The Role of Nursing in Addressing Barriers to Cervical Cancer Screening in Primary Care: An Experience Report

Abstract

Introduction: The cervical cytology exam, known as the Pap smear, represents one of the main screening strategies used for the early identification of cellular changes. Through this exam, it is possible to detect precursor lesions that can evolve into cervical cancer, allowing for timely interventions and contributing to the reduction of morbidity and mortality associated with the disease. In Primary Health Care, especially in Basic Health Units, this exam is widely used as a preventive measure focused on women's health. In this context, the nurse plays a fundamental role both in performing the procedure and in guiding and welcoming the users. However, factors such as shame, fear, insecurity, and lack of information still represent barriers that hinder many women from undergoing preventive examinations. Objective: To report the experience gained during the Nursing internship in a Basic Health Unit, highlighting the nurse's role in addressing the barriers related to undergoing the Pap smear test. Methodology: This is a descriptive study, of the experience report type, developed from the experiences of the supervised curricular internship in Nursing carried out in a Basic Health Unit. During the internship period, activities related to welcoming users, educational guidance on prevention, and participation in the collection of the cytopathological examination under the supervision of the responsible nurse were observed. Discussion: It was observed that many women showed resistance to undergoing the examination, mainly due to shame about body exposure, fear of the diagnosis, and anxiety regarding the procedure. Skilled listening, humanized dialogue, and clear guidance contributed to reducing insecurities and promoting greater acceptance of screening. Conclusion: It is concluded that nurses play an essential role in promoting women's health, especially in performing the Pap smear. Welcoming, health education, and humanizing care are fundamental strategies to reduce barriers and encourage women's adherence to screening.