Clinical and Surgical Approach to Traumatic Fibroma: Case Report

Abstract

Introduction: Benign tumors of the oral cavity are common lesions, generally asymptomatic and associated with chronic trauma. Among them, traumatic oral fibroma (TOF) stands out—a reactive hyperplasia of fibrous connective tissue resulting from low-intensity irritative stimuli, such as ill-fitting dentures, accidental bites, poorly adapted restorations, and repetitive oral parafunctional habits. Although benign, these lesions can cause functional and aesthetic discomfort to the patient and are frequently identified during routine clinical examinations. Objective: This work aims to report a clinical case of traumatic fibroma, discussing its etiological factors, clinical manifestations, and therapeutic approach. Methods: This is a case report based on a literature review conducted using the PubMed and Google Scholar databases with the keywords: “Oral Fibroma,” “Benign Lesion,” and “Reactive Hyperplasia.” Results and Discussion: TOF presents clinically as an asymptomatic, slow-growing nodule, usually sessile, firm in consistency, and with a color similar to the adjacent mucosa. It occurs more frequently in women between the second and third decades of life, affecting areas such as the buccal mucosa, lips, and lingual ridges. Diagnosis is clinical and histopathological, requiring differentiation from other lesions such as papilloma and inflammatory hyperplasia. The main treatment involves removing the causative agent and surgically excising the lesion with safe margins. The prognosis is favorable, with a low recurrence rate when complete and proper removal is performed. Conclusion: Traumatic fibroma is a common benign lesion in dental practice and should be identified early to prevent growth and functional and aesthetic discomfort for the patient. Correct removal of the causal factor combined with surgical excision ensures satisfactory outcomes and recurrence prevention. Studies like this contribute to a better clinical understanding and management of reactive lesions of the oral mucosa, promoting long-term therapeutic success and oral health for the patient.