A Revista Gears N' Bricks é uma publicação acadêmica dos Cursos de Engenharia Civil e Engenharia Mecânica da Faculdade Evangélica de Goianésia, Goiás, em formato online, com publicação semestral. É um periódico direcionado à divulgação de artigos científicos e trabalhos técnico-científicos originais, inéditos, resultantes de pesquisas científicas com as mais diversas abordagens teóricas e metodológicas, relacionadas às engenharias. A Revista Gears N' Bricks está aberta a receber trabalhos de pesquisadores de instituições de pesquisa, ensino e extensão do Brasil e do mundo. ISSN: 2966-2265
Cursos de Engenharia - Faculdade Evangélica de Goianésia
The sugarcane-alcohol and Sucroenergetic sector are showing significant evolution in industrial expansion with the increasing production of food products, fuel, and clean, renewable energy. This evolution in the industry implies a demand for updates in the equipment of this sector, whether structurally or technologically. This study aims to dimension structurally the components of the lateral tipping crane, improving its applicability and reducing raw material waste during the unloading of a 40-ton sugarcane wagon. The structural design will fully comply with the current ABNT standards, with mechanical tests also conducted on critical points of the structure using computational applications. As an essential factor for the project's conception, the material used, production cost, and maintainability will be reviewed, enhancing the system's reliability. The loss of efficiency and applicability becomes concerning factors in this operation, primarily because it deals with essential equipment for unloading sugarcane in Sucroenergetic industries. With the aim of understanding the reasons for raw material waste, this study was initiated, culminating in analyzes up to structural reliability. This approach aims to increase efficiency and precision in the construction of the current equipment. After the conception and critical project analysis, it was observed that failures in dimensioning can increase the tendency for ruptures at critical points of the structural connections and the equipment's base. Empirical tests were conducted with a prototype, enabling the operational and analytical phase of the project.
Marinés Chiquinquirá Carvajal Bravo Gomes
DETERMINATION OF PATHOLOGIES IN ASPHALT PAVING ON A SECTION OF AVENIDA BRASIL IN GOIANÉSIA - GO
This study aimed to determine the pathologies present in the asphalt pavement of a 200-meter section of Avenida Brazil, located in Goianésia - GO. Using the Global Severity Index (IGG) method, field inspections and analyses were conducted to identify and catalog the existing defects. The identified pathologies included alligator cracking, longitudinal cracks, potholes, and patches. The IGG calculation revealed that the studied section had an index of 121, classifying the pavement as in "poor condition" according to the DNIT 006/2003 standard. This result indicated an urgent need for interventions to restore the quality and safety of the road.
PROPOSAL TO REPLACE MATERIAL FOR WINGED TIPS USED IN SOIL PURVEYERS
The furrowing activity is essential in sugarcane cultivation as it creates channels in the soil for planting seedlings. This process involves intense mechanical friction between the furrower and the soil, requiring durable and resistant materials to ensure the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of agricultural operations. The main objective of this work is to present a proposal for replacing the material of the winged tips used in soil furrowers, aiming to increase durability and reduce operational costs. To achieve this objective, a comparative analysis of the materials used in the winged tips was conducted. Samples with the proposed new materials were manufactured and subjected to field tests to evaluate their performance under real usage conditions. The experiment utilized two planters of the same model: one equipped with Quard 450 steel tips and the other with original material tips. Over an entire season, equivalent to 270 days of work, it was observed that the planter equipped with Quard 450 steel tips required only 210 replacements compared to 1545 replacements of the original material tips. The results indicated that the average daily replacements were significantly lower for the Quard 450 steel tips. Economically, there was a total savings of 82.70%, with the planter equipped with Quard 450 steel tips having a total operating cost of R$ 37,416.00, compared to R$ 216,252.00 for the planter with original material tips. Thus, the replacement of the winged tips material with Quard 450 steel proved to be feasible and beneficial, providing a more efficient and economical alternative for sugarcane producers. The new materials not only increased the durability of the tips but also significantly reduced operational costs and machine downtime.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY BETWEEN STRUCTURAL MASONRY AND CONVENTIONAL MASONRY
The construction industry has adapted to significant changes, especially in Brazil during the 20th century. The search for effective solutions to improve productivity has driven the adoption of more efficient and sustainable methods in construction. Brazilian companies have prioritized savings on construction sites, facing challenges due to the persistence of outdated methods. The difference between these methods is decisive in economics, planning and waste management in construction, requiring precise planning to minimize uncertainties and guide future decisions. The elementary objective will be to make a comparison between two construction methods: structural masonry and conventional masonry with a reinforced concrete structure. This analysis will address its qualitative characteristics, advantages and disadvantages, as well as quantitative aspects, with the aim of evaluating which of the systems provides better efficiency and financial profitability. To achieve the objectives, the methodology will involve a literature review to identify the characteristics of structural masonry and conventional masonry. Next, cost, time and resource data will be collected from a reference work of 6 floors in structural masonry in Goianésia. Comparative analysis will be carried out to determine the efficiency and financial profitability of both methods. It is expected that the result of the comparison between structural masonry and conventional masonry with a reinforced concrete structure will provide clear insights into the differences between the two construction methods. This includes an in-depth understanding of the qualitative characteristics of each system, highlighting its advantages and disadvantages. Furthermore, a detailed analysis of quantitative aspects, such as construction costs, execution time and resource management, is expected to evaluate the efficiency and financial profitability of both methods. The final result should identify which system offers the best balance between construction efficiency and financial viability, assisting in decision-making for future construction projects.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS IN THE REDUCTION AND RETARDATION OF SURFACE RUNOFF BETWEEN GREEN ROOF AND CONVENTIONAL ROOF
Civil construction is one of the oldest activities, exemplified by the pyramids in Egypt, and is crucial for economic and social development. However, this activity intensively consumes natural resources, which makes sustainable development difficult. Disorderly urbanization and the increase in impermeable areas contribute to problems such as flooding in large Brazilian cities. A sustainable alternative is the adoption of green roofs, which consists of using soil and plants on the top of the building. This technique reduces rainwater runoff on public roads and networks, absorbing and draining rainwater, and can significantly reduce surface runoff. Aiming to address the green roof's ability to reduce surface runoff, in addition to delaying rainwater runoff. Two prototypes will be developed, one with a green roof and the other with a conventional roof. The experiment will feature two tests, one with the average daily rainfall throughout the year and the other with the highest daily rainfall, simulating the most critical situation over a period of one year in the city of Goianésia-GO. The prototypes in question have an area of ​​1.5m², therefore 19 and 104 liters of water are required to carry out these tests respectively, which will be distributed over a period of 60 minutes on both roofs. With the results obtained, a comparison will be made between the two types of roofs to demonstrate the effectiveness of the green roof in reducing and delaying surface runoff. Based on previous work, it is expected that the green roof will present a delay in surface runoff compared to the conventional roof, these results indicate that green roofs have the potential to reduce the impacts of surface runoff, which is fundamental for flood control and sustainable water management.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE DESIGN OF SOLID SLABS BETWEEN THE EBERICK SOFTWARE AND THE ANALYTICAL METHOD
The development of a building's structural design requires crucial criteria and steps to ensure its sustainability and safety. For the structural designer, the first component usually dimensioned is the slabs, which are responsible for bearing the loads of the building's use and transmitting them to the other structural elements. Although manual calculations have been widely used for a long time, computer software has gained ground mainly because it speeds up the preparation of projects, but results in an increase in the consumption of materials due to the over-dimensioning of structures. In this context, this work aims to carry out a comparative study between the analytical calculation (manual) and the calculation using the Eberick software, for solid slabs, in order to determine which provides more reliable results for the development of this structural element. In this comparative study, the results of the calculations carried out manually based on NBR 6118/2023 and those carried out using the Eberick software will be analyzed. The support reactions, bending moments, steel area and deflections of the slabs of a building will be evaluated. It is hoped that at the end of this work the results will show the numerical differences between the two methods, indicating the one that presents the best structural behavior and the most economical design.
ANALYSIS OF THE BEHAVIOR OF LIGHT STEEL FRAME METAL PROFILES CORNER TYPE
Civil engineering has always played an important role in society, providing the economic development necessary to meet existing demands to improve the population's quality of life. In this way, technological development is fundamental for the continuous advancement of this sector, resulting in better results. The Light Steel Frame – LSF is an innovation in light steel structure and has been a widespread construction method in several countries, presenting numerous advantages over traditional methods. Full understanding of the limitations of the construction elements required in this system is essential, as failures may occur in the case of inappropriate use. Based on the above, the objective of this work was to evaluate the mechanical properties that govern the behavior of angle profiles, manufactured and sold by the company Isoeste Metálica, located in the city of Anápolis-GO, in terms of load and rupture mechanism of the analyzed profile. In this sense, the tests were carried out at the company's headquarters, where a structure was set up with some auxiliary devices, such as: Load applicator, load cell, load transmitter and supports. Throughout the test, 16 angle profiles were tested and divided into two groups, L60x30x1.25mm – ZAR400 and L90x30x2.30mm – ZAR400, which were applied to the connections between the profiles of the ISOTELHADO system, with verification being carried out between flanges and support structure and connections between the purlins and the chords. In this way, each profile was subjected to a series of loads to obtain its breaking load. With the results, it was possible to observe that the profiles with a thickness of 1.25 mm went through plastic deformation stages in their rupture mechanism in all cases until they reached their collapse through the pulling out of screws, while the profiles with a thickness of 2.30 mm showed that the models that suffered collapse, due to screws being pulled out, failed even before obtaining large deformations. Although the results achieved were satisfactory, according to the company, it was not possible to identify the type of effort that caused the failure of the components, making it necessary, for future tests, to have greater technological control during the tests, in order to reduce the uncertainties.
NICKEL MARKET ANALYSIS AND ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPORTANCE OF NICKEL FOR THE TRANSITION PROCESS FROM COMBUSTION VEHICLES TO ELECTRIC VEHICLES
The demand for nickel in the industrial production sectors has been increasing systematically in recent years, driven by demands for clean energy, which, in turn, are guided by the transition process in the global energy matrix, stimulated, mainly, by the environmental issues that plague the planet. As an example, we can mention global warming generated, in part, by the emission of greenhouse gases, which is one of the most debated and studied issues in contemporary times, where quick and effective solutions are sought. In this context, one of the sectors that most contributes to the emission of greenhouse gasses is transport, more specifically vehicles that burn gasoline, diesel and alcohol. Data indicates that the future of this transition process, as well as other sectors of the industry, may become uncertain due to demand versus supply of nickel in the futures market with some countries, such as China, listing it as a critical mineral due to its reserves and explorations. Through a careful descriptive bibliographic analysis, the basis was provided to evaluate the market dynamics of this mineral.
APLICAÇÃO VEÍCULAR DO GÁS HIGROGÊNIO COMO AUXILIADOR DE COMBUSTÍVEL ALTERNATIVO
The scarcity of resources from fossil fuels, in line with the large quantities of polluting gases released into the atmosphere, are increasingly evident in the study of new technologies to mitigate the environmental impact caused, among them, the use of clean fuels and devices that can assist in the burning of fossil fuels in internal combustion engines. This work aims to study the obtaining of hydrogen gas through aqueous electrolysis, a process by which an electric current is passed through water and hydrogen is obtained by breaking the water molecule (H2O) into its fundamental particles hydrogen (H2) and oxygen ( O), made using a prototype hydrogen generator developed at the technological center of the Faculdade Evangélica de Goianésia and its implementation in an Otto cycle internal combustion engine, to measure the influence of hydrogen on combustion. To carry out the tests, a motorcycle was used to which the HHO gas generation system was coupled, connected to the vehicle's battery and the gas was led into the combustion chamber through the engine's air intake. It was found that there was a yield of around 40% after implementing the prototype in the vehicle's engine, going from an average consumption of 0.23 liters/hour to approximately 0.14 liters/hour. constant speed of 1500 rpm and an applied fuel mass of 0.05 liters. This percentage increased when the engine speed parameters were modified, and continued to be efficient at around 45% better at speeds around 3000 rpm. It was found that the hydrogen produced by the generator, acting as a fuel booster (gasoline), when injected into the engine, promoted a satisfactory economic improvement.
USE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
The increasing use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in civil engineering has been a remarkable trend driven by technological advancement. This article aims to explore this trend, highlighting the benefits, solutions, shortcomings, and limitations of AI application in the construction sector. AI serves as a technological tool to optimize resource management, facilitate decision-making, reduce errors and costs, and even enhance safety on construction sites. The methodology employed in this study consisted of bibliographic research and experimentation with freely available AI, seeking to understand its interpretation and application capabilities according to the proposed needs. The systematic approach allowed for a detailed analysis of relevant academic sources, providing a comprehensive insight into the potential of AI in civil engineering. Based on these research methods, it was possible to gather the results of different AI tools, both available to the public and for specific sectors, and analyze their effectiveness based on what they propose. In short, the use of AI in the civil engineering sector can help practices and facilitate work, but some technologies still require professional supervision and constant improvement, in order to get the most out of them and avoid possible errors.
STUDY OF GREYWATER REUSE IN RURAL RESIDENCES
The lack of water and basic sanitation is a global problem with significant impacts on health, the economy, and the environment. Global water demand has been increasing over the past decades due to population growth, urbanization, and economic development. Currently, about 1.6 billion people face water scarcity, and 2.3 billion people do not have access to adequate basic sanitation. One of the alternatives to address water scarcity and its impacts is the reuse of gray water, which is water from relatively clean domestic activities, such as laundry and showers. However, this practice still faces challenges such as lack of regulation, technical knowledge, investments, and awareness. In the study, we employed a residential project with a built area of 246.42 m² and a total daily consumption of 1,200 liters in the residence. This study incorporated information on reusable effluents and the demand for non-potable water for toilet flushing and garden taps. To evaluate the economic feasibility, two hydraulic and sanitary projects were developed: one conventional and the other with a gray water reuse system. The QiBuilder software was used to generate material lists and calculate implementation costs.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF CONSTRUCTION METHODS IN ICF AND CONVENTIONAL MASONRY
In Brazil, the construction industry is increasingly focused on seeking alternatives to replace traditional construction methods with those that allow for greater development in terms of quality, speed, and sustainability. Therefore, these options aim to reduce generated waste, minimize material wastage, increase execution speed, reduce the consumption of natural resources, and ensure good performance of constructions. This study aims to compare the conventional construction method, characterized by the use of reinforced concrete structures and ceramic block masonry, with the construction method that uses expanded polystyrene (EPS) walls, known as Insulated Concrete Form (ICF). A case study will be conducted in the city of Itaberaí, Goiás on a residential project, with the objective of demonstrating the feasibility of using the Insulated Concrete Form (ICF) in civil construction, describing its main characteristics, materials, and construction stages used. Furthermore, a financial comparison will be made through budgets for both construction methods in order to identify the best cost-benefit ratio. The results of this study, based on theoretical findings, revealed that the execution cost of the ICF system was higher than the conventional method, recording a difference of R$23,454.27. In percentage terms, this represents an increase of 25.2% compared to the conventional system. Thus, concluding more advantageous results for the conventional system in terms of costs, however, elements such as productivity, minimization of material waste, thermal and acoustic performance were not considered in the results, which could make the ICF system more attractive.
THE IMPACT OF LABOR AND MATERIALS COSTS ON THE BUDGET OF CIVIL CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS
Effective management of labor costs is a crucial component of construction project budgeting, directly impacting your financial goals and success. Labor represents a significant portion of the costs for such projects in this sector, making its management essential for the efficient and profitable execution of projects. This study aimed to carry out a literature review related to the impact of labor costs on the budget of civil construction projects, identifying the main factors that influence the formation of these costs and proposing solutions to optimize management and reduce financial impacts on projects. The methodology used for this study was literature review, through bibliographic research, deductive method and qualitative research. The search and selection of scientific articles were carried out through online access to the Scielo, Unicamp Virtual Library, PUC and Google Scholar databases. The Results and Discussion indicate that optimizing management and reducing financial impacts on civil construction projects, both companies and professionals in the sector can optimize project management, reduce financial impacts, minimize delays and waste and improve the quality of work, resulting in more successful and profitable projects. It is concluded that the impact of labor costs on the budget of civil construction projects is undeniable and the effective management of these costs requires a comprehensive approach that considers all resources that are essential and that have the ability to balance operational efficiency with Quality of work is key to achieving success in construction projects while keeping costs under control.
USE OF EXPANDED POLYSTYRENE (EPS) AS LIGHTWEIGHT AGGREGATE TO REPLACE COARSE AGGREGATE IN CONCRETE MANUFACTURING
Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) - popularly known in Brazil as Styrofoam - is a rigid plastic composed of just 2% raw material and 98% air, being characterized as an extremely light material, which makes economic viability for recycling difficult. In general, this material is improperly disposed of, which could be reused or recycled. Based on the above, the objective of this work was to compare the strength of concrete with partial replacement of coarse aggregate by EPS in three different percentages with that of reference concrete. To carry out this study, four mixes of concrete were made, one with conventional materials and the others with the replacement mentioned in the following percentages: 5, 10 and 15%. After the specimens were left to cure by immersion, they were tested for axial compression at ages of 7 and 28 days. The results presented in the tests showed a drop in compressive strength with the addition of EPS replacement when compared to the mixture without replacement. Another relevant factor is that the results obtained for cementitious composites were all lower than the minimum stipulated by standard to classify them as structural concrete. However, all mixes with replacement of coarse aggregate by EPS can be classified as lightweight concrete, since they reached the expected values, in terms of specific mass, for this conclusion and, despite not being able to be used for structural purposes, this It can be used in other civil construction applications.
ARTICULATED ARM PROJECT FOR MAINTENANCE ON SUGAR CANE HARVESTERS
The agribusiness sector is directly linked to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), which reflects a positive evolution in industries each year, and around 27.5% of GDP in 2021 came from the sector's participation. This result is closely linked to the technological increase in the field, which generates high productivity and expands the frontiers of agribusiness. In general, a mechanic with a salary of sixteen reais per hour spends an average of 4 hours to change the ten harvester rollers, but four mechanics are needed, generating a cost of two hundred and fifty-six reais to chang the rollers. The objective of the project was to develop an articulated arm for maintenance on sugarcane harvester rollers, and this element has an average weight of 40 kg. After the development and construction of the prototype, it was observed that the main ratchet that moves the arm, due to the cylinder load, showed difficulty in activating, however it was proven that with the help of a collaborator, at the beginning of the lift, it is possible for the arm to perform the cylinder movement function. In the tests carried out, the mechanical arm supported a load of 60 kg and showed good performance, facilitating the removal of the harvester rollers and reducing the effort of workers carrying out maintenance. The total cost of the mechanical arm was approximately R$1500, using low-cost and accessible materials.
STRUCTURAL COMPARISON BETWEEN THE DESIGN OF ROOT PILES OBTAINED BY NUMERICAL AND ANALYTICAL METHODS
Deep foundations, especially root-type foundations, are characterized by having great lateral strength and edge strength, being molded in loco and being injected. This was the pile model used in this real case study, where 6 piles of a base were dimensioned to support a sugarcane shredder in a sugarcane mill. Through data obtained by the companies participating in the planning, projects and execution, the sizing and detailing of the piles was carried out using analytical and numerical methods, where the first is based on literature and standards described using the semi-empirical methods of Aoki Veloso and Decourt Quaresma, where the method chosen was that of Aoki Veloso because it has the least resistance. The second method is the numerical one, which is performed through computational software, the AltoQi Eberick®. The analyzes carried out indicate few differences in the values ​​of steel area and compressive stresses. The analytical method proposed by Aoki Veloso proved to be the most conservative, delivering a load capacity of 38 tf, while the computation methods of the Eberick® computational software are less conservative, delivering a load capacity of 33.87 tf. When performing the reinforcement design calculations, the results obtained by the two methods are identical because they have a tip voltage lower than the minimum provided by the standard, so the minimum reinforcement for both methods was used. A detailed study was carried out showing the advantages and disadvantages of both methods, the analytical method proved to be assertive mainly for small details, while the numerical method was more conservative and efficient in relation to working time and the possibility of calculation for larger structures. complex.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PIPE WITH WIDENED BASE AND WITHOUT WIDENED BASE
Foundation is the structural part of a building that’s responsible for absorb and covey loads to the underlying soil. For your sizing, it’s essential to discern what is a shallow and deep foundation, what are your variations, the type of soil that includes this type of structure, what’s the best construction method in each occasion, to know the current rules and the most viable way to guarantee the useful life of the construction. In this work, an approach of the deep foundations was made, more specifically to the tubules, which are characterized by their edge resistance and also lateral, since your base can be widened and in final phase could be necessary to lower the workers for execution this expansion or even cleaning the bottom of the excavation. Developed a comparative analysis of a tubule type foundation with an enlarged base, with a tubulon without the enlarged base, analytically. In addition, it was compared the results obtained in an analytical way for a tubule without the extended base, numerically modeled by an engineering software. In this development, research was carried out on bibliographic references, as a way to better understand the requirements, parameters and design methods. To verification of a sounding report, it was followed to define some soil parameters and with the data in hand, a geometric and structural dimensioning was made, analytically, to establish the comparisons of these calculations with the results of the numerical method. At the same time, the flange with an extended base supported a load almost 15 times greater than the flange without flare, emphasizing that the same allowable tension value was used to obtain an equivalent analysis. The tubule without extended base resisted only 6.5% than the tubule with extended base, where among the options presented, the tubule with extended base was pointed out as the best solution for offering greater stability and supporting greater loads, besides that according to the checks made and precepts adopted in accordance with the norms, all conventions were attended.
PREDICTIVE MAINTENANCE THROUGH VIBRATION ANALYSIS IN BOILER EXHAUST ROTOR
The condition of a machine affects the quality and efficiency of its work and allowing a problem to reach a critical state results in negative consequences, potentially causing equipment loss and extensive downtime in a factory. Machine maintenance, therefore, is a concern that came into existence along with the creation of the industry. The expansion of industries has made it necessary to carry out constant maintenance. This fact made the planning areas realize that there were better ways to carry out maintenance, other than just when the equipment was defective (corrective maintenance) or simply changing everything to avoid defects (preventive maintenance). Bearing in mind that predictive maintenance, based on vibration analysis, is extremely important to detect defects imperceptible to the naked eye or audible tests. The objective of this work is a case study that shows that with the implementation of a predictive maintenance system that uses vibration analysis, it is possible to prevent failures and breakdowns in equipment, thus reducing the time and cost for identification and repair. of failures. For this purpose, an exhaust fan rotor from a boiler located in the industrial area of ​​a company that generates energy was studied using the steam generated by burning sugarcane bagasse. Throughout the case study of boiler exhaust vibrations, two faults due to dynamic unbalance in the rotor were identified. In short, the objective of the work was achieved, as it was possible to perceive the efficiency of the method, given that the fault was intercepted before causing further damage, giving the maintenance team the chance to prepare for the repair.
PLANEJAMENTO DE MANUTENÇÃO PREVENTIVA: UM ESTUDO DE CASO
Maintenance is a crucial concept that, when routinely practiced, results in continuity of production lines and low costs. There are several types of maintenance strategies in industries. One important method is Preventive Maintenance (PM). The PM is based on the permanence of the parts in production and is intended to reduce the probability of potential failures, it is performed at predetermined intervals or according to prescriptive criteria performed prior to machine failure to keep the equipment in specified conditions, through of a process that involves regular inspections, identification and prevention of potential failures. This work seeks to analyze, through a case study, the implementation process of the preventive maintenance plan and the benefits generated for a company in the sugar and alcohol sector, located in the region of Vale do São Patrício in the state of Goiás. For this, 9 types of truck class assets were studied, comparing the periods before and after the implementation of a PM plan, and how three maintenance indicators behaved. The indicators studied were Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF), Mean Time to Repair (MTTR) and availability. As a result, it was observed that there was a 34% improvement in the general MTBF, going from 32.3 to 43.3 days, a 10% worsening in the MTTR, going from 0.86 to 0.94 days, and an improvement of 1-point percentages in asset availability, going from 97.2 to 98.2%. Thus, it is concluded that the implementation of a PM plan is capable of bringing several benefits to the maintenance area of an organization, increasing the average time between failures of assets, their operation availability, guaranteeing greater productivity and, therefore, greater profits to the company.
BIM: Innovation and Technology in the Service of Construction Efficiency
Designing, planning, and executing construction projects with efficiency and innovation has long been a challenge in the civil construction sector. Aiming for greater productivity and accuracy, the use of the BIM (Building Information Modeling) methodology has stood out as an important means to generate a significant flow of improvements in construction processes. Improving processes is a necessary reality to avoid future failures and errors due to a lack of sharing vital information and data essential for the good performance of civil projects, which until recently did not make proper use of this revolutionary methodology. BIM should be seen and understood as a new perspective for the development of construction activities involving all stages of their life cycle. This work aimed to study and understand the relationship of architecture and engineering offices in the cities of Goianésia-GO and Jaraguá-GO with the BIM methodology. To this end, a field survey via a digital questionnaire was designed to collect data and percentages related to the level of knowledge, use, and encouragement of the BIM concept in these cities. After obtaining the data, it was possible to analyze and understand the level and evolution of this relationship. At the same time, a comparison was made with similar surveys already conducted in the country. The research diagnosed that although the high cost of investment in BIM platforms and proper training were identified as the main barriers by professionals, it was noted that the construction job market in these cities has been satisfactorily absorbing and interacting with the changes and innovations generated by the BIM concept. It is hoped that this research will serve as a basis for future academics, researchers, and professionals seeking to make comparisons and findings about the evolution of the BIM methodology in the region.
ELABORATION OF A RAINWATER HARVESTING SYSTEM IN A HOTEL IN THE CITY OF JARAGUÁ-GO
Whereas of all-natural resources, water has great economic and social value, being fundamental for both man and the environment, however, water scarcity in some regions in the world is related to its unrestrained use by industry, agriculture etc. Based on this information, finding a solution to save water is essential, considering that the use of rainwater is a tool of great importance to solve the waste of drinking water, as rainwater can be applied in some hydraulic equipment, replacing the use of drinking water, provided saving and sustainability. This work aims to develop a system for using rainwater for non-potable purposes, analyzing costs and the feasibility of implementing it in a hotel located in the municipality of Jaraguá-GO. For this, the use of the Netuno 4 software was of great importance, which through the insertion of data such as daily precipitation, catchment area, utilization coefficient, allowed simulations to be carried out to choose the ideal volume for the lower reservoir that can serve the hotel in the most economical way possible. After choosing the reservoir, calculations were carried out and finally the hydraulic and rainwater collection projects were carried out. With the complete project, an analysis was made of the economic feasibility of implementing this system in the hotel, making a comparison between the costs of cold water before and after the installation of the system, and it is possible to observe that in one year the potential savings are R$ 12,501.47. Another more detailed analysis was also carried out using Neptune 4, and using the budgeted amount of R$ 76,320.32 (Seventy-six thousand, three hundred and twenty reais and thirty-two cents) it was possible to reach a return time of the estimated investment of 83 months with an internal rate of return of 2.14% per month, showing that installing the water recovery system in the hotel is a viable investment considering the long term.
PROPOSAL TO REVITALIZE THE CALÇÃO DE COURO STREAM IN GOIANÉSIA – GO
With urban growth in cities, there has been greater occupation of riverbanks, due to the search for larger urban spaces. Watercourses have been filled in and often modified to meet population demands. The destruction of riparian vegetation, the disposal of solid waste, the imbalance of local marine life, among other things, has also increased, leading to the degradation of rivers in urban areas, which in addition to altering marine life can cause diseases in the population. Revitalization processes are emerging, seeking to return degraded streams to a more natural state, to recover the ecological, social and hydrological functions of the streams, which in addition to improving the functionality of the streams, also helps to improve the quality of life of urban dwellers. The aim of this study is to study the current situation of the Calção de Couro stream to evaluate revitalization strategies and, through the studies, propose a project to improve and revitalize the stream through a case study. The methodology thus involves an analysis of the current problems encountered and the means of data collection, which were carried out by on-site visits, so that the points of revitalization of the stream could be surveyed, after which the notes regarding revitalization and the proposed revitalization measures were demonstrated via photographs. Several points of improvement were observed in the Calção de Couro stream, such as the devastation of the riparian forest, the absence of a Permanent Preservation Area, impaired marine life, a dirty water body with garbage, erosion and silting. As a result, it was possible to conclude from the data collected the importance of a revitalization process for a body of water with ecological and social value such as the Calção de Couro stream in the city of Goianésia.
STUDY ON THE INTERACTION OF THE AUTONOMOUS MAINTENANCE PILLARS AND PLANNED MAINTENANCE OF THE TPM METHODOLOGY IN THE SUGAR-ALCOHOLIC SEGMENT INDUSTRY
CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT METHODS SUCH AS TOTAL PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT (TPM) ARE INCREASINGLY USED IN INDUSTRIAL ENVIRONMENTS IN ORDER TO SEEK BETTER OPERATIONAL EFFICIENCY AND BETTER COMPETITIVENESS IN THE MARKET. IN THIS SENSE, THE PRESENT WORK PRESENTS A STUDY OF THE INTERACTION OF THE AUTONOMOUS MAINTENANCE (MA) AND PLANNED MAINTENANCE (PM) PILLARS, ANALYZES RESULTS RELATED TO EQUIPMENT FAILURES AND EVALUATES THE POSSIBLE REDUCTION OF FAILURES BASED ON THE RESULTS PRESENTED. REGARDING THE METHODOLOGY APPLIED, IT IS A CASE STUDY IN A COMPANY IN THE SUGAR AND ETHANOL SEGMENT, CONSIDERING THE RESULTS OF THE MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM DATABASE AND COMPARING THE FAILURE DATA BETWEEN PRE AND POST IMPLEMENTATION PERIODS FOR EACH EQUIPMENT, AREA AND CONSOLIDATED RESULTS. IN THE THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK, GENERAL CONCEPTS OF THE TPM METHODOLOGY ARE PRESENTED, AS WELL AS THE DEEPENING OF THE MA AND MP PILLARS, HIGHLIGHTING THE IMPORTANT INTERACTION IN THE STRUCTURING OF THE FIVE MEASURES FOR ZERO BREAKAGE AND RESPECTIVE KEY POINTS FOR SUCCESS. EXAMPLES OF THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE OF THE PILLARS, PROCESS FLOWS AND MEASURES ADOPTED FOR KEY POINTS ARE PRESENTED IN THE DEVELOPMENT. THE DETAILS PRESENTED IN THE RESULTS SUGGEST IN THE CASE STUDIED THAT EVEN IN EQUIPMENT WITH COMPLETELY DIFFERENT FUNCTIONS AND MECHANICAL SYSTEMS, THE TRAINING OBTAINED BY OPERATORS AND MAINTAINERS IN MAINTAINING THE BASIC CONDITIONS OF THE EQUIPMENT CAN PRODUCE RELEVANT RESULTS RELATED TO THE REDUCTION OF FAILURES.
THE PRESENT WORK HAS AS ITS THEME THE OPTIMIZATION OF SOLAR ENERGY GENERATION, WHERE THE OBJECTIVE IS TO CARRY OUT AN ANALYSIS OF TWO SYSTEMS THAT USE PHOTOVOLTAIC PLATES, ONE OF THE MODELS WAS DESIGNED IN THE TRADITIONAL MODEL USING ANGLE PATTERNS AND PLATE ORIENTATION BASED ON THE BANK OF CRESESB DATA, AND SIMULTANEOUSLY A SECOND MODEL WAS AUTOMATED WITH THE HELP OF THE ARDUINO PROTOTYPING PLATFORM, USING SERVO MOTORS THAT ALLOW MOVEMENT BOTH VERTICALLY AND HORIZONTALLY, ALLOWING THE SYSTEM TO ALWAYS SEEK THE POSITION WITH THE HIGHEST INCIDENCE OF SUNLIGHT. DATA ANALYSIS WAS PERFORMED BY COLLECTING THE VOLTAGE AND CURRENT VALUES �€‹�€‹GENERATED IN BOTH PROTOTYPES, BASED ON THESE VALUES, THE GENERATED POWER OF THE SYSTEMS WAS CALCULATED AS A FUNCTION OF THE TIME OF USE. FROM THE RESULTS OBTAINED IN THE TESTS, IT CAN BE VERIFIED THAT THERE WAS AN INCREASE IN THE YIELD OF THE AUTOMATED PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM COMPARED TO THE FIXED SYSTEM, THUS VALIDATING ITS USE.
Marinà©s Chiquinquirá Carvajal Bravo Gomes
STUDY OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE IN SUGARCANE ROAD IMPLEMENTS IN A SUGAR-ALCOHOLIC INDUSTRY
IN THE PRESENT WORK, A CASE STUDY WAS CARRIED OUT ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE IN ROAD IMPLEMENTS WITH THE INTENTION OF INCREASING PERFORMANCE IN A SUGAR AND ETHANOL COMPANY IN THE REGION OF VALE DO SÃO PATR�CIO IN THE STATE OF GOI�S. THE OBJECTIVE OF THE WORK WAS TO VERIFY THE MAINTENANCE INDICATORS AFTER THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE, CARRIED OUT EVERY 7 DAYS (LUBRICATION, MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL CHECKS, AND TIRE CALIBRATION) AND THE MAINTENANCE CARRIED OUT EVERY 42 DAYS (GENERAL MAINTENANCE). WITH THIS, THE DEVELOPMENT OF A MAINTENANCE PLAN AND THE IMPLEMENTATION PROCESS WERE STUDIED. THROUGH THE DATA OF SERVICE ORDERS, THE ANALYSIS OF THE YEARS 2018 (BASED ON CORRECTIVES) VERSUS 2019 (PREVENTIVE IMPLEMENTATION) WAS PERFORMED. IN VIEW OF THE ANALYSIS OF THE INDICATORS, IT CAN BE CONCLUDED THAT PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE BROUGHT A DECREASE OF 35,128 UNSCHEDULED HOURS, A 70.58% REDUCTION IN TOTAL MAINTENANCE HOURS, A 5.95% INCREASE IN PHYSICAL AVAILABILITY, A 60% INCREASE IN THE AVERAGE TIME BETWEEN FAILURES, A 73.30% DECREASE IN THE AVERAGE REPAIR TIME, AN INCREASE IN PRODUCTIVITY, A DECREASE IN THE BREAKING OF PARTS AND AN INCREASE IN THE USEFUL LIFE OF THE EQUIPMENT.
VIBRATION ANALYSIS IN ROTARY BEARINGS FOR PREDICTIVE MAINTENANCE USING VIBRATION COLLECTOR/ANALYZER
THE MAIN OBJECTIVE OF VIBRATION ANALYSIS IN MECHANICAL ELEMENTS IS TO PREDICT AND PREVENT BREAKDOWNS, AS WELL AS TO PROLONG THE LIFE OF THE EQUIPMENT OR SYSTEM. TO ACHIEVE THIS OBJECTIVE, IT IS NECESSARY TO CARRY OUT FREQUENT MONITORING OF THE REAL OPERATING CONDITIONS, IN THIS WAY IT IS POSSIBLE TO IDENTIFY DEFECTS THAT, IN ADVANCED STAGES, CAN CAUSE FAILURE. ONE OF THE PRINCIPLES OF PREDICTIVE MAINTENANCE IS TO ANALYZE THE EQUIPMENT IN ITS REGULAR WORKING REGIME, AND THIS FACTOR IS PRECISELY ONE OF THE GREAT ADVANTAGES OF APPLYING THE PREDICTIVE APPROACH, SINCE IT DOES NOT INTERFERE WITH PRODUCTION. THE USE OF THE VIBRATION ANALYSIS TECHNIQUE IN BEARINGS PROVIDES ACUTELY IMPORTANT RESULTS, IDENTIFYING ANY ANOMALIES. ROTATING BEARINGS, WHEN OPERATING, EXERT SOME DYNAMIC FORCES THAT PROPAGATE THROUGHOUT THE HOUSING, AND SOME EFFORTS CAN BE CONSIDERED IN THE ELABORATION OF PROJECTS, HOWEVER, NUMEROUS FACTORS DURING ASSEMBLY OR FIELD ACTIVITY CAN LEAD TO UNDESIRABLE REACTIONS, SUCH AS MISALIGNMENTS. , UNBALANCES, CLEARANCES, SHAFT WARPING, WHICH MAY CAUSE DAMAGE TO THE JOINT SHAFT/BEARING SYSTEM OR EVEN TO OTHER PARTS OF THE COMPONENTS THAT ARE INTERCONNECTED TO THE SYSTEM. IN THE PRESENT WORK, VIBRATION PATTERNS IN NEW AND WORN ROTARY BEARINGS WERE ANALYZED, USING A VIBRATION COLLECTOR/ANALYSER, EVALUATING THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN BOTH SITUATIONS, WITH RESPECT TO THE PARAMETERS OF VIBRATION AMPLITUDE.
IMPLEMENTATION OF PLANNED MAINTENANCE IN MACHINERY IN THE PACKAGING SECTOR AT THE JALLES MACHADO SUGAR-ALCOHOLIC PLANT
THE SUGAR-ALCOHOL INDUSTRY SECTOR IS OF PARAMOUNT IMPORTANCE FOR NATIONAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, AS IT IS WIDELY USED BOTH IN TERMS OF THE SUPPLY OF SUGAR FOR CONSUMPTION BY THE BRAZILIAN POPULATION, AND IN THE APPLICATION IN THE FUEL INDUSTRY. LIKE ANY PRODUCTION PROCESS, THE PRODUCTION OF SUGAR IN THE INDUSTRY ALSO PRESENTS BOTTLENECKS, SUCH AS MACHINERY STOPS. THE PRESENT WORK AIMS TO PARTICIPATE IN THIS PRODUCTION PROCESS, PROPOSING IMPROVEMENTS IN THE AVAILABILITY OF EQUIPMENT THROUGH MAINTENANCE PLANNING, USING THE TECHNIQUES OF TOTAL PRODUCTIVE MAINTENANCE - TPM. THE MAIN PREVENTIVE ACTIVITY APPLIED WAS THE ELABORATION OF INSPECTION ROUTES FOR ALL MACHINES IN THE PACKAGING SECTOR. APPLYING THIS TECHNIQUE, IT WAS POSSIBLE TO IDENTIFY THE MAIN BOTTLENECKS IN THE PRODUCTION PROCESS, WHICH WERE CORRECTED THROUGH PREVENTIVE AND PREDICTIVE MAINTENANCE. THROUGH THE TECHNIQUES APPLIED, IN AN INTERVAL OF A HARVEST, JALLES MACHADO REDUCED 87.6% OF THE BREAKS FROM THE YEAR 2020 TO THE YEAR 2021, WHICH LED TO A CONSIDERABLE INCREASE IN THE AVAILABILITY OF EQUIPMENT, REDUCING ITS LOSSES DUE TO UNPRODUCTIVITY IN VALUES APPROACHING R$ 42 MILLION.
LOW MELTING POINT NON-FERROUS ALLOY FOUNDRY FURNACE PROJECT
DUE TO THE ADVANCE IN THE CONSUMPTION OF METALS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPONENTS, IT IS INCREASINGLY IMPORTANT TO RECYCLE AND RECOVER RAW MATERIALS SUCH AS ALUMINUM, A MATERIAL WITH A HIGH EXTRACTION COST FOR COMPANIES. RECYCLING ALUMINUM HELPS RID THE ENVIRONMENT OF UNNECESSARY WASTE WHILE USING ONLY 5% OF THE ENERGY USED IN PRODUCING PRIMARY ALUMINUM THROUGH BAUXITE. IN THIS WAY, IT IS A VERY RELEVANT PROCESS BOTH IN THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND IN THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL SPHERES. THUS, IT WAS INTENDED TO DESIGN AND MANUFACTURE A LOW MELTING POINT NON-FERROUS ALLOY SMELTING FURNACE, MAKING THE SMALL-SCALE RECYCLING PROCESS MORE ACCESSIBLE. THE MELTING FURNACE MANUFACTURED PRESENTED GOOD WORKING CONDITIONS, REACHING TEMPERATURES NECESSARY FOR THE MELTING OF ALUMINUM IN A SAFE WAY FOR UP TO 90 MINUTES OF CONTINUOUS USE, DURING WHICH THE THERMAL INSULATION OF THE EXTERNAL PART CAN OVERHEAT. A TEST WAS CARRIED OUT WITH 200 G OF ALUMINUM CANS AND 161.1 G OF RECYCLED ALUMINUM WAS OBTAINED, REPRESENTING A YIELD OF 80.6%.
PROPOSAL FOR A MAINTENANCE PLAN FOR LABORATORY EQUIPMENT OF THE MECHANICAL ENGINEERING COURSE AT THE FACULTY EVANGÉLICA DE GOIANESIA
MAINTENANCE IS ONE OF THE MOST EVOLVING AREAS, AS IT NEEDS TO KEEP PRODUCTION LEVELS HIGH IN A COMPANY. THUS, STUDIES ON HOW TO CONTROL ASSETS MORE EFFECTIVELY ARE ONE OF THE TARGETS OF THE LITERATURE, WHICH WERE THE SCOPE OF INSTRUCTION FOR THIS WORK. THE NEED TO CREATE A MAINTENANCE PLAN FOR THE EQUIPMENT IN THE MECHANICAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY AT FACULDADE EVANGÉLICA DE GOIAN�SIA AROSE FROM POSSIBLE FAILURES ARISING FROM POOR MANAGEMENT OF THE MAINTENANCE OF SUCH EQUIPMENT. AS IT IS NEW EQUIPMENT, IT IS EXPECTED TO OBTAIN POSITIVE RESULTS WITH THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THIS METHOD OF PREVENTION, WITH THE AIM OF POSTPONING ITS USEFUL LIFE AND ALWAYS SERVING THE ACADEMIC COMMUNITY. THUS, A MAINTENANCE PLAN WAS DEVELOPED BASED ON THE EQUIPMENT MANUALS, AS WELL AS THE EXPERIENCES LIVED BY USERS OF THE MACHINERY IN INTERNET FORUMS. MAINTENANCE PLANS COVER A METALLOGRAPHIC CUTTER, AN EMBEDDING PRESS, A POLISHING SANDER, AN HYDRAULIC PRESS, AND A BENCHTOP MILLING AND DRILLING MACHINE. THROUGH THESE DATA, THE PLAN WAS DRAWN, WITH THE DESCRIPTION OF THE ACTIVITIES, NECESSARY MATERIALS, FREQUENCY, AND THE WAY TO CARRY THEM OUT IS DESCRIBED IN THIS DOCUMENT. IN ADDITION, THERE ARE MAINTENANCE SCRIPTS FOR EACH OF THE EQUIPMENT, SHOWING THE ACTIVITIES THAT SHOULD BE CARRIED OUT ACCORDING TO THE SCHEDULE ALREADY DEFINED, DIVIDED INTO DAILY, WEEKLY, MONTHLY, QUARTERLY, SEMIANNUAL AND ANNUAL.
IMPROVEMENT OF THE ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF A THERMOELECTRIC POWER PLANT WITH THE IMPLEMENTATION OF A NEW TURBOGENERATOR
THE PRESENT WORK DEALS WITH THE VERIFICATION OF THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF A THERMOELECTRIC PLANT, LOCATED IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF GOIAN�SIA, IN THE STATE OF GOI�S, WHICH USES SUGARCANE BAGASSE AND STRAW AS A SOURCE OF ENERGY FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF A NEW TURBOGENERATOR. THE GENERAL OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY WAS BASED ON THE ENERGY ANALYSIS OF A THERMOELECTRIC PLANT IN THE INTERIOR OF GOI�S, IN ORDER TO OBTAIN INFORMATION ON THE EFFICIENCY OF STEAM TURBINES, VALUES �€‹�€‹OF STEAM ALLOWED, AS WELL AS THE VALUES �€‹�€‹OF PRODUCTION OF ELECTRICITY GENERATED IN RECENT YEARS, IN ORDER TO VERIFY IF THE INSTALLATION OF THE EXTRACTION-CONDENSATION TURBINE IMPROVED THE ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN THE PLANT. REGARDING THE METHODOLOGY, IT IS AN EXPLORATORY RESEARCH, WITH A QUANTITATIVE FOCUS, THROUGH A CASE STUDY. FROM THE THERMODYNAMIC STUDIES CARRIED OUT, IT WAS POSSIBLE TO VERIFY THAT THERE WAS AN IMPROVEMENT IN ENERGY EFFICIENCY, WITH THE IMPLEMENTATION OF A NEW TURBINE IN THE THERMOELECTRIC PLANT. HOWEVER, IT IS POSSIBLE TO FURTHER INCREASE ITS EFFICIENCY, AS THE THREE EXISTING TURBINES CANNOT OPERATE SIMULTANEOUSLY.