ESTUDO COMPARATIVO DE DIFERENTES ACESSOS CIRURGICOS INDICADOS NA CIRURGIA DE ARTROPLASTIA DE QUADRIL EM PACIENTE COM FRATURA DE COLO FEMORAL
Palavras-chave:
artroplastia de quadril, intervenção cirúrgica, fratura do colo femoralResumo
Introdução: Fraturas do colo femoral são lesões comuns dentro da prática ortopédica, normalmente ligada a uma faixa etária mais idosa, que demandam intervenção cirúrgica, tanto artroplastia parcial quanto artroplastia total de quadril, para sua correção. O acesso cirúrgico utilizado nessas cirurgias deve ser escolhido com muita cautela, uma vez que podem influenciar de forma significativa o resultado da cirurgia e o bem estar do paciente. Objetivo: comparar diferentes tipos de acesso cirúrgicos utilizados na cirurgia de artroplastia de quadril em pacientes com fratura de colo de fêmur. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa, realizada por meio da consulta de artigos nas bases de dados do Public/Medline ou Publisher Medline (PUBMED), Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) e Web of Science. Utilizou-se artigos completos publicados no período de 2020-2025, nos idiomas inglês e português. Resultado: Os estudos comparativos indicam que o acesso anterior direto (AAD) geralmente apresenta menor sangramento, tempo operatório reduzido, menor tempo de hospitalização e melhores escores funcionais no pós-operatório imediato, quando comparado aos acessos lateral e posterior. O acesso posterior (AP) tende a apresentar maior risco de complicações e mortalidade, enquanto técnicas minimamente invasivas, como SuperPATH, demonstram melhor recuperação funcional e menor perda sanguínea. Conclusões: Os resultados de cada variação de acesso cirúrgico dependem primordialmente da experiencia e habilidade do cirurgião com cada tipo de acesso, entretanto alguns acessos apresentam melhores resoluções finais e devem ser preferidos em relação a outros se em mesmas condições clinicas.
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