POTENCIAL DE APLICAÇÃO DE NANOPARTÍCULAS DE PRATA NA PERIODONTIA – UMA REVISÃO DE LITERATURA
Palavras-chave:
doenças periodontais, gengivite, nanopartículasResumo
Introdução: As nanopartículas de prata (AgNPs) têm despertado crescente interesse devido às suas propriedades antimicrobianas, anti-inflamatórias e regenerativas. Na Periodontia, seu potencial terapêutico é promissor para o manejo das doenças periodontais, especialmente diante da resistência microbiana e da necessidade de novas abordagens adjuvantes. Objetivo: Reunir, analisar criticamente e discutir as evidências científicas disponíveis sobre a aplicação das AgNPs na Periodontia, abordando métodos de síntese, mecanismos de ação, propriedades terapêuticas e limitações. Método: Revisão narrativa da literatura realizada na base PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science e Google Scholar, abrangendo artigos publicados até agosto de 2025. Foram utilizados descritores controlados e não controlados (MeSH/DeCS) combinados por operadores booleanos, incluindo: periodontal disease, nanoparticles e silver. Resultados: As AgNPs podem ser sintetizadas por métodos biológicos, químicos e físicos, destacando-se aqueles de origem bacteriana e vegetal pela sustentabilidade e estabilidade das partículas. Estudos in vitro demonstram eficácia contra biofilmes periodontais e peri-implantares, bem como efeitos sinérgicos quando associadas a antimicrobianos convencionais. Além da ação bactericida, evidenciam propriedades anti-inflamatórias, analgésicas e de estímulo à regeneração tecidual, aumentando a angiogênese e a produção de colágeno. Entretanto, altas doses podem causar citotoxicidade, sendo estudadas estratégias para minimizar este efeito. Conclusão: As AgNPs apresentam potencial terapêutico relevante para a Periodontia; contudo, a ausência de protocolos clínicos padronizados e a necessidade de definição de concentrações seguras limitam sua aplicação. Estudos clínicos controlados são essenciais para validar sua eficácia e segurança antes da incorporação rotineira na prática periodontal.
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