Oral Health of the Pregnant Woman: A Key Factor for the Baby's Well-being

The Importance of Prevention and Dental Care During Pregnancy

Abstract

Introduction: The oral health of pregnant women is essential for maternal and child health. During pregnancy, hormonal changes increase susceptibility to periodontal diseases such as gingivitis and periodontitis, which can lead to complications like preterm birth and low birth weight. However, many pregnant women are still unaware of these risks, reinforcing the need for preventive dental care during pregnancy. Objective: To analyze the importance of oral health during pregnancy and its implications for the baby's well-being, addressing periodontal diseases, maternal nutrition, and breastfeeding. Methodology: This is a bibliographic research with a qualitative approach. Scientific articles were selected from the SciELO, BVS, and Google Scholar databases, using the descriptors: "pregnancy," "oral health," "nutrition," and "prenatal dental care." Discussion: Physiological changes resulting from pregnancy increase the predisposition to periodontal diseases which, when left untreated, contribute to complications such as preterm birth and low birth weight. In addition, maternal nutrition plays a crucial role in the formation of the fetal stomatognathic system, with adequate intake of calcium and vitamins supporting dental development. Breastfeeding also plays an important role by stimulating oral function and acting as a protective factor against cavities. Although dental care is safe during pregnancy—especially in the second trimester—barriers such as fear, misinformation, and lack of referrals still persist, limiting access to preventive care. Conclusion: The oral health of pregnant women plays a fundamental role in the baby's well-being. Dental follow-up, adequate nutrition, and health education are essential to prevent complications, improve maternal and child health, and ensure healthy oral development in the baby.