THE CLINICAL MANAGEMENT OF TURNER'S HYPOPLASIA: LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

DENTAL ENAMEL IS A HARD AND CALCIFIED STRUCTURE THAT COVERS AND PROTECTS THE TEETH, ORIGINATES FROM AMELOBLASTS, VERY SENSITIVE CELLS AND FOR THIS REASON EXOGENOUS AND ENDOGENOUS FACTORS CAN CAUSE ITS ALTERATION, INDUCING THE FORMATION OF DEFECTS IN THE DENTAL ENAMEL. THERE ARE SEVERAL TYPES OF ENAMEL DEFECT (EDD), WHICH CAN APPEAR AS A QUANTITATIVE DEFECT, WHERE THERE IS A DEFICIENT FORMATION OF THE ENAMEL MATRIX AND CONSEQUENTLY A DECREASE IN ITS QUANTITY, OR IT CAN BE PRESENTED AS A DEFECT IN THE QUALITY OF THE ENAMEL, WHERE THE SAME IT HAS NORMAL THICKNESS, WITH ALTERATION IN TRANSLUCENCY. TURNER HYPOPLASIA IS A QUANTITATIVE ALTERATION CAUSED BY AGGRESSION TO AMELOBLASTS IN THE ENAMEL MATRIX FORMATION PHASE, WHICH MAY INTERFERE IN DIFFERENT WAYS WITH DENTAL CHARACTERISTICS. CLINICALLY, TURNER TEETH PRESENT WITH AN ENAMEL DEFECT RANGING FROM INCONSPICUOUS GROOVES, WHITISH STAINS TO A YELLOW-BROWN COLOR WITH IRREGULARITIES IN THE CROWN OF THE TOOTH THAT CAN CAUSE TOOTH SENSITIVITY. THE PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY IS TO ADDRESS THE IMPORTANCE OF THE DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS IN THE CLINICAL AND OPERATIVE MANAGEMENT OF THIS ANOMALY. WE USED 22 ARTICLES FOR THE LITERATURE REVIEW, TAKEN FROM GOOGLE SCHOLAR, PUBMED AND SCIELO. TEETH WITH THIS DEFECT PREDISPOSE TO HAVE MORE FAVORABLE AREAS FOR BACTERIA COLONIZATION, HYPOPLASTIC PERMANENT ONES ARE MORE SUSCEPTIBLE TO CARIES ATTACK WHEN COMPARED TO TEETH WITHOUT THE ALTERATION. IT IS MORE PREVALENT IN THE PERMANENT DENTITION, AFFECTING ONE OR SEVERAL DENTAL ELEMENTS, AND THE PROBABLE CAUSE WILL BE SOME TRAUMATIC INJURY THAT CAUSES THE DECIDUOUS INCISORS TO BE PUSHED OR DISPLACED INTO THE ALVEOLUS, THUS HARMING THE PERMANENT BUD. DUE TO THE LOCATION OF THE UPPER CENTRAL INCISORS, THERE IS A GREATER PROBABILITY OF TRAUMA IN THEIR REGION, AND WITH THAT THESE ELEMENTS CAN BE DISPLACED TOWARDS THE PERMANENT TEETH IN DEVELOPMENT AND CONSEQUENTLY CAUSING ALTERATION IN THE FORMATION OF ENAMEL. IT IS IMPORTANT THAT THE PROFESSIONAL SEARCH FOR A DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS; TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE VARIETY OF SHAPES, SIZES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ANOMALIES.