protein content, cryoscopy, and water activity. Microbiological analyses: Mesophilic bacteria count, total and thermotolerant coliforms, molds and yeasts, and detection of Salmonella spp. using selective media and confirmatory tests. Methodological references: AOAC, Embrapa, MAPA, and ANVISA. Data comparison: Results will be compared with MAPA Normative Instruction No. 76/2018 and ANVISA Normative Instruction No. 161/2022. Expected Results: Variations in physicochemical parameters among samples. Presence of Salmonella spp. in some samples. Evidence of deficiencies in milking and milk preservation practices. Impact and Applications: The findings may support educational initiatives and hygienic-sanitary control strategies, promoting safer artisanal milk production and consumption.
AVAILABILITY OF INSECTS IN AREAS UNDER DIFFERENT FIRE REGIMES IN THE CERRADO AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH THE PRESENCE OF GRASSLAND BIRDS – IMPLICATIONS FOR MANAGEMENT AND CONSERVATION
The Cerrado is one of the most biodiverse biomes in the world, but it is strongly shaped by fire, which influences vegetation structure and animal communities. Insects play a central role in ecosystem functioning, acting as pollinators, decomposers, herbivores, and as a food source for many species, particularly grassland birds. Despite their importance, insect responses to different fire regimes remain poorly understood. This study, conducted in Chapada dos Veadeiros National Park (Brazil), will evaluate the effects of fire frequency and intensity on insect abundance, biomass, and composition, as well as their relationship with grassland bird communities. Insects will be sampled using sweep-net transects during both dry and rainy seasons, identified at the order level, counted, and weighed. Statistical analyses, including ANOVA, Kruskal–Wallis, NMDS, and regression models, will be applied to compare insect communities across areas subjected to different fire regimes (annual, biennial, triennial, and unburned) and to assess correlations with bird abundance. It is expected that fire alters insect availability, directly influencing food resources and the reproductive success of grassland birds. The findings will provide valuable insights for adaptive fire management strategies, strengthening conservation practices in the Cerrado