CUIDADOS COM A SAÚDE BUCAL NOS PRIMEIROS 12 MESES DE VIDA

Abstract

Introduction: Oral health care should begin in the first months of life, as it is directly linked to the baby's overall health. Early oral hygiene, breastfeeding, and the prevention of deleterious habits contribute to healthy development, preventing cavities and malocclusions. Professional guidance from an early age is essential in this process. Objectives: To highlight the importance of dental treatment in childhood; to instruct on oral hygiene practices before and after tooth eruption; to point out the benefits of breastfeeding for oral development; to relate deleterious habits to early oral problems; to gather up-to-date scientific evidence on preventive care; and to understand the impacts of prolonged breastfeeding. Methods: An integrative literature review was conducted, focusing on oral health care during the first 12 months of life. Searches were carried out in the SciELO and Google Scholar databases using the terms: “Oral health care for babies in the first year of life,” “Oral hygiene practices in babies,” and “Importance of oral hygiene in babies up to one year of age.” Articles published between 2020 and 2023 in Portuguese and English were selected. Discussion: The literature emphasizes that oral hygiene should begin even before tooth eruption, using gauze or a moistened cloth. This practice prevents colonization by harmful bacteria. Exclusive breastfeeding until six months supports the development of oral muscles and helps prevent malocclusions. On the other hand, early use of pacifiers and bottles, combined with a lack of hygiene, is associated with early childhood caries and bite alterations. Many parents still do not receive adequate guidance, and this, combined with unprepared professionals and the lack of public policies, hinders prevention efforts. Conclusion: Taking care of oral health from the first months of life is essential. Proper hygiene and early professional follow-up are fundamental to prevent diseases and promote healthy oral development.